3/26/08 Computers and Society, Class 10 1

Computers and SocietyIST 2710

Section 006

Class #10: 3/26/08

http://www.is.wayne.edu/drbowen/casw08

3/26/08 Computers and Society, Class 10 2

Do’s and Don’ts

• Do label your diskettes. I have some labelso This is much better than using a pen or

marker.

• Do not put the label on so that it overlaps the diskette door or shutter.o The diskette door or shutter must be able to

open when you put the diskette into the drive so that the read/write head can access the surface.

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Computer Security

• SpyBot – protectsfrom SpyWare

• Cookies are anexampleo Tracking cookies

to report mycomputer usage

o Very commono Privacy, not virus

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Grade What-If

• Excel spreadsheet to estimate your course grade

• Download from course website

• Save to local storage to preserve and update

• Can get grades from Online Grade Reports

• Danger in leaving grades blank if not done

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Staying for Lab

• Two or more labs or assignments behind, must stay during Lab to get 100% attendance credit tonight - 3 labs in, and 2 assignments in. Who must stay:o EVERYONE! (Unless you have turned more

in tonight).

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Social Issues - Essay

• From “Social Issues” handout on website

• Topics for short homework essays and semester essay, and on Quiz 2 and final

• Review of semester Essay (handout in first class)o 3 – 5 pageso One one of the social issues from web pageo Must use course materials and discussiono Not a research assignment

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Upcoming Assignments

• Quiz 2 next week, April 2o Review tonight

• Two weeks, April 9o Essay, on disketteo Student Evaluation of Teaching (SET)

• Three weeks, April 16o All work to be counted in regular grade (*)o Review for Final

• Four weeks, April 23: Final Exam

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Using PowerPoint

• PowerPoint for presentationso Series of screens (“slides”) shown full-screeno How proposals get made, training gets done,

how sales calls are made, etc.

• What can be on a slide?o Backgroundo Title (of presentation)o Text (color, bulleted list)o Pictureo Animation of text and picture

Here we use PowerPoint

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Afterwards

• Much elseo Color schemeso Design templateso Movies, soundo “Clickers” in classes

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Social Issues

• Permanent Underclasso Idea is that SAME PEOPLE get trapped, not

people moving into and out of an underclasso Argument that people without computer

access could get trapped in underclasso Argument that they could get outo This issue sometimes seen as racial, but here

presented as economic

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Social Issues

• Racial / ethnic / cultural equalityo Used to be a common idea that Computers

and Internet were for whites, nothing of interest to other groups

o African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans used to lag in using Computers and the Internet

o Now, pretty much caught up, at least for same economic class

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Social Issues

• Racial / ethnic / cultural equalityo More of an international issue now

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Reading in Chapter 6

• Digital Rights Management (DRM)o To block sharing of copyrighted material

without authorizationo DRM framework from Microsofto Angers legitimate users – making backup

copyo All schemes so far have been brokeno Recent trend is to remove DRM software from

commercial music and text files – Amazon.com

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Reading in Chapter 6

• “Vaporware”o Rumor that software will be released soon, to

prevent customers going to a competitor’s software (Microsoft)

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Reading in Chapter 7

• Pp 234 – 244

• Problems from today’s intensive computer usage

• Physical healtho Aches and pains – use adjustable computer

furniture – look down at screen, arms downo Eyestrain – take breaks every hour

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Reading in Chapter 7

• Emotional health

• Intensive computer use can lead to nervousness, strain, isolation

• Take breaks

• Don’t “take it home” – get a life

• Americans are working harder than ever, taking shorter vacations, staying connected on vacation – not a good idea

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Storing Instructions

• Memory locationsnumbered – 1, 2, 3,…

• Program instructionsstored in one memoryarea, data in another

• Master cycle: Fetch,Interpret, Execute, Increment (to next memory location)

• All processing done in Accumulator (+, -, …)

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Example:

• Instructions have two parts:o Operation code (binary code for this)o Memory location (binary address = number)

• Example – add two numbers:1. Get first number from its location, load it into

Accumulator (replaces previous contents2. Get second number from its location, add it

to what is in Accumulator3. Store value of accumulator to its location

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Storage Requirements

• Operation code (binary code for this)o How many types of instructions – n bits, 2n

different values (codes)

• Memory location (binary address = number)o How many memory locations can be

accessed?o m bits, 2m different values

• Total bits = n + m

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Storage Example

• Example:o 10 bits for operation code (1,024 codes)o 30 bits for memory address (1 gigabyte)o Total is 40 bits, 5 byteso 1200 instructions take 1200 × 6 = 6,000 bytes

to store

Review for Quiz 2Lab 9