Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction- Facilitating Work Outcomes Th
Computer Support Cooperative Work (CSCW) Facilitating work by more than one person
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Transcript of Computer Support Cooperative Work (CSCW) Facilitating work by more than one person
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Fall 2002 CS/PSY 6750 1
Computer Support Cooperative Work (CSCW)Facilitating work by more than one person
• Computer Supported Cooperative Work Study of how people work together as a
group and how technology affects this Support the social processes of work,
often among geographically separated people
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Fall 2002 CS/PSY 6750 2
Examples
• Scientists collaborating on a technical issue
• Authors editing a document together• Programmers debugging a system
concurrently• Workers collaborating over a shared
video conferencing application• Buyers and sellers meeting on eBay
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Fall 2002 CS/PSY 6750 3
Research Focus
• Often divided into two main areas Systems - Groupware
Designing software to facilitate collaboration
Social componentStudy of human and group dynamics
in such situations
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Fall 2002 CS/PSY 6750 4
Taxonomy
Time
Place
Same
Same
Different
Different
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Fall 2002 CS/PSY 6750 5
Taxonomy
Time
Place
Synchronous
Co-located
Asynchronous
Remote
Face-to-face Post-it note
Phone call Letter
E-meeting room Argument. tool
Video window,wall Email
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Fall 2002 CS/PSY 6750 6
A More-fleshed Out Taxonomy
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Fall 2002 CS/PSY 6750 7
Styles of Systems
• 1. Computer-mediated communication aids
• 2. Meeting and decision support systems
• 3. Shared applications and tools
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Fall 2002 CS/PSY 6750 8
Computer-mediated Communication Aids
• Examples Email, Chats, MUDs, virtual worlds,
desktop videoconferencing Example: CUSee-Me
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Fall 2002 CS/PSY 6750 9
Meeting and Decision Support Systems
• Examples Corporate decision-support conference
roomProvides ways of rationalizing
decisions, voting, presenting cases, etc.
Concurrency control is important
Shared computer classroom/clusterGroup discussion/design aid tools
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Fall 2002 CS/PSY 6750 10
Shared Applications and Tools
• Examples Shared editors, design tools, etc.
Want to avoid “locking” and allow multiple people to concurrently work on document
Requires some form of contention resolution
How do you show what others are doing?
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Fall 2002 CS/PSY 6750 11
Example
• Teamrooms - Univ. of Calgary, Saul Greenberg
Video, CHI ‘97
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Fall 2002 CS/PSY 6750 12
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Fall 2002 CS/PSY 6750 13
Using the CoWeb
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Fall 2002 CS/PSY 6750 14
Features to support collaboration:Recent Changes and Attachments
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Fall 2002 CS/PSY 6750 15
Handling contention in CoWeb
• No locking On the Web, how do you know if someone walks away?
• But if person A edits, then person B starts and saves edit before A saves, how do you deal with it? Old way: A “wins,” but B’s is available in history for
retrieval Current way:
Each edit time is recordedIf incoming edit time is earlier than last save, then
note collision. Provide user with both versions for resolution.
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Fall 2002 CS/PSY 6750 16
Security
• Save everything,• But it’s mostly
social pressure that keeps it working
• Problems (finally)reared ugly headrecently
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Fall 2002 CS/PSY 6750 17
Social Issues
• People bring in different perspectives and views to a collaboration environment
• Goal of CSCW systems is often to establish some common ground and to facilitate understanding and interaction
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Fall 2002 CS/PSY 6750 18
Turn Taking
• There are many subtle social conventions about turn taking in an interaction Personal space, closeness Eye contact Gestures Body language Conversation cues
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Fall 2002 CS/PSY 6750 19
Geography, Position
• In group dynamics, the physical layout of individuals matters a lot “Power positions”
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Fall 2002 CS/PSY 6750 20
Evaluation
• Evaluating the usability and utility of CSCW tools is quite challenging Need more participants Logistically difficult Apples - oranges
• Often use field studies and ethnographic evaluations to assist
Evaluation Efforts at Calgary• Uses modified heuristic evaluation
techniques www.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/grouplab/papers/2001/01-HeurisiticsMechanics.EHCI/talk/EHCI_2.html