Computer SoftwareComputer Software

Communications SoftwareCommunications Software

Software used to communicate Software used to communicate

with other computers or people.with other computers or people.

Examples: Examples:

Internet Applications (MS Internet Explorer, Internet Applications (MS Internet Explorer, Netscape NavigatorNetscape Navigator

Fax (Win Fax)Fax (Win Fax)

E-mail (MS Outlook, E-mail (MS Outlook,

MS Exchange, MS Exchange,

Eudora, Pegasus)Eudora, Pegasus)

Operating System SoftwareOperating System SoftwareThese programs start up the computer and function These programs start up the computer and function as the principal co-ordinator of all hardware as the principal co-ordinator of all hardware components and applications software programs.components and applications software programs.

Examples:Examples:

Windows (3.x, Windows (3.x, 95, 98, ME, XP95, 98, ME, XP))

Windows NT, 2000Windows NT, 2000

MacintoshMacintosh

UNIXUNIX

LINUXLINUX

OS/390OS/390

Graphics SoftwareGraphics Software

Software used to create Software used to create graphicsgraphics

Examples: Examples:

Adobe PhotoshopAdobe Photoshop

Adobe IllustratorAdobe Illustrator

Quark XPress Quark XPress

Adobe PageMakerAdobe PageMaker

CorelDrawCorelDraw

System SoftwareSystem Software

Designed to allow the Designed to allow the computer to manage computer to manage its own resources its own resources and run basic and run basic operationsoperations

Utility softwareUtility software

Systems software Systems software includes compilers, includes compilers, loaders, linkers, and loaders, linkers, and debuggersdebuggers

Entertainment & Leisure SoftwareEntertainment & Leisure Software

Software used to Software used to have funhave funThe software must The software must be installed on your be installed on your computercomputer

Examples: Examples: Games (Doom 3, Games (Doom 3, WarCraft WarCraft IIIIII))Simulations (Flight Simulations (Flight Simulator)Simulator)

Application SoftwareApplication Software

Software used to Software used to complete specific tasks complete specific tasks

like create an essay or like create an essay or write a memo. write a memo.

Business SoftwareBusiness Software

Software used to Software used to create business create business documentsdocuments

Examples: Examples:

Word Processing Word Processing (MS Word, Word (MS Word, Word Perfect)Perfect)

Spreadsheet (MS Spreadsheet (MS Excel, Quattro Pro)Excel, Quattro Pro)

Database (MS Database (MS Access, FoxPro)Access, FoxPro)

Educational & Reference Educational & Reference SoftwareSoftware

Software used to Software used to research.research.

The software must be The software must be installed on your installed on your computercomputer

Examples:Examples:

BritannicaBritannica

DictionariesDictionaries

Reference BooksReference Books

Internet SecurityInternet Security

The software used The software used on your computer to on your computer to ensure your ensure your machine stays safe machine stays safe from hackers and from hackers and virusesviruses

Examples:Examples:

FirewallsFirewalls

AntiVirusAntiVirus

Operating Systems Operating Systems (OS)(OS)

The principal piece of system software in any computer The principal piece of system software in any computer system.system.Consists of the master programs (supervisor) that Consists of the master programs (supervisor) that manage the basic operations of the computermanage the basic operations of the computerAllows you to concentrate on your own tasks or Allows you to concentrate on your own tasks or applications rather than on the complexities of managing applications rather than on the complexities of managing the computerthe computerIt interprets the commands you give to run programs and It interprets the commands you give to run programs and allows you to interact with the programs while they are allows you to interact with the programs while they are runningrunningIt is automatically loaded into the main It is automatically loaded into the main memory as soon as you “boot” your memory as soon as you “boot” your computer computer

PlatformPlatform

The type of computer The type of computer architecture, or family.architecture, or family.

For the most part, For the most part, software created for software created for one type of platform one type of platform will not run, without will not run, without special arrangements, special arrangements, on other platforms.on other platforms.

E.g. IBM, Macintosh. E.g. IBM, Macintosh.

iMac G5 1.8GHz

PCSony VAIO All-In-One Desktop with Intel® Pentium® 4 Processor 2.8GHz

Command-driven vs. Menu-Command-driven vs. Menu-driven Interfacedriven Interface

User interfaceUser interface::Controls the manner of interaction Controls the manner of interaction between the user and the between the user and the operating systemoperating system

Command-driven interfaceCommand-driven interfaceThe user must type in strings of The user must type in strings of characters to issue commands. characters to issue commands. The mouse may NOT be usedThe mouse may NOT be used

Menu-driven interfaceMenu-driven interfaceThe user is provided with menus The user is provided with menus (on-screen lists of options to (on-screen lists of options to choose from) that are used to choose from) that are used to issue commandsissue commands

MultitaskingMultitasking

The execution of two The execution of two or more programs by or more programs by one user concurrently one user concurrently on the same on the same computer with one computer with one central processorcentral processor

GUIGUIStands for Stands for graphical user graphical user interfaceinterfaceUses pictorial figures called Uses pictorial figures called icons to represent tasks, icons to represent tasks, functions, and programsfunctions, and programsUses windowsUses windowsThey divide the display They divide the display screen into sections. Each screen into sections. Each window may show a different window may show a different display.display.Permits the liberal use of Permits the liberal use of both the keyboard and the both the keyboard and the mousemouse

Icons

TasksWindow

OLEOLE

Stands for Stands for Object Object Linking and Linking and EmbeddingEmbeddingDeveloped by MS to Developed by MS to support documents support documents that contain or that contain or reference other reference other documentsdocumentsNow a basic Now a basic component of Win component of Win 95/98/2000/ME/XP/NT95/98/2000/ME/XP/NT

An Excel Spreadsheet double clicked within Word

OLE Cont’dOLE Cont’d

Allows one application to access the Allows one application to access the services and data of another. For services and data of another. For example, an object such as a video clip example, an object such as a video clip can be embedded into a text document, can be embedded into a text document, which is then called the which is then called the client client applicationapplication or or OLE containerOLE containerWhen the object is double clicked, the When the object is double clicked, the application that created it, called the application that created it, called the OLE serverOLE server, is launched so that you can , is launched so that you can edit or play the objectedit or play the object

DOSDOSStands for Stands for Disk Operating Disk Operating SystemSystemThe oldest commonly The oldest commonly used microcomputer used microcomputer operating systemoperating systemRuns on IBM (PC DOS) Runs on IBM (PC DOS) and compatible and compatible microcomputers (Compaq, microcomputers (Compaq, AST, Dell, Gateway, etc.)AST, Dell, Gateway, etc.)MS DOS is created by MS DOS is created by Microsoft (hence the MS)Microsoft (hence the MS)Command-driven, single-Command-driven, single-user programuser program

OS/2OS/2Stands for Stands for Operating System 2Operating System 2Designed to run on IBM and compatible machinesDesigned to run on IBM and compatible machinesDoes not need DOS to run underneath it and has a GUI Does not need DOS to run underneath it and has a GUI called the called the workplace shell (WPSworkplace shell (WPS)) which uses icons which uses icons resembling documents, folders, printers, etc.resembling documents, folders, printers, etc.Can run on most DOS, Windows, and OS/2 applications Can run on most DOS, Windows, and OS/2 applications programs simultaneously. programs simultaneously. Don’t need to get rid of old applications Don’t need to get rid of old applications First OS to take full advantage of First OS to take full advantage of the power of the Intel Pentium the power of the Intel Pentium microprocessorsmicroprocessorsDesigned to connect small Designed to connect small hand-held personal computers to hand-held personal computers to large mainframeslarge mainframes

Windows 3.xWindows 3.xAn operating environment that lays a GUI shell An operating environment that lays a GUI shell around the DOS operating system and extends around the DOS operating system and extends DOS’s capabilitiesDOS’s capabilities

Windows lets you display your work in Windows lets you display your work in windowswindows (rectangular portion (rectangular portion

of the video display of the video display

area with a title on area with a title on

top) on a top) on a desktopdesktop..

It supports It supports

multitaskingmultitasking

Windows 3.1 Desktop

Windows 95/98/ME/XPWindows 95/98/ME/XPMajor upgrade Major upgrade designed to replace designed to replace Win 3.XWin 3.XTrue multitasking True multitasking operating system, not operating system, not requiring the separate requiring the separate DOS programDOS programGUI is integrated into GUI is integrated into the OS It uses the OS It uses windows and a windows and a desktopdesktopUsed for mid-Used for mid-networking/Peer-to-networking/Peer-to-peer.peer.

Windows XP Desktop

Windows NT/2000Windows NT/2000

Multitasking and Multitasking and multiprocessing multiprocessing system with an system with an integrated GUI.integrated GUI.

Intended to Intended to support large support large networks (multi-networks (multi-user system) user system)

OS/390OS/390The IBM operating system for mainframe and large server The IBM operating system for mainframe and large server computerscomputersIt is used by more computers than any other OS in the worldIt is used by more computers than any other OS in the worldPayroll, accounts receivable, transaction processing, database Payroll, accounts receivable, transaction processing, database management, management, and other programs and other programs critical to the world's critical to the world's largest businesses are largest businesses are usually run on this OS usually run on this OS It also comes with UNIX It also comes with UNIX user and programming user and programming interfaces built ininterfaces built inIt can be used as both a It can be used as both a mainframe and a UNIX mainframe and a UNIX system at the same timesystem at the same time

Netware Netware A network needs A network needs network network operating system softwareoperating system software (NOS) to provide it with multi-(NOS) to provide it with multi-user, multitasking capabilitiesuser, multitasking capabilities

facilitates communications, facilitates communications, resource sharing, and resource sharing, and security, thereby providing the security, thereby providing the basic framework of the LANbasic framework of the LAN

Consists of modules that are Consists of modules that are distributed throughout the LAN distributed throughout the LAN environmentenvironment

Mac Desktop

Macintosh Operating System Macintosh Operating System (Mac OS)(Mac OS)

Easy to use interface because hardware Easy to use interface because hardware and software were designed togetherand software were designed together

Set the Set the

standard for standard for

icon-orientated icon-orientated

GUI and GUI and

plug-and-play plug-and-play

peripheral peripheral

hook upshook ups

New MacOS

UnixUnixOldest “Oldest “portableportable” operating system” operating system

Multi-user, multi-tasking operating system with built-in networking Multi-user, multi-tasking operating system with built-in networking

capability and capability and

versions that can run versions that can run

on all kinds of on all kinds of

computerscomputers

Primary users are Primary users are

government agencies, government agencies,

universities, large universities, large

corporations, and corporations, and

banksbanks

LinuxLinuxA UNIX-like operating systemA UNIX-like operating systemdesigned to provide personal computer users a free or very low-cost designed to provide personal computer users a free or very low-cost operating system comparable to traditional and usually more operating system comparable to traditional and usually more expensive UNIX systems. It has a reputation as a very efficient and expensive UNIX systems. It has a reputation as a very efficient and fast-performing systemfast-performing systemremarkably complete operating system, including a graphical user remarkably complete operating system, including a graphical user interface, and other interface, and other components usually components usually found in a found in a comprehensive UNIX comprehensive UNIX systemsystemcomes in versions for comes in versions for all the major all the major microprocessor microprocessor platformsplatforms

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