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Computer Revolution

Module 1Section 4

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Early Calculating Machines

• Abacus• Slide rule• Mechanical calculator

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Early Calculating Machines

• Stepped reckoner• Textile industry – Jacquard Loom• Difference engine

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Early Calculating Machines through those of today

• Analytical engine• The 1890 Census machine• ENIAC

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1st Generation 1945-1959

• Made to order operating instructions

• Different binary coded programs told it how to operate

• Difficult to program and limited versatility and speed

• Vacuum tubes• Magnetic drum storage

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2nd Generation 1959-1963

• Transistors• Memory – magnetic core• Assembly language• Printers and memory• Programming languages• Careers

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3rd Generation 1964-1971

• Quartz clock• Integrated circuit• Operating systems

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4th Generation 1971 – 1984

• LSI – Large Scale Integration• VLSI – Very Large Scale

Integration• Chip• General consumer usage• Networks

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5th Generation 1984 – 1990

• Parallel processing• Multi-processing• Chip advancement

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6th Generation 1990 – now

• This is the future• What new advancements lie

ahead?• What changes will be big enough

to create this new generation?

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Pioneers of Computing

• Charles Babbage• Konrad Zuse• John von Neumann• Alan Turing

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Important Machines

• IBM 650 introduced in 1953• IBM 7090 first 2nd Generation computer• Texas Instruments and Fairchild

semiconductor both announce the integrated circuit in 1959

• DEC PDP 8 the first microcomputer sold for $18,000 in 1963

• IBM 360 introduced in 1964, used integrated circuits

• 1968 Intel is established by Robert Noyce, Grove, and Moore

• 1970 floppy disk introduced

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Important Machines

• 1972 – Intel’s 8008 and 8080• 1972 – DEC PDP 11/45• 1976 – Jobs and Wozniak build the Apple I• 1978 – DEC VAX 11/780• 1979 – Motorolla 68000• 1981 – IBM PC• 1982 – Compaq IBM-compatible PC• 1984 – Sony and Phillips CD-ROM• 1988 – Next computer by Steve Jobs• 1992 – DEC 64-bit RISC alpha• 1993 – Intel’s Pentium

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Taxonomy of Computers

• Mainframes• Super computers• Microprocessors

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Wirth’s Law

• The software gets slower faster than the hardware gets faster

• What does this mean?

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References

Computer Lawshttp://www.sysprog.net/quotlaws.html