Computer Literacy 2010

8/13/2019 Computer Literacy 2010

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INFOTEK COMPUTER CENTRE COMPUTER LITERACY

LESSON 1 : COMPUTER BASICS

What is a Computer?

A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information or "data." It hasthe ability to store, retrieve, and process data. You can use a computer to typedocuments, send email, and surf the Internet. You can also use it to handlespreadsheets, accounting, database management, presentations, games, andmore.Komputer adalah alatan elektronik yang memanipulasikan maklumat atau data. Ia bolehmenyimpan, mencari dan memproses data. Komputer juga digunakan untukmemasukkan data, menghantar email dan melayari internet, membuatakaun,pembentangan (Ms PowerPoint) dan lain-lain.

Whether you realize it or not, computers play an important role in our lives. Whenyou withdraw cash from an AT, scan groceries at the store, or use a calculator,you!re using a type of computer.

nda menggunakan komputer setiap hari dalam kehidupan anda tanpa anda sedari

contohnya menggunakan mesin !M, kod bar di pasaraya dan kalkulator.

The first electronic computer, the lectronic #umerical Integrator and $omputer%#IA$&, was developed in '()*. It measured '+ feet by + feet and weighed -tons.Komputer electronic yang pertama adalah "lectronic #umerical Integrator dan

$omputer ("#I$) yang dicipta pada tahun %&'.

What are the Diere!t T"pes o Computers?

There are many types of computers, but perso!a# $omputers and #aptopcomputers are probably the two types of computers that you thin of first.ua jenis komputer utama yang harus diketahui ialah personal komputer dan laptop.

Desktop Computers

any people use %es&top $omputers, or destops as they are often referred to,at wor, home, school, or the library. They can be small, medium, or large instyle, and usually sit on a des. The term destop actually refers to the $asi!',

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or the to(er. /nce you add a monitor, mouse, and a eyboard, you have what istypically nown as a destop computer.*amai orang menggunakan desktop di rumah, tempat kerja, sekolah dan perpustakaan.Ianya boleh dalam bentuk yang kecil, sederhana atau besar. esktop sebenarnyamerujuk pada sarung(casing) atau menara. engan adanya monitor, tetikus and papankekunci maka wujudlah komputer.

ost destop computers are eas" to up'ra%eand e)pa!%, or add new parts. Inaddition to e0pandability, another benefit of destop computers is the $ost. If youcompare a destop computer with '1+ 2 of 3A and a 1 42 hard drive to alaptop with the same features, you will most liely find that the destop computeris priced lower.Kebanyakkan komputer mudah untuk di naik tara+ atau dikemaskini unrtuk membuat

penambahan selain daripada kosnya yang murah.

The term %es&top $omputeroriginated when the computer case was wide andflat, and was designed specifically to it o! "our %es&topwith the monitor on

top.esktop komputer mendapat nama berdasarkan rekabentuknya yang lebar danmendatar.

Laptop Computers

The second type of computer that you may be familiar with is a #aptop$omputer, or laptops as they are often referred to.

5aptops are battery or A$6powered personal computers that can be easi#"$arrie%and used in a variety of locations.Komputer laptop juga dikenali sebagai laptop. Ia menggunakan bateri dan mudah dibawa kemana-mana sahaja.

A 7uic glance at the size of a laptop and you might guess that it would be%ii$u#t to e)pa!% or up'ra%e. While the destop computer case is relativelyeasy to open and access internal components, the small laptop case maes thismore difficult in comparison.

8owever, the primar" *e!eit of a laptop computer is its small size and eas"porta*i#it". A #aptop computer is sometimes called a !ote*oo& $omputerbecause of its size.ekali pandang laptop kelihatan agak sukar untuk diterokai berbanding desktop. !etapilaptop adalah sangat mudah untuk dibawa kemana sahaja berbanding desktop. Ianya

juga dikenali sebagai komputer notebook kerana sainya.

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Are there Diere!t T"pes o Perso!a# Computers?

Two popular types of personal computers are the IBM $ompati*#e and

Ma$i!tosh computers. The first personal computer was produced by I2 in'(+' and was called the IBM PC. In '(+), Apple $omputer introduced theacintosh, or Ma$+ Although both I2 and Apple computers are personalcomputers, the term 9$ came to refer to I2 or I26compatible personalcomputers.ua buah komputer yang terkenal adalah IM ang dihasilkan pada tahun %&/% yangdisebut IM P$ dan Macintosh atau Mac diperkenalkan oleh pple $omputer padatahun %&/'.

Apple now produces a acintosh computer called the iMa$, which is a destopcomputer that features an a##,i!,o!e %esi'!. This means all the internalcomponents are located behind the monitor, rather than in a tower case, which iscustomary in destop computers.

pple saat ini menghasilkan komputer Macintosh yng dikenali sebagai iMac yangmemiliki ciri-ciri all-in-one design. ahagian dalamannya terletak di bahagian belakangmonitor berbanding komputer desktop.

Other T"pes o Computers

You may hear someone refer to a computer as a (or&statio! or a ser-er,

especially at wor. You may wonder how these two items are different fromdestop computers.esetengah orang merujuk komputer sebagai workstation(tempat kerja) atau ser0er(pelayan).

Wor&statio!sare similar to destop computers, but are more powerful and areusually connected to a networ. Ser-ersare specialized computers that storeand deliver, or :serve up,; information to other computers on a networ.1orkstation menyerupai desktop tapi lebih kuat dan biasanya disambungkan kepadarangkaian. er0er pula lebih kepada memberikan maklumat atau menyimpannya didalam komputer lain yang ada di dalam rangkaian.

There are many different types of servers such as i#e ser-ers, %ata*aseser-ers, and (e* ser-ers.


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!erdapat pelbagai jenis ser0er (pelayan) seperti +ile ser0er yang digunakan untukmenyimpan maklumat perniagaan, database ser0er dan web ser0ers yang merupakanrangkaian yang terbesar dan ia akan memaparkan ruangan yang anda kehendaki.

E)er$ise 1

'. What is a $omputer=

1. What is the difference between >estop $omputers and 5aptop $omputers=

-. 8ow many types of 9ersonal $omputers are there=

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Kesemua program yang ingin dilakukan perlu mendapat perhatian dari unitpemprosesan pusat ($P3) semasa melakukan sebarang tugas yang penggunamenyatakan iannya harus dilakukan.

These programs need memor" and stora'e, and need to be able to sendmessages to %e-i$essuch as the mouse and the printer to accomplish thesetass. The operating system is responsible for handling these areas, as well aspro$essorand !et(or& ma!a'eme!t.Program ini memerlukan memori dan simpanan dan boleh menghantar mesej kepada

peranti lain seperti tetikus dan pencetak untuk menyempurnakan tugas. Ianyabertanggungjawab untuk menangani processor and pengurusan rangkaian.

T"pes o Operati!' S"stems

icrosoft Windows, ac /B C, and 5inu0 5ogos /perating systems usuallycome pre#oa%e%on the destop and laptop computers that you can buy today.ost people use the operating system that comes with their computer, but it ispossible to upgrade or even change operating systems. The three most$ommo! operating systems for personal computers are Mi$rosot Wi!%o(s,App#e Ma$ OS 4, and Li!u)!erdapat tiga jenis 2perating ysyem (sistem operasi) yang biasa digunakan iaituMicroso+t 1indows, pple Mac 2 4 dan juga 5inu6.

Microsoft Windows

icrosoft created the operating system, Wi!%o(s, in the mid6'(+s. They havea version of the operating system that is designed for the home user, and aprofessional version, which is intended for businesses. Windows comespre#oa%e%on most of the 9$s sold today, and can also be purchased separatelyMicroso+t mencipta system operasi 1indows pada pertengahan %&/7 an. Merekamempunyai system operasi yang direka bagi pengguna di rumah dan golongan

pro+essional yang bertujuan untuk perniagaan. Ianya di muat turun pada P$ yang dibeli atau boleh di beli secara berasingan.

icrosoft has a big share of the operating system maret. According to webanalyst #et Bolutions, o-er 567of computer users have one of the Windowsoperating systems, such as Windows (+, Windows 1, Windows C9, or themost recent Windows Dista. Windows Dista and Windows C9 are often referredto as Dista and C9, respectively.Microso+t mempunyai share sistem operasi terbesar di pasaran.

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Apple Mac OS

Ma$ OSis a line of operating systems created by Apple Inc. The ac operatingsystem is proprietary software that comes preloaded on all new acintoshcomputers, or acs. The most recent version of the operating system is calledMa$ OS 4 %pronounced ac /6B Ten&. 5ie icrosoft, Apple offers aprofessional version of the operating system that is intended for use on serversand a version of the operating system that is developed for home users.

Linux

Li!u)is an ope! sour$e, or ree, operating system. nlie Windows and ac/B, 5inu0 is !ot proprietar" sot(areand all the computer code that is part ofthe operating system can be used and modified by any user. 5inu0 was started inthe '((s when 5inus Torvalds, a person interested in creating a free operatingsystem, developed the 5inu0 %pronounce lynn6u0& ernal, which is computer codethat is a central part of an operating system. As an open source software, anyindividual or company can tae the 5inu0 ernal and modify and add to it

E)er$ise .

'. What is an /perating Bystem and what does it do=

1. 8ow many types of operating systems are there= >escribe briefly.

LESSON 8 : PARTS O9 COMPUTER

Basi$ Parts o a Des&top Computer

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Mo!itor , The mo!itor wors with a -i%eo $ar%, located inside the computercase, to display images and te0t on the screen. The t(o mai! t"pesare cathoderay tube %$3T& and li7uid crystal display %5$>& monitors. The CRTmonitor is*i', lie a tube television, and taes up a lot of des spaceE however, it is theleast e0pensive monitor option. The LCDmonitor is thi!and saves energy, but

costs more. /ver the years you can e0pect to see fewer $3T monitors as 5$>monitors become the standard.Monitor bertindak sebagai kad 0ideo pada komputer dan memaparkan imej atau data

pada skrin komputer. !erdapat dua jenis iaitu cathode ray tube ($*!) dan li8uid crystaldisplay (5$) monitor. $*! lebih besar dan memakan ruang tetapi lebih murahberbanding 5$ yang nipis dan menjimatkan tenaga tetapi mahal.

Po(er Cor% , The power cord is the #i!& between the po(er out#etand thepo(er supp#" u!itin the computer casing. If the power cord is not plugged in,the computer will not power on. It is a good idea to eep the power cord pluggedinto an ninterruptable 9ower Bupply %9B&, which serves as a surge protectorwith its own temporary power source.

Power $ord adalah penghubung antara kabel elektrik dan unit bekalan kuasa padakomputer. !anpanya, komputer tidak dapat di hidupkan.

Mouse , The mouseis a periphera#that is nown as a poi!ti!' %e-i$e. It letsyou poi!tto ob@ects on the screen, $#i$&on them, and mo-ethem. 9reviously, itwas considered an optional device, but now all destop computers will come witha mouse. There are two main types of mice 66 optical and mechanical. Theopti$a#mouse uses an electronic eye to detect movement and is easier to clean.The me$ha!i$a# mouse uses a rolling ball to detect movement and is moredifficult to cleanE however, it is less e0pensive, so many computers come with amechanical mouse.

!etikus adalah alat yang dikenali sebagai peranti penunjuk. Ia membenarkan andamenunjuk objek yang berada di skrin komputer. ebelum ini ia dianggap sebagai

peranti pilihan, tetapi sekarang setiap komputer desktop didatangi bersama dengantetikus.da dua jenis utama tikus - optik yang menggunakan mata electronik untuk mengesangerakan dan mudah dibersihkan manakala mekanik menggunakan bola gegiling untuk mengesan

pergerakkan dan sukar di bersihkan.

Pri!ter ,A pri!teris a periphera#that is used to print, or produce, a version ofwhat appears on the screen in a har%$op" format. There are many types ofprinters available including in6@et, laser6@et, and photo printers. Also, combinationprinters that include scanners and copiers are increasing in popularity.Printer ialah pencetak yang di pasang pada komputer untuk mencetak dokumen yang

terpapar pada skrin komputer.

S$a!!ers ,A s$a!!erallows you to $op" a! ima'e or %o$ume!tand save it inelectronic form onto your computer. While you can purchase a hand6held andflatbed scanners, you are more liely to purchase a scanner as an all6in6oneoption that combines a scanner, printer, and copier into one product.

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canners digunakan untuk memuat turun gambar atau dokumen dari sekeping kertaskedalam komputer.

9ro!t o Computer Case

Po(er Butto!6The po(er *utto!is used to power the computer on and off.Power button digunakan untuk menghidupkan komputer.

CD,ROM Dri-e Compa$t Dis& Rea%,O!#" Memor";, also nown as anopti$a# %ri-e, allows you to play a $>63/ , @ust lie a $> player allows youto listen to music. With a $>63/ drive you can #iste!to music -ie( i#es,and i!sta## sot(are that is located on a $>. A CD (riteris a device thatcan be used in con@unction with a $>63/ drive and allows you to copy or

burn information onto specific types of $>s called $>63W %$ompact >is3eWritable& and $>63 %$ompact >is63ecordable& discs.$-*2M hanya mambenarkan anda mendengar muzik, melihat fail dan memuatturun program kedalam komputer eranding CD writer! CD Witermemolehkan anda untuk men"impan dan memuat turun maklumat darikomputer ke dalam disk!

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Ba$& o Computer Case

Ether!et Port , This port loos a lot lie the mo%emor telephone port but it isactually (i%er. You can use this port for !et(or&i!'and also connecting to

the Internet."thernet Port kelihatan seperti moden tetapi ianya meluas dan digunakan untukmelayari internet.


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Internet, allowing a user in another location the ability to see the video in real6time. Web cameras are used often in business for video conferences, and arealso a great tool for families to use to stay connected from different parts of theworld.1eb camera atau web cam digunakan untuk memaparkan imej atau rakaman 0ideo.oleh digunakan secara langsung di internet.

3o"sti$& or /ame Co!tro##erG A o"sti$& is a lever used while playing acomputer game.A is a ha!%he#% $omputer that canhave a variety of features including a calendar, Internet access, video recording,word processing, email access, phone, media player, and more. ost 9>As canbe synchronized with a 9$ to allow up6to6date contact information stored onsoftware such as icrosoft /utloo, 3BB feeds, or other web updates.P adalah komputer genggam yang mempunyai pelbagai +ungsi. Ia boleh diselarikandengan komputer untuk membolehkan maklumat disimpan didalam peranti perisianseperti Microso+t 2utlook, * +eeds dan lain-lain.

MP8 P#a"ersG An MP8 p#a"eris a porta*#e %e-i$ethat stores, organizes, andp#a"saudio files. The player can read files that are recorded from a $> using acomputer, or downloaded from various sites via the Internet.Pemain MP> adalah peranti mudah alih yang menyimpan dan munyusun +ail audio.Pemain boleh membaca +ail yang dirakam dari $ menggunakan komputer atau muatturun dari internet.

E)er$ise 8

'. 5ist out the 2asic 9arts of $omputers.

1. >escribe briefly the parts you can see in front of a computer case.

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-. >escribe briefly the parts you can see at the bac of a computer case.

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LESSON @ : A Loo& I!si%e a Des&top Computer

The Ce!tra# Pro$essi!' U!it CPU;also called apro$essor, is located inside the $omputer $aseonthe motherboard. It is often called the brain of thecomputer, or the computer!s engine. Its @ob is to carryout commands. Whenever you press a ey, clic themouse, or start an application, you!re sendinginstructions to the $9.$P3 juga dikenali sebagai processor yang berada di

motherboard.


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This short,term memor" %isappears when the computer is turned off, soalways save your file before turning off the machine. When you save a file, youare saving it to long6term storage that does not disappear when the computer isturned off. The more RAMyou have, the more things your computer can do atthe same time, and the asteryour computer performs certain tass. 3A is

measured in me'a*"tes MB; or 'i'a*"tes /B;.Maklumat yang disimpan didalam *M tidak kekal dan akan hilang bila komputerditutup. *M yang banyak membolehkan anda melakukan banyak kerja serentakdalam masa yang sama. *am diukur dalam megabytes (M) atau gigabytes (=).

Mother*oar% , The mother*oar%is the computer!s mai! $ir$uit *oar%. It!s athin plate that holds the $9 %$entral 9rocessing nit&, memory, connectors forthe hard drive and optical drives, e0pansion cards to control the video and audio,as well as various e0ternal ports and peripherals. The motherboard connectsdirectly or indirectly to every part of the computer.Motherboard adalah kad electronic yang memegang +ungsi setiap port luaran dan

peripheral pada $P3 yang ber+ungsi secara langsung atau tidak pada setiap bahagian

pada komputer.>ar% Dis& Dri-e , The har% %is& %ri-eis the%ata $e!ter of the computer. All of yourprograms are stored here. The hard dis driveis #o!',term stora'e where information isstore% perma!e!t#". When you use a wordprocessing program, the computer loads theinstructions from long6term storage %your harddis& into short6term memory. 8ard disspee% determines how fast your computerstarts up and loads programs. The hard dis

is called the $ drive on most computers.;ard isk juga disebut sebagai dri0e $ dan

merupakan pusat data komputer. emua maklumat disimpan kekal disini.

E)pa!sio! Car% , An e)pa!sio! $ar% is a card which you can install to e0panda computer!s capabilities. 0pansion cards are inserted into e)pa!sio! s#otsonthe motherboard.


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ingin bermain permainan gra+ik yang intensi+. =ra+ik kad yang bagus menentukanpermainan yang bagus.

Sou!% Car% , The sou!% $ar%, also called an audio card, is another type ofe0pansion card. It lets the computer play sounds through speaers. Bomemotherboards feature integrated sound, and do not re7uire a separate soundcard.ound $ard juga dikenali sebagai kad audio dan membolehkan bunyi dimainkan melalui

pembesar suara.

Net(or& $ar% , The !et(or& $ar% allows yourcomputer to $ommu!i$ate over a networ. Withthe networ card you can set up a home networwith a few computers and connect them by viathernet cords or wirelessly. #etwor cards used tobe e0pansion cards that plugged into themotherboardE however, most newer computers

have a networ interface built into the motherboard.#etwork card membolehkan komputer berkomunikasi

melalui rangkaian disamping menghubungkan komputer dengan komputer lain melaluikabel ethernet. Ianya disambungkan pada motherboard.

Po(er Supp#" U!it , The power supply unit in acomputer $o!-erts the po(erfrom the wall outletto the type of power needed by the computer. Itsends power through the cables to the motherboardand other components.

Power upply 3nit menyambungkan kuasa elektrik darisoket dinding kepada komputer.

E)er$ise @

'. What is $9= >escribe briefly.

1. What is 3A= >escribe briefly.

-. 5ist out other parts of a Bystem nits.

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LESSON : Basi$ Parts o Laptop Computer a!% Net(or&s

The basic parts of a laptop computer are the s$ree!, &e"*oar%, tou$hpa%,

spea&ers, *atter", and AC a%aptor. 2eyond these basic parts are the hardwareitems located inside the laptop, and the periphera#s, which are optio!a# pie$eso har%(arethat enables the computer to accomplish additional tass.elain bahagian yang sedia ada pada komputer, terdapat juga peranti keras yangdigunakan untuk menyelesaikan tugas-tugas tambahan.

Mo!itor , The mo!itor, which resembles a television screen, is where thecomputer displays te0t and pictures.Monitor menyerupai tele0ision di mana data yang telah diproses dipaparkan pada skrinkomputer.

e"*oar% , The &e"*oar%is a piece of hardware that resembles a typewriter

eyboard. It is one of the primary ways "ou $ommu!i$atewith the computerand enter data.Keyboard adalah alat yang digunakan untuk memasukkan data kedalam komputer.

Spea&ers , Spea&ersare usually sma##and built into the screen or the body ofthe laptop. In the image, the e0ample laptop has speaers in the body, or laptopcasing. The speaers allow you to hear computer sounds, audio streamed fromthe Internet, $>s and >D>s, and more.peaker kebiasaaanya sudah tersedia pada laptop. Ia digunakan untuk mendengarsuara atau audio dari komputer.

Tou$hpa% , /n a laptop, a tou$hpa%is a substitute for the mouse. ove yourfinger on the touchpad to move around the screen and select te0t and [email protected] buttons below the touchpad operate lie mouse buttons.!ouchpad adalah pengganti kepada tetikus. utang dibawah touchpad ber+ungsiseperti butang tetikus.

Laptop Batter" 6 The *atter"on a laptop serves as its life6line. A laptop willwor without a battery if it is receiving power from a power adapter. The batteryallows you to be more mo*i#ewithout having to be near a power outlet for ane0tended period of time. ost laptop batteries will last for about '.H61 hoursbefore needing to be recharged. If your battery dies or has a defect you can buy

a new one from your computers manufacturer or a local computer or electronicsstore.5aptop attery ber+ungsi sebagai nyawa kepada laptop. 5aptop boleh ber+ungsi tanpa

perlu sambungan dengan soket tetapi menerima tenaga dari adapter atau bateri.

AC A%aptor , The A$ Adaptor is the source of e#e$tri$ po(erfor a laptop. Thepower adapter does two @obs when it is plugged in. It powers the laptop andcharges the battery.

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$ daptor adalah sumber tenaga kepada laptop. Ianya melakukan dua pekerjaanketika disambungkan kepada soket elektrik iaitu kekuasaan dan penyimpanan tenaga.

What T"pes o Net(or&s Are There?

There are two types of networs, (ire% and (ire#ess. 2oth types of networshave advantages and disadvantages. If you decide to create a home networ,you!ll have to weight the benefits and drawbacs of both types to determinewhich is best for your situation.!erdapt dua jenis jaringan iaitu kabel dan wireless (tanpa wayar). Kedua-duanyamempunyai kebaikan dan keburukan masing-masing.

Wire% Net(or&s

Wired networs are aster tha! (ire#ess !et(or&s, and are generally veryaffordable. If the computers are far apart andFor your house is big, you will wantto consider the cost of the cable. While cable is not very e0pensive, the cost ofhaving someone to install it can be.Penggunaan kabel lebih cepat daripada wireless dan mampu di langgani.

Wire#ess Net(or&s

Wireless networs use ra%io (a-es instead of wires to transmit information. Awireless router receives the information and then sends it to the Internet using awired connection, an thernet cable.*angkaian wireless menggunakan gelombang radio sebagai pengganti kabel untukmenghantar maklumat.

/ne of the primary advantages of this type of networ is that it offers you a greatdeal of fle0ibility. If you have a laptop, you can move it from room to room in the

house, and sometimes right outside the house, without having to worry aboutconnecting networ cables. Also, installation is really very 7uic and easy.Kebaikkannya adalah, ianya mudah alih dan +leksible.

The disadvantages of this type of networ is that wireless connections aret"pi$a##" s#o(erthan wired connections, and can also that the connection cansometimes fail due to range issues.

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#eurukkann"a adalah ian"a lamat dan kadang kala sukar untuk mendapatkanliputan!

Bu"i!' a Computer: @ Thi!'s to !o(

8ere are four tips to help you *eoreand %uri!'this important shopping tripG

E%u$ate 0ourse#. any stores have nowledgeable salespeople that can giveyou useful information about the products, but a lot of this computer informationis pro%u$t,spe$ii$. ?eep in mind that the salesperson!s primary goal is to maea sale, therefore, it is important that you spend the time to educate yourself aboutthe computer features you need including the operating system, processor, harddrive, and memory. You may want to read our article $hoosing a $omputerThat!s 3ight for Youto help you determine your needs.Kebanyakkan kedai yang menjual komputer mempunyai pengetahuan mengenainya.


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You may find that the a%-ertise% rate of the really low6priced items do notinclude the monitor, or some other necessary component. The advertised pricesometimes may be the "after6rebate" amount. This is important to rememberbecause regardless of the final price, "after6rebate" sales mean that you must

have the full dollar amount with you at the time of purchase. 3ead the ads andprice tags closely 6 you will often find these details in the fine print.Kebiasaanya harga rendah yang ditawarkan adalah tidak termasuk monitor ataubahagian lain yang diperlukan. dalah sangat penting untuk membaca iklan denganbetul kerana kebiasaanya butiran-butiran ini akan dicetak halus untuk mengelirukan

pembeli.

Be(are o >i%%e! Costs. 3ecently I decided to purchase a #aptop $omputer.I determined how much money I could spend, researched the product choices,reviewed stores ads, and narrowed down the possible choices to two products. Iwent to a chain electronics store and I made the big decision. What I forgot tofactor in was the laptop bag, e0tra battery, and e0ternal speaers. All of that putme well over my price range. The same thi!' $a! happe! (ith "our $omputer

pur$hase i "ou are !ot $areu#+erhati-hati dengan kos tersembunyi. Kos ini akan menyebabkan anda berbelanja lebihdaripada yang sepatutnya apabila membeli laptop atau komputer.

Thin through the things you will need to go along with the item. Bome common"hidden" costsGo 0tended warranties

o Boftware upgrades

o #ecessary memory upgrades

o Anti6virus software

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Memilih dan membeli komputer boleh menjadi satu proses yang luar biasa tetapi jikaanda kekalkan empat tips di minda anda, anda akan dapat membawa pulang sebuahkomputer yang memenuhi kehendak anda dan dalam harga yang anda harapkan.

Choosi!' a Computer That2s Ri'ht or 0ou

Des&top or #aptop66 ach type has its own advantages and disadvantages.Des&topsgenerally start at a lower price and offer more in terms of hard drivecapacity and memory options. Also, additions and repairs for destop computerstend to cost less. The obvious downside is that destops tae up a lot of physicalspace. Laptops, on the other hand, are mobile units that you can carryanywhere.etiap jenis mempunyai kelebihan dan kekurangan tersendiri. esktop kebiasaanyamurah tetapi ianya memekan ruang. erlainan pula dengan laptop yang berhargamahal tetapi mudah dibawa kemana sahaja.

Operati!' S"stem6 The operating system is the basic software that allows youto use the computer. ost 9$s come preloaded with the operating system,icrosoft Windows. acintosh computers, or acs as they are often called,come preloaded with ac /B C. While Windows is used by more people, Applehas become nown for producing solid, reliable products and has 7uite afollowingE however, you can e0pect to pay more for a basic ac than a 9$ withsimilar features. If you are purchasing more high6end models, you will find that

the prices of the acs and 9$s are comparable. ltimately, it comes down tochoosing a model you are comfortable with.2perating ystem atau s"stem operasi adalah perisian asas "ang memolehkananda menggunakan komputer! #ean"akkan $C datang ersama operatings"stem!

Pro$essor 6 The $9 is the brain of the computer and everything that thecomputer does is managed by the $9. A lot of the machines advertised noware - gigahertzE however, for most people 1 gigahertz will suffice.Processor adalah otak kepada komputer dan segala yang dilakukan adalah arahan dari$P3.

>ar% %ri-e 6 The hard drive is the permanent storage that is used to holdprograms and documents. Btorage is relatively cheap, so buy as much as youmay need. If you download a lot of music or do any serious video editing orgraphics wor, ' gigabytes %42& is the minimum you should even consider.;ard dri0e adalah simpanan kekal yang digunakan untuk menyimpan program dandokumen pada komputer.

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Memor" 6 The programs you use on your computer can 7uicly use up yourmemory. Bome of the "bargain" computers only give you 1H* megabytes %2& of3A, but that is not sufficient. You will want at least ' 42.Program yang anda gunakan di komputer anda dengan cepat akan menghabiskanmemory komputer anda. D> burner. If you only need to be able tocopy documents onto a dis, then you can simply shop for a $> burner.@ikirkan secara serius apa yang anda apa yang anda ingin lakukan pada komputeranda.anda memerlukan 9 burner jika anda ingin membeli 0ideo atau muik dariinternet.

9urchasing a computer can be overwhelming and all the options can mae itdifficult to compare and price6shopE however, if you create a list using the points

discussed above and compare the models from store to store, you will be able towisely evaluate your options. Try not to get distracted by the e0tra features thatyou may not use and remember that this will be a machine that you and yourfamily will use 6 not the salesman. 5oo for a computer that will meet your needsand have fun shoppingKPembelian komputer boleh menjadi luar biasa dan setiap pilihan menjadikannya amatsukar untuk dibandingkan begitu juga harganya. !etapi, jika anda telah melakukansenarai mengenai komputer yang anda inginkan, jadi proses pemilihan akan menjadilebih mudah kerana anda sudah tahu apa yang anda mahukan.

Computer Literacy 2010

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