Computer harware
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Transcript of Computer harware
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Computer HardwareComputer Hardware
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Overview of Computer SystemsOverview of Computer Systems
ComputerComputer – device that performs stored – device that performs stored instructions.instructions.
ProgramProgram – instructions for computers to – instructions for computers to perform tasks.perform tasks.
Computer systemComputer system – consist of computers – consist of computers and other peripheral devices. and other peripheral devices.
HardwareHardware – physical components of a – physical components of a computer systemcomputer system
SoftwareSoftware - programs - programs
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Basic Model of Computer SystemBasic Model of Computer System
CPU
RAM ROM
INPUT DEVICES
OUTPUT DEVICES
STORAGEDEVICES
ALUControl
Unit
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Performance variables of ITPerformance variables of IT
Functional capabilitiesFunctional capabilities Ease of useEase of use CompatibilityCompatibility MaintainabilityMaintainability
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Measuring functional capabilitiesMeasuring functional capabilities
Amounts of dataAmounts of data TimeTime Rate of data transferRate of data transfer Internal clock speed & transmission Internal clock speed & transmission
frequencyfrequency Speed of executing instructionsSpeed of executing instructions
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Machine representation of dataMachine representation of data
On = 1On = 1
Off = 0Off = 0
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Number systemsNumber systems
Decimal systemDecimal system Binary systemBinary system Hexadecimal systemHexadecimal system Octal systemOctal system
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Coding data for computer Coding data for computer processingprocessing
Binary representation of numbersBinary representation of numbers• E.g. 7 = 111E.g. 7 = 111
Binary representation of textBinary representation of text• E.g. Letter “A” is 01000001E.g. Letter “A” is 01000001
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Measuring amounts of dataMeasuring amounts of data
Bit - a binary digitBit - a binary digit Byte = 8 bits Byte = 8 bits Kilobyte = 1024 bytesKilobyte = 1024 bytes Megabyte = 1024 KilobytesMegabyte = 1024 Kilobytes Gigabyte = 1024 MegabytesGigabyte = 1024 Megabytes Terabyte = 1024 GigabytesTerabyte = 1024 Gigabytes
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Measuring timeMeasuring time
Millisecond = 10Millisecond = 10-3-3 second second Microsecond = 10Microsecond = 10-6-6 second second Nanosecond = 10Nanosecond = 10-9-9 second second Picosecond = 10Picosecond = 10-12-12 second second
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Measuring rate of data transferMeasuring rate of data transfer
Bps – Bit/secBps – Bit/sec Kbps – Kilobit/secKbps – Kilobit/sec Mbps – Megabit/secMbps – Megabit/sec Gbps – Gigabit/secGbps – Gigabit/sec
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Measuring clock speedMeasuring clock speed
Hz – HertzHz – Hertz KHz – KilohertzKHz – Kilohertz MHz – MegahertzMHz – Megahertz GHz - GigahertzGHz - Gigahertz
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Measuring speed of executing Measuring speed of executing instructionsinstructions
MIPS – Millions of instructions per MIPS – Millions of instructions per secondsecond
FLOPS – Floating point operations per FLOPS – Floating point operations per secondsecond
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Ease of useEase of use
Related to size, weight, portability, Related to size, weight, portability, user interface, ergonomicsuser interface, ergonomics
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CompatibilityCompatibility
Conformance to standardsConformance to standards Usability in combination or as Usability in combination or as
substitute to other similar substitute to other similar technologies.technologies.
InterchangeabilityInterchangeability
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MaintainabilityMaintainability
Keeping the technology runningKeeping the technology running Related to modularityRelated to modularity Ease of upgradingEase of upgrading
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Types of ComputersTypes of Computers
MainframeMainframe Midrange computerMidrange computer Personal computerPersonal computer
• Laptop/NotebookLaptop/Notebook• WorkstationWorkstation• ServersServers
Supercomputer Supercomputer Embedded computerEmbedded computer
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Computer System ArchitectureComputer System Architecture
Centralized computingCentralized computing Distributed computingDistributed computing Personal computingPersonal computing Network computingNetwork computing Client-Server computingClient-Server computing
• Thick client vs. Thin clientThick client vs. Thin client
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Centralized computingCentralized computing
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Distributed computingDistributed computing
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Personal computingPersonal computing
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Network computingNetwork computing
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Approaches for increasing Approaches for increasing computer performancecomputer performance
Faster and more powerful processorsFaster and more powerful processors Improved instruction setImproved instruction set Specialized processorsSpecialized processors Parallel processingParallel processing
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Input DevicesInput Devices
Keyboards and pointing devicesKeyboards and pointing devices OCR / MICROCR / MICR Voice recognitionVoice recognition Digital cameraDigital camera
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Storage DevicesStorage Devices
Paper and micrographicsPaper and micrographics Magnetic tapes and disksMagnetic tapes and disks Optical disksOptical disks Flash memoryFlash memory
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Output DevicesOutput Devices
Screen outputsScreen outputs Paper outputsPaper outputs Audio outputsAudio outputs