Computer GraphicsComputer GraphicsComputer GraphicsComputer Graphics

Prof. Muhammad Saeed

Hardware(Display Technologies and Devices)

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Organic LED Arrays

Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) Arrays

The display of the future?

OLED are: Transparent Flexible Light-emitting, and quite bright (daylight visible) Large viewing angle Fast (< 1 microsecond off-on-off) Can be made large or small Available for cell phones and car stereos

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FED:FED:

• Field Emissive Displays were once heir to CRT throne• Super-small emitters of electrons attracted to front

glass• Super-fine pixel pitch (comparable to OLEDs)• High brightness,

wide viewing angles,saturated color

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FED’s use an array of carbon nanotubes for emission of electrons

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SED uses an emitter array based on palladium oxide

SED (Surface-conduction Electron-emitter Display)

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iMod:iMod:

• Interferometric Modulator uses natural reflective principles (interferometer)

• Two-position pixel reflects or absorbs light

• RGB stripes are used for color imaging

• Initial target is handheld electronics, near-to-eye

• Marketed in May 2008 for mobile displays

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EL DisplayEL Display

• Electroluminescent display uses a common-color phosphor emitter (blue)

• Color filters (stripes) provide R, G, B imaging• Matrix of electrodes for pixel activation• Bright display, wide viewing angles• Similar to LCD with single-color backlight• Similar to plasma with emissive operation

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Electronic Paper

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Microsoft Surface Technology

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Wall Display

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3D Dislplays With GlassesOur two eyes see two different images and this produces the 3D perception of depth. Two images are produced in the display and we have to wear glasses to see 3D image getting different images for two eyes.Active-shutter glasses are actually small LCD screens that alternately dim the left and right "lenses" in succession. They rely on an infrared signal emitter in the TV that tells each pair of glasses when they should dim each lens, so each eye can see the image intended for it. Since active-shutter glasses are fairly complicated electronics, they're pricey: A typical pair usually runs about $150. They depend on

batteries to keep running Continued ….. 11

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……. 3D Dislplays With Glasses

Passive 3D glasses, on the other hand, are sort of like a pair of specially designed polarized sunglasses. Polarized 3D glasses block different kinds of light from each eye, creating the illusion of depth. That means you don't need any kind of expensive, delicate electronics in the glasses themselves, nor do you need a proprietary infrared emitter to sync with the glasses--but since each lens is blocking out light, you're technically not getting a full 1080p image for each eye, though your brain should be perceiving a 1080p image when it puts the two together.

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3D Dislplays Without Glasses(Autosetreoscopic)Among various display technologies , autostereoscopic displays such as volumetric, lenticular, parallax barrier, integral photography, and hologram displays, present a 3D image to a viewer without wearing glasses or other aids. Autostereoscopic systems display many different view images in time or spatially. Among them, lenticular display is easily manufacturable, provides high brightness, and generates multiple views.In the lenticular display, the LCD pixel array is located at the focal plane of a lenticular sheet.  Lenticules are tiny lenses on the base side of a special film. Lenticules refract the lights from LCD pixel array, and make different images observed depending on the viewer’s eye position. Since the images viewed from left and right eyes are different, we may generate stereoscopic information or 3D image display. It interlaces two images.  it depends upon the audience being

in a sweet spot to get the 3-D effect. Continued …..

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…….. 3D Dislplays Without Glasses

Video

A parallax barrier is a device placed in front of an image source, such as a liquid crystal display, to allow it to show a stereoscopic image or multiscopic image without the need for the viewer to wear 3D glasses. Placed in front of the normal LCD, it consists of a layer of material with a series of precision slits, allowing each eye to see a different set of pixels, so creating a sense of depth through parallax. A disadvantage of the technology is that the viewer must be positioned in a well-defined spot to experience the 3D effect. Another disadvantage is that the effective horizontal pixel count viewable for each eye is reduced by one half.

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Holographic Displays

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Raster and Vector Display

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Raster GraphicsRaster Graphics Monitors

How to generate a line using rasters

A line is represented by assigning some pixels a value of 1The entire line is specified by the pixel values

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Vector GraphicsVector GraphicsPlotters

How to generate an image using vectors

A line is represented by endpoints (50,50) to (120,150)The points along the line are computed using a line equation

y = mx + b

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Bitmap Images vs Vector Images

                                        

        

Enlarging a bitmap imagesimply enlarges the individual dots of color. The result is bigger, chunkier dots, with no additional detail.

           

             

                                        

        

When a vector image isenlarged, it is re-drawn at ahigher resolution, displaying as much detail as possible from the original image.

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ENDHardware IV

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