Computer Fundamentals by B. Nitin
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ComputerFundamentals
by
B. Nitin
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Introduction to Computers
Computer :
An electronic, digital
device that stores andprocesses information.
A machine that accepts
input, processes it
according to specified
rules, and produces
output.
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Types of Computers
Super Computer
Mainframe Computer
Mini Computer
Micro Computer
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History of Computers
1st Generation1942 - 1955
2nd Generation
1955 - 1964 3rd Generation
1964 - 1975
4th
Generation1975 - 1989
5th Generation1989 Till Date
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The Actual Computer
Computer" is a
collection of devices
that function as a
unit.The most basic
collection includes
a Computer CPU, a
Monitor, a
Keyboard, and a
Mouse.
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Computer Components
A computer is an electronic devicewhich stores and processesinformation. To function effectively, a
computer must perform several typesof functions.
Each function is handled by aseparate component.
Basically, there are four types ofcomponents:
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Input Devices
A computer cannot generate new ideas byitself like Human brain.
A computer must receive information or
instructions from elsewhere.
You communicate with your computer
through an input device.
A computer must have at least one inputdevice..
Input devices as follows:
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Keyboard
with
Cooling Fan
Ergonomic
Natural
Flexible Keyboard
Wireless Keyboard
Virtual Keyboard
Input Devices - Keyboard
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Mechanical MouseOptical MouseWireless Mouse
Input Devices - Mouse
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Input Devices - Trackball
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Input Devices - Tablet
(used by some drawing or painting programs)
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Input Devices - Touch Screen
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Flat Bed ScannerHand Held Scanners
Input Devices - Scanner
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Output Devices
In order to convey information back to theuser, a computer must have a way oftalking back.
The output device is the mouth of thecomputer, or the way it sends outinformation.
Examples of output devices include:
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Output Devices Monitor
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Output Devices - Projector
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Output Devices Printer &Plotter
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Central Processing Units
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Block Diagram of CPU
Input
Unit
Output
Unit
SecondaryStorage
(Working
Memory)
Secondary
Storage
ControlUnit
Arithmetic
Logic Unit
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Memory
Primary Secondary
RAM
ROM
SRAM
DRAM
Floppy Disks
HDD
Optical Disks
Pen Drive
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Primary Memory
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Secondary Memory
The computer must have a place to
store all of the information it
processes.
A storage unit can be any medium in
which that information is stored.
Examples of storage units include:
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Storage Units
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Memory Units
Yotta
Bytes
Yb10008
ZettaBytes
Zb10007
Exa BytesEb10006
Peta BytesPb10005
Tera BytesTb10004
Giga BytesGb10003
Mega
Bytes
Mb10002
Kilo BytesKb1000
NameSI UnitValue
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Components of Computer
BIOS
(Basic
Input /Output
System
MotherBoard
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Other Components of Computer
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Total Hardware Components
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b iti d b@ ilEnd of Chapter 1 &
