Computer Communication & Networks
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Transcript of Computer Communication & Networks
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Computer Communication & Networks
Lecture 8Physical Layer: Transmission Media
http://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/CMS/coeCCNbsSp09/index.asp
Waleed [email protected]
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Physical Layer
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Physical Layer Topics to CoverSignals
Digital TransmissionAnalog Transmission
Multiplexing
Transmission Media
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Transmission Medium and Physical Layer
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Twisted-pair Cable
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Categories of unshielded twisted-pair cables
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Twisted Pair Cable
(a) Category 3 UTP(b) Category 5 UTP
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UTP connector
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Twisted Pair Cables (Example) ADSL Ethernet networks
- 10BASE-T
- 100BASE-TX
- 1000BASE-T
- 1000BASE-TX (Cat5e (enhanced))
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UTP Performance
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Twisted Pair Cable (Pros & Cons)Pros: easy to understand mass production - low cost most widely used medium
Cons: prone to electromagnetic interference
in power plants, airport buildings, military facilities, cars…
Note:In-building networks at our university are almost all
twisted pair
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Coaxial cable
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BNC connectors
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Performance Coaxial Cable
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Bending of light ray
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Optical fiber
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Propagation Modes
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Modes
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Fiber types
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Fiber construction
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Fiber-optic Cable Connectors
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Performance Optical Fiber
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Optical Fiber (Pros & Cons)
Pros: Low attenuation Large bandwidth
Cons: Relatively “new” technology “Expensive”
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Comparing optical fiber to UTPPros: Immune to electro-magnetic interference
no crosstalk Reduced need for error detection and correction Enables longer link distances Attenuation unaffected by transmission rate Easier network upgrade Can combine different services: telephony, TV, internet…
Cons: Optical components have higher cost Expensive deploying protocols
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Unguided Media: Wireless
Unguided media transport electromagnetic waves without using a physical conductor. This type of communication is often referred to as wireless communication.
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Wireless
Modern wireless digital communication began in the Hawaiian Islands
What is “the best” frequency to use for communication?
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Propagation Methods
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Bands
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Wireless Transmission Waves
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Omni directional Antenna
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Radio waves are used for multicast communications, such as radio and
television, and paging systems.
Note
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Unidirectional Antennas
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Microwaves are used for unicast communication such as cellular telephones, satellite networks,
and wireless LANs.
Note
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Infrared signals can be used for short-range communication in a closed area
using line-of-sight propagation.
Note
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Readings
Chapter 7 (B.A Forouzan) Section 7.1, 7.2
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