Computer Architecture - es.cs.uni-frankfurt.de · Computer Architecture – Part 1 – page 3 of 27...

Hier wird Wissen Wirklichkeit Computer Architecture – Part 1 – page 1 of 27 – Prof. Dr. Uwe Brinkschulte, M.Sc. Benjamin Betting

Part 1 Introduction

Computer Architecture

Slide Sets

WS 2013/2014

Prof. Dr. Uwe Brinkschulte M.Sc. Benjamin Betting


Prof. Dr. Uwe Brinkschulte Chair for Embedded Systems [email protected] Robert-Mayer-Straße 11-15 Secretary: Linda Stapleton, room 211a [email protected]


Lecture Canon

Hardware-Architektur & Rechnersysteme SS

Computer Architecture WS

Rechnertechnologie SS

Eingebettete Systeme SS

Ausgewählte Themen bei Eingebetteten Systemen - Organic Computing SS/WS

Praktikum Grundlagen Hardwaresysteme WS/SS

Praktikum Mikrocontroller & Eingebettete Systeme (Master) WS

Praktikum Eingebettete Systeme (Bachelor) WS


Research Area:

Hard- and Software for Embedded Systems Especially:

• Microcontroller & Microprozessors • Embedded Real-time Systems • Distributed Embedded Systems • Real-time Middleware • Organic Computing • Self-Organization and Real-time • Dependable Embedded Systems


Some Projects

Middlewarekern OSA+

Anwen-dungs-dienst

Anwen-dungs-dienst

…

Basis-dienste

Erwei-terungs-dienste

Komodo CAR-SoC CARISMA

DODOrg

OSA+ REMIS

MixedCoreSoC


Computer Architecture 3 L + 1 E

Lecture: Time and place: Wednesday, 12:15 - 14:45, break at 13:30 - 13:45, SR 307, RM 11-15 Exercise: Time and place: Thursday, 12:00 - 13:00, SR 307, RM 11-15 Exercise start: Thur. October 31th. Courses: Bachelor, Master, Bioinformatik, L3, (CSC Master expiring) ECTS-Credits: 6 Language: English or German

Computer Architecture – Part 1 – page 6 of 27 – Prof. Dr. Uwe Brinkschulte, M.Sc. Benjamin Betting


People / Office Hours

Lecture

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Uwe Brinkschulte

Institut für Informatik Eingebettete Systeme Robert-Mayer-Str. 11-15 60325 Frankfurt Room 210 Phone 069/798-28234 [email protected]

Office Hour: on appointment

Exercise

M.Sc. Benjamin Betting

Institut für Informatik Eingebettete Systeme Robert-Mayer-Str. 11-15 60325 Frankfurt Room 212 Phone 069/798-28252 [email protected]

Office Hour: We. 11:00-12:00 and on appointment

Computer Architecture – Part 1 – page 7 of 27 – Prof. Dr. Uwe Brinkschulte, M.Sc. Benjamin Betting


Slides available at:

http://www.es.cs.uni-frankfurt.de



Literature: • David A. Patterson, John L. Hennessy: Computer Organization and Design – The Hardware/Software Interface, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers • Jurij Silc, Borut Robic, Theo Ungerer: Processor Architecture, Springer Verlag • Uwe Brinkschulte, Theo Ungerer: Mikrocontroller & Mikroprcessoren, Springer Verlag (German)



Content: Fundamentals 01. Introduction 02. Microprocessor Development 03. Fundamentals in Computer Architecture 04. Fundamentals in Computer Technology 05. Fundamentals in Computer Design 06. Fundamentals in Performance Evaluation



Content (cont.): Current Microprocessor-Architectures 07. Instruction Set Architecture 08. Instruction Level Parallelism - Pipelining 09. Instruction Level Parallelism - Concurrency 10. Thread and Task Level Parallelism Memory-Systems 11. Memory Management 12. Memory Hierarchy and Caches


Architecture … „The types of architecture are established not by architects but by society, according to the needs of the different institutions. Society sets the goals and assigns to the architect the job of finding the means of achieving them.“ (Encyclopaedia Britannica)


Architecture in general follows one or more different goals (functionalities).

These functionalities can be specified by types

Architecture (construction)

Example:

• architecture type 1 (private goals): {home building, factory, ...}

• architecture type 2 (public goals): {sports arena, hospital, railway station, airport, ...}

. .

Architecture (construction) vs. Computer architecture


Computer Architecture computer architecture type 1: {universal computer}

computer architecture type 2: {special computer}

computer architecture type special computer: {signal processing computer, simulation computer, graphics computer, …}

summary: The increasing importance of embedded and networked systems in future will create further types in computer architecture concerning their functionality.



Note: The term “architecture” is also frequently used in other context as e.g.:

• system architecture • software architecture • chip architecture



Beside the most important functional concept of the architecture, several nonfunctional constraints has to be considered for the design.

Some of these nonfunctional constraints are:

• speed

• performance

• security

• safety

• scalability

• power awareness etc.

The design process of computer architectures is controlled and directed by these nonfunctional constraints.

Nonfunctional constraints


Parallel Computing

Superscalar

VLIW

Multi-threaded

SMP

Multi-core FPGA

Microgrid Parallel embedded system (MPSoC)

Cluster of workstations

Grid computing

Public resource computing

network

Multi-Processing

High Performance Computing

Instruction-level Parallelism


Topics

© C. Müller-Schloer 2003

The Information Technology (IT) is based more and more on completely networked systems, so called

ubiquitous computing systems

with

• adaptive, flexible and biologically inspired cooperative system behavior

• a comfortable user interface

Systems with these features are called „Organic“ which refers to the biological inspiration.


Computing Trends

Size Number

1 computer many people

1 computer per person

many computers per person

© C. Müller-Schloer 2003


Scenarios First of all: Many computers per person means

There is great potential for parallel processing!

But:

Highly heterogeneous devices

No stable networks, very dynamic

Spontaneous entry and exit of devices

Therefore:

Very different from classical parallel computing!

Consider the following scenarios for innovative application of parallel computing:


© Hartmut Schmeck


Smart house

Intelligent control of house functions

Knows what you need when you get home

Smart car

Adapts to different drivers, road conditions

Gives advice on currently best routes

Communicates with other cars on special events

Integrates your personal devices into its network

Smart factory

Intelligent control of production (federations of robots,…)

Integrates supply chain management

Reacts to unexpected disturbances

Maintains predetermined quality levels


Scenarios

© Hartmut Schmeck


Smart office Takes care of your time-table, projects, events,… Provides all the office resources you need Takes care of travel arrangements …

Smart shop / smart warehouse Monitors current supply levels and takes appropriate actions Knows your shopping preferences Observes your shopping habits …

Smart clothes / Wearable devices Check your “personal parameters” Adapt their properties / behaviour to current personal data Give proactive advice on fitness / wellness actions Enabling technology for e-health / e-care …


Scenarios

© Hartmut Schmeck


Emergence

Emergent creation of a snow flake

Emergence in perception


Emergence Local actions/behaviour of the members of a self-organizing system may lead to observable, emergent global patterns, structure, or behaviour.

This global behaviour is of a different kind than the behaviour of its components (in particular, not a linear combination of the individual actions).

The removal of (single) components does not lead to a failure of the global functions of the system.

The global behaviour is completely new compared to that of the existing components, i.e. the emergent behaviour seems to be unpredictable and not deducible from the individual components of the system, and it cannot be reduced on these.

(cf: Emergence, a Journal of Complexity Issues in Organisation and Management)


Vision

Organic computer systems are biological or life inspired

Organic computer systems consist of autonomous system parts (autonomous agents) and behave selforganizing.

self organisation means:

self-configuring self optimizing self healing

© Hartmut Schmeck

Thy are called in general self-X features


Organic Computing

It is not the question,

whether adaptive and self-organising systems will emerge,

but how they will be designed

© Hartmut Schmeck


High performance computing Beside modern trends as e.g. embedded systems, ubiquitous computing, organic computing, pervasive systems etc. exists still classical parallel computing for high performance application

- Parallel High performance computing (vector machines)

- Computer cluster

- Grid computing systems

- Public resource computing (Internet)

- Multi processor systems (SMP) (Multi and many core processors)

High performance computing

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