Computer Access Patti Drescher CESA 7 [email protected] Wisconsin Assistive Technology...

Computer Access

Patti DrescherCESA 7

[email protected]

Wisconsin Assistive Technology Initiativewww.wati.org

ASNATAssessing Student’s Needs for

Assistive Technology

Objectives

• Participants will understand the SETT process as it relates to identifying appropriate AT for students who need to access the computer.

• Participants will have basic knowledge of the AT continuum for Computer Access as identified in the ASNAT Computer Access Chapter.

• Participants will be able to access resources and tools for trial with students who need AT computer access supports.

Introduction

• 2009 ASNAT revision(Assessing Students’ Need for Assistive Technology)

• Uses the SETT framework for AT assessmentsStudent EnvironmentTasks Tools

– Framework developed by Joy Zabala 2002• http://sweb.uky.edu/~jszaba0/SETTUPDATE.P

DF

– Implementation Plan & Follow-up added by WATI• Revised version has added Sensory

Considerations

Using the SETT framework

• “Traditional” SETT– The Student

• Identify the functional area(s) of concern?• Special needs (related to area of concern)• Current abilities (related to area of

concern)• What does the student need to

communicate that is difficult or impossible to do independently at this time?


• The Environment(s)– Arrangement (instructional, physical)– Support (available to both the student and

the staff)– Materials and Equipment (commonly used

by others in the environments)– Access Issues (technological, physical,

instructional)– Attitudes and Expectations (staff, family,

others)


• The Tasks– What SPECIFIC tasks occur in the student’s

natural environments that enable progress toward mastery of IEP goals and objectives?

– What SPECIFIC tasks are required for active involvement in identified environments? (related to communication, instruction, participation, productivity, environmental control)


• The Tools– Tools include devices, services and strategies…

everything that is needed to help the student succeed.

– Describe what a useful system of assistive technology devices and services for the student would be like.

– Brainstorm Tools that could be included in a system that addresses student needs.

– Select the most promising Tools for trials in the natural environments.

– Plan the specifics of the trial (expected changes, when/how tools will be used, cues, etc.)

– Collect data on effectiveness. (Zabala 2002)

Using the SETT process

Decision Making Guide WATI’s versionof the SETTFramework for

Computer Access.

Guide will beDifferent for every area ofAT assessment

Using the Student Information Guide in the

SETT Process• The Guide is intended to help the team discuss key issues

when assessing the need for AT for a specific student.

• It helps teams consider whole child & environment & not “jump” to a device!

• It is a group (sped, reg. ed, support staff, admin., parent, student) process in which everyone contributes.

• Important to write on a large format so that everyone can see, edit, remember (shared group memory), stay focused, and be informed!

• Team members take roles of: Facilitator, Recorder, Time Keeper

The Student

Assistive Technology for Computer Access

Student

List the functional areas of concern

What are the student’s special needs related to the area of concern.

What are the student’s abilities….

What motivates the student?

Other questions you might ask?

The Environment


Environmental Considerations

What specific environmental considerations need to be addressed? Obstacles? Supports?Attitudes of others?

What are other the environments that need to be taken into account?

Sensory Considerations (new)

New section as a subset of Student & Environment

– Does this student have sensory deficits or sensitivities that will impact his/her ability to access the computer?

– Do the learning environment(s) impact the sensory issues of the student?

Sensory Considerations

•Visual clutter•Fluorescent lighting versus full spectrum lighting•Classroom and background noise•Tactile stimulation•Awareness of physical space•Other individual specific sensitivities

The Task


Tasks to Consider

• What does the student need to do to achieve educational goals from their IEP and be an active participant in their environment?

• What are other students doing in the same environments?

Narrowing the Focus

• As a team, identify by circling or other means those few tasks the student needs to do that will have the most impact.

Solution Generation: Tools/Strategies

As a team, brainstorm and write on chart paper any assistive technologies &/or

strategies you think will assist the student in successfully completing those tasks you

identified.

– Brainstorm possible AT– Don’t evaluate (yet)!– Remember to include AT that the student

already uses– Use all resources including people

The Tools


AT Continuum

• Follow the progression of low tech, through mid tech to high tech when selecting assistive technology tools

Assistive Technology: past and present

• Part of the Student’s past & current environment

AT for Computer Access

• Positioning of student and equipment– Adjustable table/chair– Position of keyboard– Wrist rest/support


• Operating System Built in Accessibility Features– StickyKeys– FilterKeys– MouseKeys– Visual Display Options


• Standard Keyboard Adaptations– Repeat Rate– Keyguards– Labels– Moisture Guard– Pointing Tools– Keyboard Mask


• Standard Mouse Adaptations– Customizable Mouse Options– Button Reassignment


• Rate Enhancement– Abbreviation Expansion– Word Prediction/Completion– Macros– Auto Correction


• Alternative Keyboard– ABC– Dvorak– Ergonomic– One Handed– Wireless– Miniature/Compact– Programmable– OnScreen


• Mouse Alternatives– Keyboard Shortcuts– Mouse Keys– Left Handed/Ergonomic– Wireless– One Button– Touchpad/trackpad– Trackball– Joystick


• Mouse Alternatives (cont.)– Touchscreen– Foot-controlled– Head Controlled– Dwell Selection


• Speech Recognition– Considerations

• Speech• Cognitive abilities• Dictation skills• Literacy/Editing• Motivation• Support


• Speech Recognition (cont.)– Built into PC and Mac Operating

Systems– Dragon NaturallySpeaking

(www.nuance.com)– SpeakQ (www.wordq.com)


• Eye Gaze

• Morse Code


• Switch Access– Last alternative– Determine switch site– Use motivating activity


• Modes of Scanning– Automatic– Single Switch Step– Two Switch Step– Inverse


• Characteristics of Switches– Size– Sensitivity– Texture– Pressure– Feedback– Mounting


• Types of Switches– Mechanical

• Push• Light Touch Switch• Lever• Motoric-Specific Movement• Pneumatic• Dual• Wireless


• Types of Switches (cont.)– Electrical

• Proximity• Fiber Optic• Infrared• Sensor• Wheelchair Integration


• Switch Interface• Mounting• Switch Accessible Software

Solution Selection: Tools & Strategies

• Review the list of potential tools– Now is the time to evaluate for a

match with:• Student (abilities, difficulties,

likes/dislikes)• Environment (supports, obstacles)• Tasks (what 1-2 things do you want the

student to do?)

– Prioritize selections

Implementation Plan

• Very Important! This is often where it breaks down!– Write down on the group chart (for top

priorities)• Who is going to do… (get specific)• What (ditto)• When (do I need to say it again?)• For how long?

– Write down your expectations (objectives) so you know if the AT is working or not!

– Give everyone a job

Follow-up Plan

• Before the meeting is over, plan the follow-up– For accountability– We are all busy, so

plan it now!– Bring list from

original meeting so group can review who, what, when, & expectations

Tools Resources

Vendors for Computer Access ToolsAbleNet www.ablenetinc.comEnabling Devices www.enablingdevices.com

Don Johnston, Inc. www.donjohnston.comInfogrip www.infogrip.comIntelliTools www.intellitools.comRJ Cooper www.rjcooper.comMadentec www.madentec.comNuance www.nuance.com

Conclusion

• It’s not about the technology/device- it’s about matching the Student, the

Environment and the Task with the best

Tool

• Finally some research about using technology…….– …using technology for compensatory

intervention actually also provides remedial benefits (Silver-Pacuilla, H., Ruedel K. & Mistrett, S. p. 8).

References Resources

• Silver-Pascuilla, H., Ruedel, K. & Mistrett, S. (2004). A review of technology based approaches for reading instruction: Tools for researchers and vendors. In National Center for Technology Integration: Reading Matrix. Retrieved March 30, 2007 from http://www.nationaltechcenter.org/matrix/default.asp

• WATI (2009). Assessing Students’ Needs for Assistive Technology Chapter 4: Computer Access. Wisconsin Assistive Technology Initiative. http://www.wati.org

Computer Access Patti Drescher CESA 7 [email protected] Wisconsin Assistive Technology...

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