Contents

Preface to the First Edition viiPreface to the Second Edition xiAcknowledgments xiii

1. Introduction

1.1 What is computational fluid dynamics? 11.2 Advantages of computational fluid dynamics 41.3 Application of computational fluid dynamics 61.4 The future of computational fluid dynamics 261.5 Summary 27Review questions 28

2. CFD Solution Procedure—A Beginning

2.1 Introduction 312.2 Problem setup—pre-process 342.3 Numerical solution—CFD solver 432.4 Result report and visualization—post-process 492.5 Summary 58Review questions 60

3. Governing Equations for CFD—Fundamentals

3.1 Introduction 613.2 The continuity equation 613.3 The momentum equation 703.4 The energy equation 843.5 The additional equations for turbulent flow 943.6 Generic form of the governing equations for CFD 1043.7 Physical boundary conditions of the governing equations 1133.8 Summary 116Review questions 118

4. CFD Techniques—The Basics

4.1 Introduction 1234.2 Discretization of governing equations 1254.3 Converting governing equations to algebraic

equation system 136

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4.4 Numerical solutions to algebraic equations 1504.5 Pressure–velocity coupling—“SIMPLE” scheme 1604.6 Multi-grid method 1704.7 Summary 172Review questions 173

5. CFD Solution Analysis—Essentials

5.1 Introduction 1775.2 Consistency 1785.3 Stability 1825.4 Convergence 1885.5 Accuracy 1955.6 Efficiency 2055.7 Case studies 2065.8 Summary 215Review questions 216

6. Practical Guidelines for CFD Simulationand Analysis

6.1 Introduction 2196.2 Guidelines on grid generation 2206.3 Guidelines for boundary conditions 2426.4 Guidelines for turbulence modeling 2496.5 Summary 268Review questions 269

7. Some Applications of CFD with Examples

7.1 Introduction 2757.2 To assist in the design process—as a design tool 2767.3 To enhance understanding—as a research tool 2827.4 Other important applications 2887.5 Summary 340Review questions 343

8. Some Advanced Topics in CFD

8.1 Introduction 3498.2 Advances in numerical methods and techniques 3498.3 Advances in computational models 3678.4 Other numerical approaches for CFD 3838.5 Summary 391Review questions 392

Contentsiv