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Tsunami Bore Uplift Effects on Coastal Structures
Computational Analysis and Experimental Comparison
Ben Anderson (University of Minnesota)Huiquing Yao (University of Hawaii)
Advisor: Dr. Ian Robertson (University of Hawaii)HARP REU Program
8/3/2011
Introduction Computational Models 2D vs. 3D Computational data comparison with
experimental data Conclusions and Recommendations
Overview
A blocked tsunami wave under a slab can caused a large uplift force –– piers, harbors, and building floor slabs
As a tsunami wave approaches the shore, it transform into a turbulent bore –– Turbulence model
Introduction
Potential gap designs
Example pier structure -- Ryan Takakura
The Samoa Tsunami on September 29, 2009
Failure of new ferry dock caused by 2009 Samoa tsunami (Robertson, et al, 2010)
Simulating tsunami waves with a dam break
In the Lab
Plan drawing of wave flume -- Ryan Takakura
Slab and wall setup --Ryan Takakura
Dam break swing gate
Dam break flume
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DIxqe1FSPbk-- “The Effects of Tsunamis on Coastal Structures”
Experimental Video
Back
Dimensions Mesh Size k-ε and k-ω SST 3D and 2D Comparison
Computer Modeling
Dimensions
5.7404m 6.286m
Total length : 12.02637mGap : 0m2D model extended to equate extra volume at the end of the flume
Mesh Size• Area surrounding the slab and tank
floor were designed with a smaller cell size
Back
k-ε◦ based on model transport equations for the
turbulence kinetic energy (k) and its dissipation rate (ε)
k-ω SST◦ based on model transport equations for the
turbulence kinetic energy (k) and the specific dissipation rate (ω)
◦ “Shear-stress transport” (SST) accounts for the transport of the turbulent shear stress
k-ε and k-ω SST Comparison
k-ε Side View
k-ω SST Half Speed
k-ω SST Side View
-incorporates standing water
k-ω SST has a more realistic bore and pressure results
Used k-ω SST for our simulations
The biggest issue with the two dimension model is the air that gets trapped under the slab
3D may give a more realistic representation of what actually happens
3D and 2D Comparison
3D Side View
2D Slab (k-ω SST)
3D Slab
3D View of Slab
Chose to use 2D model 2D has a faster computational speed
Software: OpenFoam Focused on the maximum uplift force (N) k-ω SST for all cases 2D Graphs: 0 cm gap
Comparing Experimental and Computer Models
Slab height : 14cmUpstream : 60cmDownstream: 5cm
Load cell measured net load Computational model only measured
integral of the uplift load on the slab
Computational and Experimental Measurement Differences
Slab height : 14cmUpstream : 60cmDownstream: 5cm
Slab height : 5cmUpstream : 60cmDownstream: 2.5cm
Slab height : 10cmUpstream : 45cmDownstream: 2.5cm
Slab height : 14cmUpstream : 45cmDownstream: 5cm
Slab height : 14cmUpstream : 45cmDownstream: 2.5cm
Slab height : 14cmUpstream : 60cmDownstream: 2.5cm
Recommend making mesh finer to eliminate variances due to mesh size
Extend fine mesh out in front of the slab Different cases use different mesh sizes Try more simulations in 3D
Conclusions and Recommendations
"This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0852082. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation."
Christy Allison, Taylor Dizon, Deanna Quickle . “The Effects of Tsunamis on Coastal Structures” REU, University of Hawaii at Manoa, summer 2010
Ge, Ming. “Uplift Loading On Elevated Floor Slab Due To A Tsunami Bore.” Thesis for Master’s Degree, Dept of Civil Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, December 2010
Robertson, Ian, et al. “Reconnaissance Following the September 29, 2009 Tsunami in Samoa.” Research Report, Dept of Civil Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, January 20 2010
Takakura, Ryan. “Reducing Tsunami Bore Uplift Forces By Providing A Breakaway Panel.” Thesis for Master’s Degree, Dept of Civil Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, December 2010
Works Cited
Any Questions?