Compressor Surge in IC Engines - ETH Z · Compressor • Reciprocating • Centrifugal • Axial...

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Compressor Surge in IC Engines [email protected]

Transcript of Compressor Surge in IC Engines - ETH Z · Compressor • Reciprocating • Centrifugal • Axial...

Page 1: Compressor Surge in IC Engines - ETH Z · Compressor • Reciprocating • Centrifugal • Axial • Turbojet engines • Power generation • IC Engines • Process industries Various

Compressor Surgein IC Engines

[email protected]

Page 2: Compressor Surge in IC Engines - ETH Z · Compressor • Reciprocating • Centrifugal • Axial • Turbojet engines • Power generation • IC Engines • Process industries Various

Compressor

• Reciprocating

• Centrifugal

• Axial

• Turbojet engines

• Power generation

• IC Engines

• Process industries

Various application areas and types:

[Source:http://www.turbobygarrett.com]

Page 3: Compressor Surge in IC Engines - ETH Z · Compressor • Reciprocating • Centrifugal • Axial • Turbojet engines • Power generation • IC Engines • Process industries Various

Operating range is limited

Compressor

PressureRatio

Mass flow

surge limit

Page 4: Compressor Surge in IC Engines - ETH Z · Compressor • Reciprocating • Centrifugal • Axial • Turbojet engines • Power generation • IC Engines • Process industries Various

Compressor Surge

1. Too high pressure risefor a certain massflow

Page 5: Compressor Surge in IC Engines - ETH Z · Compressor • Reciprocating • Centrifugal • Axial • Turbojet engines • Power generation • IC Engines • Process industries Various

Compressor Surge

2. Flow disruption, gas tends torevert (deep surge)

Page 6: Compressor Surge in IC Engines - ETH Z · Compressor • Reciprocating • Centrifugal • Axial • Turbojet engines • Power generation • IC Engines • Process industries Various

Compressor Surge

3. Pressure risedecreases

Page 7: Compressor Surge in IC Engines - ETH Z · Compressor • Reciprocating • Centrifugal • Axial • Turbojet engines • Power generation • IC Engines • Process industries Various

Compressor Surge

Limit cycles in the compressor characteristic

4. Flow reestablish itself

Page 8: Compressor Surge in IC Engines - ETH Z · Compressor • Reciprocating • Centrifugal • Axial • Turbojet engines • Power generation • IC Engines • Process industries Various

Moore-Greitzer Model

Compressor characteristicfor areas beyond stable region

෩Π𝑐( ሶ𝜇𝑐)

ሶ𝜇𝑡

ΠcΠc

ሶ𝜇𝑐

Throttle equation

Page 9: Compressor Surge in IC Engines - ETH Z · Compressor • Reciprocating • Centrifugal • Axial • Turbojet engines • Power generation • IC Engines • Process industries Various

Moore-Greitzer Model

Page 10: Compressor Surge in IC Engines - ETH Z · Compressor • Reciprocating • Centrifugal • Axial • Turbojet engines • Power generation • IC Engines • Process industries Various

Moore-Greitzer Simulation Tool

Download this tool from the course page.

Page 11: Compressor Surge in IC Engines - ETH Z · Compressor • Reciprocating • Centrifugal • Axial • Turbojet engines • Power generation • IC Engines • Process industries Various

Can we measure Compressor Surge?

pressure after compressorin bar

throttle position in %

TC speed in krpm

Compressor

Turbine

Throttle Intake

Exhaust

Page 12: Compressor Surge in IC Engines - ETH Z · Compressor • Reciprocating • Centrifugal • Axial • Turbojet engines • Power generation • IC Engines • Process industries Various

Reasons of Surge in IC Engines

1. Load steps: Full load -> Zero load– Displayed in Movie

Compressor

Turbine

Throttle Intake

Exhaust

Throttleopen

Throttleclosed

𝑝

𝑡

Page 13: Compressor Surge in IC Engines - ETH Z · Compressor • Reciprocating • Centrifugal • Axial • Turbojet engines • Power generation • IC Engines • Process industries Various

1. Load steps: Full load -> Zero load

2. Poorly designed compressor/turbinecomponents

Reasons of Surge in IC Engines

Turbinetoo small

Compressor map

Page 14: Compressor Surge in IC Engines - ETH Z · Compressor • Reciprocating • Centrifugal • Axial • Turbojet engines • Power generation • IC Engines • Process industries Various

Why operating the compressor near surge line?

• Minimize Turbo lag

– Reach desired boost pressure with the lowest possible compressor speed

• Maximize Low End Torque

– Get highest possible boost pressure for a certain compressor massflow

Desired boostpressure

Page 15: Compressor Surge in IC Engines - ETH Z · Compressor • Reciprocating • Centrifugal • Axial • Turbojet engines • Power generation • IC Engines • Process industries Various

Compressor

Turbine

Throttle Intake

Exhaust

Control Systems

Blow Off Valve

Diverter Valve

Waste Gate

Variable Turbine Geometry

Page 16: Compressor Surge in IC Engines - ETH Z · Compressor • Reciprocating • Centrifugal • Axial • Turbojet engines • Power generation • IC Engines • Process industries Various

Natural Gas port injection

Dieseldirect injection

Engine Research

Diesel-ignited Gas Engine

Alternative Fuel: Natural Gas/Methane

CH4 C8H18

CO2 Reduction: 25%

Power-to-Gas

Page 17: Compressor Surge in IC Engines - ETH Z · Compressor • Reciprocating • Centrifugal • Axial • Turbojet engines • Power generation • IC Engines • Process industries Various

Upcoming Projects

Mode Switching• Mean Value Model• Low Level Control (MPC)

Optimal Control• Dynamic Programming

Page 18: Compressor Surge in IC Engines - ETH Z · Compressor • Reciprocating • Centrifugal • Axial • Turbojet engines • Power generation • IC Engines • Process industries Various

Richard Hutter, ML K [email protected]

Join our Team!

Open Lab EventThursday, November 9, 2017

Institute for Dynamic Systems and ControlResearch Prof. Onder