Comprehensive Project

Re-imagining a Waterfront Site along Clearwater Harbor

Redesigning the Harborview Center and Coachman Park for Clearwater, Florida

Brett LezonUndergraduate Landscape Architecture Comprehensive ThesisBall State University 2011

Re-imagining a Waterfront Site along Clearwater Harbor Redesigning the Harborview Center and Coachman Park for Clearwater, Florida

2011

Brett Lezon

Mentor: German CruzLA 404 Professors: Chris Marlow, John Motloch, Burcu Yigit-Turan

Department of Landscape ArchitectureCollege of Architecture and PlanningBall State University

i.

Ack

now

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gem

entsI would first like to thank my parents for all their support throughout this five

year journey!

In addition, thank you to all my professors, German Cruz, my studiomates (especially Bobby Belt, Ryan Chaney, and TJ Dwyer), Leroy Chin, Felicia Leonard, and the City of Clearwater Parks and Recreation Department.

This project would not be possible without your efforts!

Figure i.1-Benny at Ball State Figure i.2-Clearwater BeachImage-flickr_BSU2008 Image-Brett Lezon

i. Acknowledgements

ii. Table of Contents

iii. List of Figures

iv. Background

01. The Abstract

02. The Introduction

03. The Problem - problem statement - sub problems - hypothesis - delimitations - assumptions - importance - definition of terms

04. Literature Review - The Effects of Urban Revitalization on a Downtown - Economic Benefits of a Successful Park, Streetscape, and Waterfront - Features of a Successful Park, Streetscape, and Waterfront - Types of Downtown Revitalization Methods that Contribute to Tourist and Aging Communities

05. The Requirements - project goals - clients & users - program - design process - methodologies

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06. The Setting - location/vicinity map - site/setting/context - site photos - site inventory - site analysis - case studies

07. The Design - concept one - concept two - concept three - master plan - enlarged plans - sections/sketches/views - planting plan - construction details

08. Appendices - goals recap - concluding statement

09. Appendices II - about the author - references

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Figure i.1-Benny at Ball State

Figure i.2-Clearwater Beach

Figure iv.1-Programmed Events Diagram

Figure 1.1-Looking east toward Harborview Center

Figure 1.2-Bandshell at Coachman Park

Figure 2.1-Harborview Center looking east

Figure 4.1-Millenium Park/Jay Pritzker Pavillion

Figure 4.2-Central Park_NYC

Figure 4.3-Olympic Sculpture Park_Seattle

Figure 4.4-Michigan Avenue_Chicago

Figure 4.5-Riverwalk_San Antionio

Figure 4.6-Mellat Park_Tehran

Figure 4.7-Festival of Lights_Berlin

Figure 6.1-National Vicinity Map

Figure 6.2-Regional Vicinity Map

Figure 6.3-Project Site

Figure 6.4-Looking south from Harborview Center Parking

Figure 6.5-Boat Slips

Figure 6.6-Harborview Center looking east

Figure 6.7-Clearwater Public Library

Figure 6.8-Looking west from Bayfront Tennis Complex

Figure 6.9-Site Inventory

Figure 6.10-Site Analysis


Figure 6.12-Systems Diagrams

Figure 6.13-Case Studies Imagery

Figure 6.14-Singapore Helix Bridge

Figure 6.15-Singapore Helix Bridge at Night

Figure 6.16-Treepods Boston at Night

Figure 6.17-Treepods Boston Diagram

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Figure 7.1-Three Ridge Concept

Figure 7.2-Artistic Stormwater Concept

Figure 7.3-Artistic Stormwater Concept Sections

Figure 7.4-Solar Canopy Concept

Figure 7.5-Solar Canopy Equation

Figure 7.6-Solar Canopy Promenade Sketch

Figure 7.7-Great Lawn/Bandshell Sketch

Figure 7.8-Master Plan

Figure 7.9-Solar Canopy and Gathering Space Enlarged Plan

Figure 7.10-Great Lawn/Bandshell Enlarged Plan

Figure 7.11-Section A: Parking to Galleria

Figure 7.12-Section B: Boat Slips to Clearwater Public Library

Figure 7.13-Section C: Boardwalk looking west

Figure 7.14-View_Great Lawn and Bandshell

Figure 7.15-View_Boardwalk

Figure 7.16-View_Looking east

Figure 7.17-View_Great Lawn/Bandshell at Night

Figure 7.18-View_Urban Oasis at Night

Figure 7.19-View_Solar Canopy System Technologies

Figure 7.20-View_Urban Oasis

Figure 7.21-View_Galleria/Urban Oasis

Figure 7.22-View_Axon

Figure 7.23-Planting Plan_Gathering Space/Water Feature

Figure 7.24-Solar Canopy Detail

Figure 7.25-Carpentaria Palm

Figure 7.26-Live Oak

Figure 7.27-Canary Island Palm

Figure 9.1-LABASH 2010

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Festivals

Outreach

Recreation

Jan Feb Mar Apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec

Figure iv.1-Programmed Events Diagram

This park designed for Clearwater will have activity year round. Referring to (Figure iv.1), a majority of the programmed events occur in the months of May and October. Additionally, a few events take place in March and January. Outreach is planned to happen throughout the year and recreation takes place all year. However, due to the summer heat, less recreation occurs in the warmer months of June, July, and August.

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- Florida experienced 82.6 million visitors in 2010, making it one of the top travel destinations in the world

- The tourism industry is worth $ 57 billion

- 1,000 people move to Florida each day

- In 2009, 968,400 people were employed in the tourism industry

- Out of the U.S. cities with a population of at least 100,000, Clearwater has the highest median age at 41.8

- Recent trends point to a major increase in the Hispanic population

Quick Facts

01. Abstract02. Introduction03. Problem04. Literature Review

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Abstract01

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The proposal examined the potential for urban revitalization in downtown Clearwater, Florida by employing park, streetscape, and waterfront design. Additionally, the economic benefits of a urban revitalization project were studied. The master plan designed for the Harborview Center and Coachmen Park project site catered to the local population, tourists, and the aging community.

This project took a close look at urban revitalization case studies for parks, streetscapes, and waterfronts. Furthermore, the research revealed how urban revitalization can positively effect a city. Ultimately, I utilized the research gathered to influence my design.

Figure 1.1-Looking east toward Harborview Center

Figure 1.2-Bandshell at Coachman ParkImage-Brett Lezon Image-Brett Lezon

Introduction 02

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The City of Clearwater had planned to demolish the Harborview Center by the Summer of 2010, according to the St. Petersburg Times. However, a film production company leased the facility while filming a movie about Winter the dolphin, Clearwater’s well-known mammal from the Marine Aquarium (St. Petersburg Times). While the Harborview Center was being leased on a short-term basis, it is significantly benefitted the community. The Pinellas County Film Commission estimated the film yielded up to $125,000 per day. This could be the catalyst for my design proposal.

Prior to the Harborview Center being leased by a film production company, it sat vacant waiting for another owner or for the City of Clearwater to demolish the 65,000 square foot structure that once served as a convention center equipped with meeting rooms, conference halls, and ballrooms. Coachmen Park, an existing park used throughout the year, sits conveniently north of the Harborview Center. My design proposal encompassed the Harborview Center and parking lot in addition to Coachman Park. Due to the location of the project site, connections were made to Clearwater Bay and to Downtown Clearwater.

image goes here

Figure 2.1-Harborview Center looking eastImage-Brett Lezon

Problem Statement

This research investigated the potential for urban revitalization in downtown Clearwater, Florida in the form of park, streetscape, and waterfront design. The economic benefits of a successful park, streetscape, and waterfront were explored. In addition, this research examined how parks benefit tourist and aging communities. This information was communicated through a master plan for Coachman Park and the vacant Harborview Center.

Sub ProblemsHow does urban revitalization contribute to a city’s downtown?

What are the economic benefits of a successful park, streetscape, and waterfront?

What features comprise a successful park, streetscape, and waterfront design?

What type of downtown revitalization contributes the greatest to a significant tourist and aging community?

Hypothesis

The research discovered that urban revitalization strongly benefits any city through a various set of methods such as tourism, parks, and waterfronts. Due to the geography of the project site these methods were effectively employed and to generate growth in the downtown core of Clearwater, which is currently struggling due to the disconnect to Clearwater Beach.

Delimitations- This project will not include funding or grants- This project will not write future zoning laws- This project will not include demolition plans

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Assumptions

- All new design will follow the guidelines posed by ADA- The location of the project site complies with hurricane regulations and all proposed buildings and design elements will be planned to withstand hurricane force winds

Importance

The City of Clearwater has a large number of downtown vacant properties near high use areas. In addition, Clearwater possesses Coachman Park, an existing park that is the premier location for events throughout the year. However, it has recently become insufficient to host its larger events such as the Jazz Festival and the Fourth of July celebration. By expanding the park, market values of nearby businesses and houses increased. The long term intent was to attract new businesses and residences because the city has recently been experiencing a shift of businesses moving away from the water. In addition, Clearwater currently attracts a dominant senior population which resides seasonally or full-time and a diverse group of tourists which served as a catalyst to support the urban revitalization.

Definition of Terms

Urban Revitalization- the enhancement of a city through various methods such as park design, streetscape design, or waterfront design to generate business and encourage development

Senior citizens- 65 years of age or older

Park- place for active or passive engagement, serving as a refuge from the rigors of everyday life

Streetscape- the development of a transportation network which accommodates automobiles, bikes, and pedestrians through various techniques such as trees, paving patterns, lights, protection, seating

Waterfront- physical land area surrounding a body of water that can be geared towards various uses which include recreation, wildlife preservation, and cargo and cruise line ships

Tourist- a visitor from another geography that is temporarily living in a particular region for reasons of leisure or business

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The Effects of Urban Revitalization on a Downtown

Cities are becoming increasingly important due to the large amount of

people that reside in them. City officials are aware of the magnitude an attractive

downtown can have on its image. Urban revitalization is a public/private partnership

driven approach in hopes of resurrecting an area (Colquhoun 32). With a focus on

economics, housing, park and open space, commercial land, and residential areas

urban revitalization can play a vital role in the regeneration of the downtown. In

addition, for successful urban revitalization to occur active communication must take

place in the form of public meetings, charrettes, and presentations.

To begin, housing is a major element to a city’s structure. “Homeless conditions

permeate all aspects of the life of a city and can threaten its economic viability”

(Thornley 10). The quality of housing in urban environments influences the number

of homeless. One can infer that inadequate housing especially for the poor and

low-income demographic can lead to a greater homeless number. Pinellas County,

which is comprised of Clearwater and St. Petersburg, among many other cities, has a

growing homeless population of 6,235 residents (Pinellas Kids). This figure has increased

twenty percent since 2007 (Pinellas Kids). Through revitalization, addressing the quality

of housing especially for the low-income population may solve the issue of slums. The

inner and outer areas of cities are gradually becoming detached, which leaves the

poor in insufficient housing in the inner city and the more prosperous are relocating

to the suburbs (Colquhoun 15). This concept illustrates that urban revitalization is

necessary for certain derelict sites of the city to retain residents. The residents are

leaving to live in the suburbs. Revitalization in cities allows for evolution and growth

of new housing. Housing is a problem because of a lack of revitalization leads to a

stagnant environment and ultimately hinders development of any kind. Similar to an

ineffective housing market, homelessness can be solved through urban revitalization.

Urban revitalization improves housing through property tax abatements (Colquhoun

23). Tax abatement is defined as a reduction of property taxes in a manner that would

traditionally be payable (Colquhoun 23). In addition, urban revitalization can translate

to a more economically diverse housing situation, mixed-use housing, and decreased

crime rates and unemployment (Harvard Political Review).

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Closely tied with housing and homelessness, education plays a crucial

role in the city. It is well documented by case studies that inner-city children

are underprivileged and lack sufficient resources to foster an educational

environment conducive to learning (Colquhoun 17). By incorporating strong

educational plans into urban revitalization it can dramatically benefit the

city and produce a well educated population. Not only does it support a

well educated group, education decreases the amount of homeless and

diminishes the need for as many homeless shelters and federal aid.

Health is well connected to housing, homelessness, and education.

Revitalization contributes to better health by playing a key part in combating

obesity, and offering passive/active recreational opportunities (The Dirt).

Clearwater has a vast senior population, 21.5%, which will need necessary

resources such as medical centers, accessible sidewalks, parks, and walking

trails (American Fact Finder). With such a large aging community, poses a

great opportunity to revitalize the City of Clearwater. Not only will urban

revitalization benefit the seniors, it will also contribute to residents and

tourists.

Crime is often associated with cities. As the lack of attention to a

particular site increases so does the crime (Colquhoun 20). Clearwater has a

high crime rate in comparison to the United States average. In 2009, the city

experienced 3,678 thefts and 856 burglaries (City-Data). These numbers are

indicative to the large homeless population. Lord Scarman, an English judge,

commented that unemployment and the homeless play the biggest role in

amplified crime (Colquhoun 20). Urban revitalization can resolve or at least

begin to minimize the high level of crime (Colquhoun 21). By developing

deserted sites the perceived image is altered and in return increases the level

of police attention decreasing crime. It’s the responsibility of the designer to

pay close attention to the scale of the design and intended user groups.

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For example, Walter Hood’s design of Lafayette Square addressed the high

crime and drug use among its users (Design Observer 2). Hood’s design was successful

because it, “Invites a diverse group of users, but instead of addressing their different

needs by creating a homogenous setting, it accepts their diversity by offering a

complex array of features, woven together in time and place” (Design Observer 3).

Faith in the City poses interesting ideas that when a community is designed at

a scale where human interactions can occur and an environment is developed where

citizens take pride in it its more successful (Faith in the City). Therefore, the crime rate

declines and residents tend to feel safer and more active (Faith in the City).

Additionally, urban revitalization could change the perceptions of the tourists

about downtown Clearwater. Many believe Downtown Clearwater lacks sufficient

resources such as shops, restaurants, and entertainment. In large part, a lack of

commercial offerings is due to the level of waterfront development that has forced

businesses out of downtown to the tourists. Urban revitalization may force businesses

especially large department stores to reconsider moving to the suburbs, particularly,

because the rent or ownership of a facility is usually less expensive (Colquhoun 21).

Through urban revitalization, central hubs of the city must be enhanced for the pedestrian

experiences. The “big box” stores are convenient but stifle the local businesses and

obstruct revitalization to reach its full potential (Colquhoun 21).

Many trends of positive growth are evident including the notion that all of

the sectors that are benefitted as a result of urban revitalization are linked together,

almost as if it is a chain reaction. Refer to diagram 1.1. For example, the level of

education influences the crime rate, homeless population, and overall image of the

city. Revitalization can correct underdeveloped areas. People that live in derelict

areas are proven to be less healthy and lower on the economic spectrum (Thornley

18).

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Furthermore, for successful revitalization to occur active public participation

is critical. Thriving urban areas don’t happen by mistake and are well thought out by

designer and the public. In the end, it’s the duty of the design team to produce, but

they should be viewed as the facilitator for the public realm. Based on my research, it

will be valuable to refer to existing surveys already conducted and perform a series of

interviews to effectively design.

Figure 4.1-Millenium Park/Jay Pritzker PavillionImage-flickr_Jessie Reeder Reeder

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Economic Benefits of a Successful Park, Streetscape, and Waterfront

Parks offer several economic benefits to a particular city or town. Some of the

larger, such as Central Park, serve as tourist destinations and generate revenue by out

of state visitors. For instance, the Denver park system delivers 7.1 million dollars directly

from the local population as well as tourists (The Trust for Public Land). In 2003, The Trust

for Public Land conducted research to examine how parks economically benefit cities.

Though not all benefits are quantifiable, the research illustrated that parks contributed

to the increase of property value, tourism, direct use, health, community cohesion,

clean water, and clean air (The Trust for Public Land). Increased property tax from the

property value and increased sales tax from tourists supply the city with direct income

(The Trust for Public Land). This is readily apparent in cities such as Chicago or Seattle,

where large urban parks have stimulated property values in the surrounding areas.

Chicago’s Millenium Park increased property values 1.4 billion dollars in a year time

frame (Bruner Foundation). Parks also provide the city with savings.

Recreational opportunities accommodate residents through low-cost

recreation which in turn helps a city save in medical costs (The Trust for Public Land).

Also, recreational opportunities help to lower the level of crime and cut down on costs

for police and fire protection. Although these seem like rather small details, they do

add up and save a significant amount of money. In light of the budget cuts, cities can

conserve money by effectively planning for parks.

Figure 4.2-Central ParkImage-flickr_barbcalie

Figure 4.3-Olympic Sculpture ParkImage-flickr_Elena777

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Often referred to the street character and how it interacts with the surrounding

context, a thoughtful streetscape design can benefit the city in a number of ways.

Streetscapes begin to formulate the user’s perceptions about a particular city. If they

are safe, pedestrians are likely to walk which reduces traffic congestion, stimulates

activity, and improves health. These methods save the city money and in particular

pedestrian activity helps the visibility of the local businesses. Tree-lined streets are

perceived to be safer and reduce the speeds of automobiles which lower accident

rates (Victoria Transport Policy Institute). The UK Commission on Architecture performed

a study to demonstrate the correlation to successful streetscape and economic benefits.

The study showed that well designed streets generate revenue (CABE 3). Case studies

in London were completed and the results confirm, “That in London an achievable

improvement in street design quality typically increase residential and commercial

property values about 5%, reflecting the value that people place on an attractive

street environment and the contribution it makes to local economic activity” (CABE 3).

This notion proves to be true in cities in the United States too. Streetscapes are valued

by citizens and are not just a means of transportation, but an extension of the buildings,

parks, and other amenities within an urban center.

Another concept noted to increase economic activity is traffic calming. In

a survey of business owners in an urban retail district, Drennen discovered that 65%

consider traffic calming as a means of providing economic benefit (Drennen). Traffic

calming allows for multiple methods of transportation and provides the consumers with

a safe and effective way to purchase products. Drennen contends traffic calming

alleviates the quantity of vehicles and increases discretionary income, benefitting the

local businesses (Drennen). I feel this is particularly true in areas of high tourist volume.

It is uncommon to observe popular tourist and pedestrian streets with speed limits

exceeding 40 mph. For example, the speed limit for Michigan Ave., a famous shopping

street in Chicago, is 35 mph. This is safe speed for the amount of pedestrian traffic, if it

was much higher it may deter pedestrians.

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Cities that are situated on the waterfront have an advantage economically

over those that are located on the mainland. This is mainly due to the vibrancy and

excitement well-designed waterfronts possess (Tumbde 3). In addition, the quality of life

is greatly enhanced with opportunities for recreation and enjoyment alongside water.

The waterfront should be addressed in great detail and should be a component of the

city’s larger economic model to ensure economic viability (Tumbde 18). Interestingly,

waterfronts were initially devoted as centers for manufacturing, trade, and wastewater

treatment plants, etc. In the 1950s, city’s realized that waterfront could be an economic

asset to the image of the downtown (Tumbde 20). Waterfronts began to utilize water

as a method of attracting people. As a result, related services became a facilitator for

economic growth (White et al, foreword). “In San Antonio, River Walk’s European Style

cafes, shops, bars, and restaurants make an economic engine for the city, annually

drawing more than 7 million visitors who spend almost $800 million” (Harte). Waterfronts

are especially attractive because of they can attract new commercial and residential

development. With an abundance of hotels along Clearwater Beach, generates a tax

base and encourages tourists. Specifically, this concept relates to my project because

the existing amenities are used as catalysts to further development.

Figure 4.4-Michigan Avenue ChicagoImage-flickr_Bmore2123

Figure 4.5-Riverwalk San AntonioImage-flickr_eric_david

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Features of a Successful Park, Streetscape, and Waterfront

Parks

Park design has been present for a substantial amount of time in Europe.

Frederick Law Olmsted, thought of as the “father of landscape architecture” brought

park design in urban areas as a way of escaping the blight of cities. Overcrowded with

people and heavy polluted, city parks such as Central Park serve as places of refuge.

A set of principles must be addressed to ensure the park’s longevity. These principles

include the park’s relation to its surroundings, designing for people, creating experiences,

and satisfying the technical requirements (Dahl & Molnar 14). The focus of the design

must be far reaching. It needs to consider the affects based on locating a park at a

certain area. By exploring design measures, the advantages of the surrounding context

are utilized and the regulations are dealt with properly (Dahl & Molnar 15). Land is

precious and therefore should not be wasted. This does not mean that every acre of

the park needs to be active recreation, but all areas must be assigned a specific use.

Bare land may be used to serve as a buffer or a conservation area for wildlife. Next,

it is essential to locate universal uses together and separate them from unsuited areas

(Dahl & Molnar 16). Doing this expedites the maintenance process because like uses

are concentrated (Dahl & Molnar 16). This is especially important in light of today’s

economic situation.

Additionally, creating a successful park, streetscape, or waterfront begins with

the concept that many functions of life can occur, and where people share a feeling

of ownership (PPS). According to Projects for Public Spaces, “A large park should have

at least ten distinct destinations within it, and each of these should have many different

ways to use it” (PPS). This approach is effective because each activity feeds off each

(PPS).

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The design process is comprised of all a large group of individuals which include

the park board, administration, non-users, users, and the design team. To elaborate

park users are a primary source of information on specific programs that should be

implemented. Through participant observation, designers can uncover credible

knowledge that may be applied (Dahl & Molnar 23). Additionally, post-occupancy

evaluations should be conducted to evaluate the function of the park and observe

how the park is being utilized. Although a park is a setting for active and passive

recreation, it is also a meeting and interaction place.

Park developments must possess strong character. If the image is powerful it

will evoke the attention of users, maximizing the development (Dahl & Molnar 34). The

character can be established through the use of lines, forms, textures, and colors (Dahl

& Molnar 35). By formulating a design which encompasses all these elements a design

will be significantly more successful. Lines can begin to establish flow and direct the

viewers in a specific direction. Straight lines are often bold and send the users in a

specific direction (Dahl & Molnar 35). Whereas, more organic lines are active, forcing

users in many directions (Dahl & Molnar 35). Nonetheless, the context will influence

which type of lines to use. In addition, textures play a role in the appearance of the

site. Rough textures convey audacity, yet fine textures are subtle and produce a calm

atmosphere. Color should be used with great caution. Bright colors are energetic

while deep hues are soft. The attraction of all ages is important when considering

color choices. My project’s park design will draw from the context and history of

the Clearwater area while expanding the design through creative measures of lines,

textures, colors, and vegetation.

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Streetscapes

The design of the streetscape has a direct correlation to the quality of

life. Thorough design will ease pedestrian movement, establish the setting, create

social spaces, and enhance the character (Crankshaw 1). In order for a street to

feel comfortable at the pedestrian several aspects must be considered. Patterns of

building widths, building heights, and window spacing allow for repetition and create

consistency (Crankshaw 10). Through these guidelines the streetscape is coherent and

identifiable. It is important to consider prospect and refuge and how they relate to

streetscape design. Jay Appleton developed the theory in his book The Experience

of Landscape. Essentially, it is the idea that people are most comfortable in partially

concealed and protected places while maintaining the ability to view into the

surrounding spaces (Crankshaw 12). This concept applies to a streetscape because

a refuge is comprised of permeable street edges with enhanced setbacks to lessen

the rigidity (Crankshaw 13). Due to this concept, it is important to consider setbacks

of buildings and street edges. Large open areas reduce the refuge and create

continuity. Overhead signs and awnings add layers to the edge as serve as protection

from the elements. Prospect allows for unobstructed observation into the surroundings

(Crankshaw 18). For example, key buildings can increase the prospect by zoning in

on the distance and delineating specific uses (Crankshaw 18). Safety of the street

is clearly connected to prospect in that it allows for viewing. By creating views that

extend into surrounding spaces the prospect is enhanced. Confined and removed

spaces from the street decrease prospect and safety. Crankshaw contends that,

“The two most uncomfortable and psychologically threatening spaces in a downtown

are likely to be a sidewalk running between an arterial street and a large expanse of

parking, and the interior of a parking garage” (Crankshaw 20). Each space noted is

imbalanced therefore creating a disproportionate design.

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Waterfronts

Cities throughout the world recognize the significance of waterfronts (Salvesen).

In the United States, 69 out of 75 major cities are located next to a body of water

(Gaffen 1). This amounts to a number of opportunities for designers. It is important

to consider diversity of features and uses when designing waterfronts. All successful

waterfront projects require an anchor, to consistently draw people. Several features are

comprised of waterfront design and can act as anchors. These include: environmental

quality, planning, recreation, commercial, institutional, and residential.

Water driven transport and water activities contributed to discharge from

factories and other establishments. This resulted in heavy pollution, decreased wildlife,

and harmed ecosystems (Tumbde 22). However, in the 1960s and 1970s pollution was

mitigated because of new laws enacted (Tumbde 24). Not only did these new laws

contribute to improved environmental quality, but they led to riverfront redevelopment.

By improving the water quality, it established the waterfront as a public space with a

variety of uses including: recreational, aquatic habitats, and parks.

Figure 4.6-Mellat Park TehranImage-flickr_mSafdel

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After successfully cleaning the water, the next step to riverfront development

was to develop the character which relates to the existing context. Street trees and

site furnishings establish comfort and walkability (Geddes 1). The small details such as

signage create a consistent style and unify the buildings. Above all, it is crucial that the

waterfront is safe to encourage all people. The safety is closely linked to the planning

guidelines. Comfort and safety can be created through design by ensuring the correct

scales are used. For example, a street should maintain a pedestrian scale through

street trees, light structures, signage, and other site furnishings. These design guidelines

help to establish an image for the city

Accessibility by a variety of transportation forms ensures the waterfront caters to all

socio-economic classes. It should be accessible by bike, public transport, and boat.

For example, neglecting access by some form of public transportation may segregate

the lower economic class from utilizing the waterfront as a public amenity.

Recreation in a waterfront context can entail many possibilities. Sitting areas,

cafes, and a mix of green space and hardscape are just a few ideas to attract visitors.

Other active recreational activities include running, hiking, and biking and require

proper planning (Tumbde 26). Waterfronts serve as destination places and to cities

use festivals and cultural gatherings to attract large masses of people (Tumbde 27).

Cities such as Chicago and Milwaukee have a well develop set of festival along the

lakefront, which attract millions of people each year. Festivals will include in the park

programming for my project site. Currently, the City of Clearwater hosts a number of

festivals at Coachman Park including the Jazz Holiday. This specific festival is a free

4-day event that takes place in mid-October. Building upon the existing festivals is

what I have envisioned, especially, during Clearwater’s busiest months, January to

March.

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A balanced mix of restaurants, shops, and residences increase the visibility

of waterfronts and therefore can serve as a catalyst for the area. This is particularly

true for Millenium Park in Chicago. Nearby existing infrastructure is being renovated

and a significant amount of new construction has occurred in the form of offices,

condominiums, shops, and restaurants (Bruner Foundation). Waterfronts also actively

partner with institutional groups to attract visitors. Commonly aquariums and museums

have been widely used (Tumbde 27). Consequently, housing is an essential element to

a successful waterfront. To begin, a range of housing types must be offered to attract

all demographics. The housing values are higher along with the amenities.

Figure 4.7-Festival of Lights BerlinImage-flickr_b3k

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Types of Downtown Revitalization Methods that Contribute to Tourist and Aging Communities

There’s no question that waterfront tourism and more specifically beach tourism

can positively benefit cities. In 2003, out-of-state beach tourists spent 19.1 billion dollars

and created more than 500,000 jobs (Center for Urban and Environmental Solutions,

Florida Atlantic). In addition, tourists account for roughly 600 million dollars in sales

tax (Center for Urban and Environmental Solutions, Florida Atlantic). Therefore, it is

extremely important to revitalize coastal downtowns with tourists in mind. Events and

festivals can contribute to tourism and can have lasting effects for the downtown.

The hosting of sporting events such as the NCAA Final Four, Super Bowl, and college

football bowl games offer substantial visibility to a city and bring in income. According

to Forbes magazine, the Super Bowl is the most valuable sporting event worth 379

million dollars (Forbes). Although, the entire worth doesn’t go to the host city they see

reap the benefits.

The development of a heritage tourism plan can attract a new level of tourists

that are not necessarily interested in beaches or sporting events. Heritage tourism is

the visiting of a place to experience the culture of the past and present (National Trust

for Historic Preservation). In the case of Clearwater, Florida it was originally the home

of the Tocobaga people. They were a Spanish settlement that dates back to the 16th

century. By exploring history, Clearwater could potentially utilize the Tocobaga people

as a means of heritage tourism. “Studies have consistently shown that cultural heritage

travelers stay longer and spend more money than other kinds of travelers” (National

Trust for Historic Preservation).

Culture Heritage Tourism lists 4 steps to beginning and a heritage tourism

venture. First, start by examining the city’s attractions, more specifically cultural and

natural resources (Culture Heritage Tourism). Examples, of cultural resources include

local food or museums. Some examples of natural resources entail national parks

or scenic highways. Clearwater is well-known for its seafood, especially grouper

sandwiches. Additionally, Clearwater has Caladesi Island State Park, an amenity that

could be used for heritage tourism.

26

Next, it’s important to verify that the city’s human and financial resources

are working cohesively (Culture Heritage Tourism). This process can be accomplished

by achieving the support of local business people (Culture Heritage Tourism). Prior

to seeking funding it’s crucial to establish a financial plan (Culture Heritage Tourism).

Though this method seems direct, it may take longer to achieve full support from all to

advance.

Third, and perhaps most important is the preparation, protection, and

management stage (Culture Heritage Tourism). Preparing entails establishing a new

museum or renovating an existing facility. They way the heritage tourism is presented

in the form of maps, exhibits, and living history can make or break your effort. The

development of a preservation plan can ensure the longevity of the resources (Culture

Heritage Tourism). Additionally, managing the heritage tourism positions the efforts for

success.

Lastly, composing a marketing plan to draw your target market remains

important to beginning a heritage tourism venture (Culture Heritage Tourism). The four

steps of the marketing plan include public relations, advertising, graphic materials, and

promotions (Culture Heritage Tourism). Setting up a marketing plan allows the city to

further their program and maintain a consistent growth.

Architectural, historical, heritage, and cemetery tours are a simple but effective

way to cater to tourists. They bring in revenue and offer knowledge and in some cases

can serve as a means of “word of mouth” promotion for a city. This means that if the

tour was beneficial to the participant there is a good chance they will recommend it

to others. Public Art can also be used as a method to attract tourists. Clearwater has

a substantial public art program established which adds identity to the city. Through

public art cities can create a better sense of place, linking to the design of buildings,

streetscapes, private developments, and public spaces (City of Clearwater). Public art

is an effective way to highlight a culture and can bring citizens together.

27

With enhanced technology and medicines we as humans are living longer.

Therefore there is a strong demand in the tourism industry for the senior population, or

“third age” population. To clarify, “third age” population refers to the changing ideals

that the retired citizens see themselves (Moscardo 2). With greater wealth and higher

living standards the retired people view this segment of their lives as personal fulfillment

(Moscardo 2). As a result, travel is a major benefactor to downtown revitalization. In

the United States, “Residents 55-64 spend an average of 7.1 % and those 65 or older

spend 10.8 % of their household income on travel” (Moscardo 3). This provides a great

opportunity for cities.

However, in order to attract this demographic the necessary amenities must

be in place. Seniors often spend a longer duration of time in one location, which

bodes well for hotels, restaurants, shops, etc. Furthermore, certain types of travel attract

the “third age” population who travel to warmer locations especially in the winter. This

concept is visibly apparent in Clearwater. The city’s busiest time of the year is January

to March, which makes sense because they escape to cold weather in the north.

Overall, this demographic is becoming increasingly active and we must be aware

to effectively keep up. To no surprise, Clearwater was noted as having the highest

percentage of a population over 65 with 21.5 % (Epodunk).

In exploring what seniors seek after retiring, I’ve discovered that a majority of

what they desire isn’t tangible. Seniors aspire government services, low property tax,

assisted living, forms of recreation, and social amenities (Metro Planning Council). As a

result, the process of obtaining the necessary services could be a long-term process.

Therefore, carefully establishing a schedule and abiding by remains essential.

28

29

05. Requirements06. Setting07. Design

Project Goals

- Create a public park for Clearwater residents, tourists, and workers

- Utilize Clearwater Harbor as an amenity and setting for events

- Establish an engaging atmosphere for daily activities and special events

- Employ green technologies (solar, humidity swing, stormwater management, green

roofs)

Clients & Users

Program

- City of Clearwater (client)- Tourists, residents, downtown workers (clients)

- Link Cleveland St. to Clearwater Harbor- Connect to existing amenities (Bayfront Tennis Complex, boat slips)- Demolish Harborview Center- Terminate Cleveland St. at Osceola Ave. and Drew St. along harbor- Upgrade bandshell features- Develop galleria/housing- Link galleria to Clearwater Public Library- Locate parking on the perimeter of the site, using existing and under utilized parking, while creating a shared underground parking garage

31

05

Req

uire

men

ts

Design Process

Throughout this lengthy process my comprehensive project has taken on many forms and complexities. In the early stages, many of my concepts weren’t fully developed. As a result, I was propelled to dig deeper and develop a concept that was functional yet innovative. I credit German Cruz, Chris Marlow, John Motloch, and Burcu Yigit-Turan for their guidance in ultimately helping me achieve my design.

Methodologies

In order to reach this stage in the design I thoroughly studied successful parks, waterfronts, and streetscapes from around the world. In gathering materials from Leroy Chin and the City of Clearwater, numerous books from German and the library, and self-searching I was well exposed to a myriad of influential projects. This process undoubtedly helped to shape my project.

32

Location/Vicinity Map

The project site is located in Clearwater, Florida. Clearwater is located roughly 17 hours south of Muncie by car. Located in West Central Florida, the project site is nearby major cities such as Tampa and Saint Petersburg. Northeast of the site by about 2 hours is Orlando and Walt Disney World. Clearwater is situated in a unique setting because it is a pennisula surrounded by the Clearwater Harbor, Gulf of Mexico, and Tampa Bay to the east. As a result, water recreation and fishing plays an integral role in the region.

33

06

The

Sett

ing

Figure 6.1-National Vicinity Map

Figure 6.2-Regional Vicinity Map

34

Site/Setting/Context

The site encompasses Coachman Park, Harborview Center, the Bayfront Tennis Complex, and an under utilized parking lot directly east of the Clearwater Public Library. In addition, the boat slips west of Coachman Park and the Bayfront Tennis Complex also comprises the site. Downtown Clearwater and Cleveland Street is east of the project site. A series of smaller towns and cities surround Clearwater including Bellair, Largo, and Dunedin. The Clearwater Memorial Causeway bisects the southwestern edge of the site. This particular causeway leads to Clearwater Beach, the tourist haven, and Gulf of Mexico.

Clearwater is situated in a sub-tropical region of Florida. With hot, humid and wet summers and dry, mild winters it is a tourist destination for many. The region boasts an average of 361 sunny days per year. The USDA planting zone is 9b, allowing for a diverse collection of plants to be grown.

35

Figure 6.3-Project Site(denoted in yellow)

36

Site Photos

image goes here

Figure 6.4-Looking South from Harborview Center parking

Figure 6.5-Boat Slips

Figure 6.6-Harborview Center Looking East

37

Figure 6.7-Clearwater Public Library

Figure 6.8-Looking West from Bayfront Tennis Complex

38

Site Inventory

The project site and its surrounding context is a mix of public, private, and government buildings. Some of the main site features include:

- Clearwater Public Library- Harborview Center (vacant)- Pickles Restaurant (attached to Harborview Center)- Coachman Park- Boat Slips- Bayfront Tennis Complex

Currently the site has an abundance of parking that is fully used only a few times per year. The number of parking spaces for each of the areas are as follows:

- Coachman Park: 261- Harborview Center (Pickles included): 168- Boat Slips North (metered): 19- Boat Slips South (metered): 44- Library: 135- City Hall: 117- City Hall (overflow): 63

Total parking spaces = 807

39

image goes here

Figure 6.9-Site Inventory

40

Site Analysis

One of the biggest problems is the lack of connectivity throughout the project site. A major reason for this is the massive parking lot that cuts off clear access to Bayfront Tennis Complex and the southern portion of the site. Through unifying elements, the site can become cohesive and easier to navigate. I feel that a series of nodes will also help with connectivity.

Other areas of concern:

- Views to Clearwater Harbor, preserve by eliminating Drew St. along bay and establish a boardwalk for walking, running, biking

- Bandshell orientation, situate bandshell to amplify sound toward crowd and locate in a more central location

- Small pond, expand to support additional species

- Coachman Park sub spaces layout, further explore this organization and concentrate particular forms of recreation together

- Connection from boat slips to site, strengthen connection by utilizing interactive art features along boardwalk and harbor

- Demolish Harborview Center, propose a galleria in its place to serve as one of the anchors for the site

41


42

Site Analysis

This analysis image shown on the next page in (Figure 6.11) further illustrates the lack of connectivity. The areas that need to be examined include Coachman Park to Bayfront Tennis Complex and Cleveland Street to Clearwater Harbor. Those two particular areas would greatly benefit from increased connectivity.

Other areas of concern:

- Terminate Cleveland Street at Osceola Street, establish a pedestrian boulevard to Clearwater Harbor

- Relocate parking, establish parking on northern and southern perimeter of site and shared underground parking

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44

Site Analysis

Systems Diagrams

45

Figure 6.12-Systems Diagram

46

Case StudiesUnited States and International

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48


Case Studies

The Singapore Helix Bridge is an DNA-inspired pedestrian bridge which links Marina Centre with Marina South in the Marina Bay area. The design was completed by a collaboration of firms including the Cox Group, Arup, and Architects 61. The bridge is intended to serve as an attraction for the community while connecting cultural and recreational amenities. The canopies are constructed of fritted glass and perforated steel mesh. During the evening, the bridge is lit to create a visual experience. The DNA letters of C, G, A, and T are illuminated in red and green at night and are the four bases of DNA.

Singapore Helix Bridge

49

Figure 6.14-Singapore Helix BridgeImage-flickr_Singaporehb

Figure 6.15-Singapore Helix Bridge at NightImage-flickr_Singaporehb

50

Case Studies

Designed by Shift (Boston) and Influx_Studio (Paris) these artificial trees cleanse the air by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. Technologies are already in place for this concept to occur. Dr. Klaus Lackner, Director of the Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy at Columbia University states, “This revolutionary process is based on the discovery of the “humidity swing,” a technology that enables the energy-efficient capture of carbon dioxide from air, allowing to close the carbon cycle and creating a valuable product for beneficial use.” The intent is to use biomimicry to create an urban carbon dioxide catcher and air cleaning device. The Treepod takes the form of the Dragon tree, providing shade, hosting a pv sun tracker system, which will power the air cleaning system and light the Treepod at night. In addition, the Treepod will be constructed of recycled plastic bottles. Not only is this device an educational piece, it also serves as a social catalyst. At the bases of the Treepods are seesaws that allow users to interact and harvest kinetic energy.

Treepods Boston

51

Figure 6.16-Treepods Boston at NightImage-flickr_treepods

Figure 6.17-Treepods Boston DiagramImage-flickr_treepods

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Concept One

Key Ideas

The major theme of concept one was to create a series of three ridges. The ridges begin at the terminus of Cleveland Street and end at the Great Lawn/Bandshell. In this concept, three larger spaces were created and numerous sub spaces border. The ridges serve as both art through landform and highly programmed spaces.

- Three Ridges (Great Lawn, Central Quad, Gateway)

- Link Mixed-Use Building to Clearwater Public Library

- Multi-Tierred Boardwalk

- Outdoor Gathering Space for Clearwater Public Library

Three Ridge Concept

53

07

The

Des

ign

Figure 7.1-Three Ridge Concept

54

Concept Two

Key Ideas

Concept two has some similarities to concept one, but its main intent is to capture and clean stormwater on site through a variety of methods. The primary stormwater catchment device is the constructed wetland system. In addition, bioswales, green roofs, and permeable paving aid in retaining stormwater on site.

The sections illustrated on the next page in (Figure 7.2 and 7.3) highlight the topography and systems for concept two.

- Exploration of Green Technologies (constructed wetland, bioswales, green roofs, permeable paving)

- Hierarchy of Circulation (primary spine, secondary, boardwalk)

- Retain and Cleanse All Stormwater on Site

Artistic Stormwater

55

Figure 7.2-Artistic Stormwater Concept

Figure 7.3-Artistic Stormwater Concept Sections

56

Concept Three

Key Ideas

Concept three takes a significantly different look at the project site. In the previous concepts a strong connection throughout the site seemed to be lacking. Therefore, concept three explores the method of linking and unifying both site amenities and surrounding attractions. This process is accomplished through a solar canopy system. Largely influenced by the Singapore Helix Bridge and Treepods Boston, the solar canopy system takes advantage of the average 361 sunny days in Clearwater.

- Establish Identity for the Site Through Solar Canopy System

- Active/Open Recreation in Center of Site, Surrounded by Highly Programmed Recreational Opportunities

- Destination Both Day and Night, Events/Activities During Day, Dynamic Lighting At Night

Solar Canopy

57

Figure 7.4-Solar Canopy Concept

Figure 7.5-Solar Canopy Equation

58

Study Sketches

How will the case studies reviewed influence my design?

- Combine Elements of Helix Bridge and Treepods to Create A Comprehensive System

- Solar Canopy Promenade will Link the Galleria to the Clearwater Public Library and Establish A Clear Connection from Cleveland St. to the Harborfront

- Height of 15’

- The Treepods in Conjunction with A Canopy System will Establish A Solar Canopy Which has Several Benefits:

- Provides Cover - Partial Shade - Artistic Element - Educational Opportunity - Create Environment

Solar Canopy System

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Figure 7.6-Solar Canopy Promenade Sketch

Figure 7.7-Great Lawn/Bandshell Sketch

60


Master Plan

61


62

Enlarged PlanSolar Canopy & Gathering Space

63

Figure 7.9-Solar Canopy & Gathering Space Enlarged Plan

64

Enlarged PlanGreat Lawn & Bandshell

65

The great lawn was designed to host concerts and events capable of hosting up to 15,000 people. Equipped with permanent lighting, speakers, a green room and storage area, the bandshell will attract regional and national touring artists.

The highlights include:

- Retractable canvas to be placed over great lawn, used to provide shade during sunny, hot afternoon events

- The bright colored canvas (pink, purple, green, orange) is used as art

- Gradually sloped great lawn to allow for greater sightlines to bandshell for guests in back

Figure 7.10-Great Lawn/Bandshell Enlarged Plan

66

Figure-7.11

Figure-7.12

Figure-7.13

Sections

Section A: Parking to Galleria and Solar Canopy System

Section B: Boat Slips to Clearwater Public Library looking North

Section C: Boardwalk looking West toward Clearwater Harbor

67

- Dynamic- Transitional - Anchors

68

Vicinity Map

Vicinity Map

Vicinity Map

- Entertainment- Accessible- Connective

- Linear- Diverse - Active

Key Words

Key Words

Key Words

Section B: Boat Slips to Clearwater Public Library looking North

Section C: Boardwalk looking West toward Clearwater Harbor

View

The great lawn features bright colored canvas to reflect the sub-tropical context. In addition, the canvas provides shade, and acts as art. During the evening, the canvas can be retracted.

V1Great Lawn & Bandshell Figure-7.14

69

70

View

View

The open lawn willl be used for recreation and accomodating vendors for events/concerts. The water feature is a destination place for all looking to cool down.

V2Boardwalk Figure-7.15

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72

View

View

This particular birds-eye view highlights the overall site. The boardwalk along Clearwater Harbor will serve as an extension to the Pinellas Trail and attract walkers, runners, and cyclists. As a general rule, the more active spaces are situated in the center of the site and the less active areas are located on the perimeter.

V3Looking East Figure-7.16

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74

View

View

The great lawn and bandshell will come alive at night! Vibrantly lit, thanks in part to the Solar Canopy System, guests are guaranteed to have an enjoyable experience. The intent of the dynamic lighting is to spark the curiosity of boaters in Clearwater Harbor. Utlimately, they may dock in a boat slip and come ashore to enjoy the music.

V4Great Lawn/Bandshell at Night Figure-7.17

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76

View

View

The galleria and urban oasis will be creatively lit and serve as a gateway to the site drawing in visitors from Cleveland Street.

V5Urban Oasis at Night Figure-7.18

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78

View

View

V6Solar Canopy System Technologies Figure-7.19

79

80

361

View

80

361

View

The urban oasis is a versatile space designed to serve for gathering, cooling, sitting, recreating, and people watching. Essentially, it is a refuge from the hot sun.

V7Urban Oasis Figure-7.20

81

82

View

View

This birds-eye view of the urban oasis showcases the interesting patterns, cast shadows, and hot colors. The geometry is used as a connective feature from the galleria to the great lawn and bandshell, also serving as a transitional space.

V8Galleria/Urban Oasis Figure-7.21

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84

View

View

This axon shows the project site in relation with the existing context. Note the density on and around Cleveland Street. In addition, just east of the Clearwater Public Library I proposed housing and mixed-use. By doing this, I hope to attract more young professionals downtown.

Axon Figure-7.22

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86

View

Planting Plan

image goes here

Symbol Scientific Name Common Name Quanity SizeCA Carpentaria acuminata Carpentaria Palm 35 8' CTPC Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Palm 11 10' CTQV Quercus virginiana Live Oak 15 3" cal.SP Sabal palmetto Sabal Palm 44 7' CTWR Washingtonia robusta Washington Palm 11 9' CT

GrassSS Stenotaphrum secundatum St. Augustine Grass 50,691 sq. ft. sod

Figure 7.23Gathering Space/Water Feature/Active Quad/Urban Oasis

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image goes here

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Construction Details

The Solar Canopy System will be implemented throughout the project site to take full advantage of the sunny conditions. Solar energy will be captured by the Solar PVs and stored for evening use. At the top of the system, the carbon dioxide catcher traps the CO2 and sends it to the storage area. The system is manufactured from recycled plastic bottles.

89

Solar Canopy Detail Figure 7.24

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Figure 7.25-Carpentaria PalmImage-flickr_ainun

Figure 7.26-Live OakImage-flickr_chapstick

Figure 7.27-Canary Island PamImage-flickr_jasonunbound

Plant ImagesPlants Proposed in Planting Plan

91

08. Appendices09. Appendices II

Goals Recap

- Create a public park for Clearwater residents, tourists, and workers

- Utilize Clearwater Harbor as an amenity and setting for events

- Establish an engaging atmosphere for daily activities and special events

- Employ green technologies (solar, humidity swing, stormwater management, green

roofs)

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08

Ap

pen

dic

es

Concluding Statement

Clearwater’s waterfront park is a realistic, yet contemporary design that will offer great benefits to the city’s residents, tourists, and workers. This design allows for diversity, education, and community engagement. The addition of housing and mixed-use development to the downtown will help to bring in younger residents. This waterfront park will host a series of programmed events and concerts ranging in size. However, when not hosting an event or concert the park will be a prime location for all to recreate, learn, rest, play, and gather. The Solar Canopy System will allow for educational opportunities in addition to an attraction. Essentially, this park will serve as Clearwater’s premier downtown park and be a lively destination year round, day and night.

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About the Author

95

BRETT LEZON

Objective

Education

Landscape Architecture + Design P r o f e s s i o n a l R e s u m e

1004 W. Marsh St. Muncie, IN 47304 | 815.545.2197 | [email protected]

To obtain an entry level position as a landscape architect upon graduation in the spring of 2011

Ball State University_Bachelor of Landscape Architecture_May 2011

ASLA Advocacy Day 2010_One of five students nominated nationally to attend

Community Service_Helped design & construct John Craddock Wetland in Muncie_2009-2010

The Morton Arboretum Branches newsletter_Highlighted in an article in Fall 2009 edition

Leadership President, Ball State Student Chapter ASLA_April 2009 to May 2011

Student Advisory Board_January 2011 to May 2011

Undergraduate Curriculum Committee_February 2011 to May 2011

ProfessionalActivities

LABASH_2009-Penn State_2010-UNLV_2011-Purdue

ASLA Annual Meeting & EXPO_Chicago, IL_2009

INASLA Annual Meeting_Indianapolis, IN_2009-2010

Chicago Flower & Garden Show_2009-2011

Craddock Design/Build Charrette_Muncie, IN_2009

Rehbein Design Charrette_Ball State University_2008

Skills & Abilities AutoCAD 2011

Google SketchUp Pro 8 Adobe Illustrator_InDesign_Photoshop Microsoft Word_Excel_Powerpoint Google Earth

SketchingDraftingHand Rendering marker_colored pencilDigital Rendering photoshop_illustrator

Software GraphicFundamentalTeam WorkCommunication verbal_written_graphicCritical ThinkingProblem SolvingConceptual Development

ProfessionalExperience

Participant Immersive Learning Project (Indianapolis, IN) March 2011 - April 2011As a class we led multiple design charrettes for the Indiana Interchurch Center, prepared a master plan, planting plan, maintenance plan, sought out donations/grants, and installed our design. Ultimately, we met the requirements for an Indiana certified wildlife friendly habitat.

Intern City of Clearwater_Parks & Recreation (Clearwater, FL) May 2010 - August 2010Responsibilities included preparation of construction documents, conceptual design, master planning, site design, and meeting with contractors.

Volunteer The Morton Arboretum (Lisle, IL) June 2009 - August 2009Assisted horticulturists and plant biologists in maintaining display gardens and lake environment.

Laborer Fawn Landscaping & Nursery, Inc. (Frankfort, IL) May 2008 - July 2008Duties included constructing residential and commercial landscapes.

Achievements

References available upon request

09

Ap

pen

dic

es II

96

BRETT LEZON

Objective

Education



























Achievements


BRETT LEZON

Objective

Education



























Achievements


Figure 9.1-LABASH 2010Image-Brett Lezon

References

97

“Bing Maps.” Bing. Web. 18 Nov. 2010.

“Clearwater, FL Harborview Center.” Personal interview. 28 Dec. 2010.

“Clearwater, Florida (FL) Profile Web. 20 Oct. 2010.

Coffin, Richard. The Harvard Political Review. Web. 01 Dec. 2010.

Colquhoun, Ian. “1.” Urban Regeneration: an International Perspective. London: B.T. Batsford, 1995. 15- 32. Print.

Crankshaw, Ned. Creating Vibrant Public Spaces: Streetscape Design in Commercial and Historic Districts. Washington: Island, 2009. Print.

Cultural Heritage Tourism. Web. 02 Dec. 2010.

Dahl, Bernie, and Donald J. Molnar. Anatomy of a Park: the Essentials of Recreation Area Planning and Design. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland, 2003. Print.

“Detailed Statistics.” American FactFinder. Web. 20 Oct. 2010.

Drennen, Emily. “Traffic Calming Economic Development Benefits.” Web. 28 Oct. 2010.

“The Economic Benefits of Denver’s Park and Recreation System.” The Trust for Public Land, July 2010. Web. 26 Oct. 2010.

“Economics of Beach Tourism in Florida.” Center for Urban and Environmental Solutions, Florida Atlantic. Web. 29 Oct. 2010.

Gaffen. “Urban Waterfront Development.” Web. 25 Oct. 2010.

Geddes, Patrick. “Your Development - Successful Public Spaces.” Your Development - Creating Sustainable Neighbourhoods - Home. Web. 24 Oct. 2010.

Harte, Alexis. “San Antonio Riverwalk.” American Forests (2003). Print.

“Heritage Tourism.” PreservationNation Homepage - National Trust for Historic Preservation. Web. 30

“Homelessness.” About Pinellas Kids. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. “Lafayette Square.” Design Observer. Web. 1 Dec. 2010.

Livezey, Lowell. Public Religion and Urban Transformation: Faith in the City. New York: New York UP, 2000. Print.

“Millenium Park.” Rudy Bruner Award. Web. 15 Oct. 2010.

Moscardo, Gianna. “Third-Age Tourism.” Web. 25 Oct. 2010.

MyClearwater.com. Web. 16 Nov. 2010.

“Paved with Gold: the Real Value of Street Design | Publications | CABE.” CABE - the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment. Web. 31 Oct. 2010.

Project for Public Spaces. Web. 02 Dec. 2010.

“Public Art & Design Program.” City of Clearwater. Web. 29 Oct. 2010.

Salvesen, David. “Waterfont Cities.” Web. 23 Oct. 2010.

“Streetscape Improvements.” Enhancing Urban Roadway Design. Victoria Transport Policy Institute. Web. 27 Oct. 2010.

The Dirt. Web. 01 Dec. 2010.

Thornley, Andy. The Crisis of London. London: Routledge, 1992. Google Books. Web. 30 Oct. 2010.

Tumbde, Deepali. “Economic Development of the Waterfront.” 5 Aug. 2005. Web. 25 Oct. 2010.

“The World’s Most Valuable Sporting Event Brands - Forbes.com.” Forbes.com. Web. 25 Oct. 2010.

“Bing Maps.” Bing. Web. 18 Nov. 2010.

“Clearwater, FL Harborview Center.” Personal interview. 28 Dec. 2010.

“Clearwater, Florida (FL) Profile Web. 20 Oct. 2010.

Coffin, Richard. The Harvard Political Review. Web. 01 Dec. 2010.

Colquhoun, Ian. “1.” Urban Regeneration: an International Perspective. London: B.T. Batsford, 1995. 15- 32. Print.

Crankshaw, Ned. Creating Vibrant Public Spaces: Streetscape Design in Commercial and Historic Districts. Washington: Island, 2009. Print.

Cultural Heritage Tourism. Web. 02 Dec. 2010.

Dahl, Bernie, and Donald J. Molnar. Anatomy of a Park: the Essentials of Recreation Area Planning and Design. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland, 2003. Print.

“Detailed Statistics.” American FactFinder. Web. 20 Oct. 2010.

Drennen, Emily. “Traffic Calming Economic Development Benefits.” Web. 28 Oct. 2010.

“The Economic Benefits of Denver’s Park and Recreation System.” The Trust for Public Land, July 2010. Web. 26 Oct. 2010.

“Economics of Beach Tourism in Florida.” Center for Urban and Environmental Solutions, Florida Atlantic. Web. 29 Oct. 2010.

Gaffen. “Urban Waterfront Development.” Web. 25 Oct. 2010.

Geddes, Patrick. “Your Development - Successful Public Spaces.” Your Development - Creating Sustainable Neighbourhoods - Home. Web. 24 Oct. 2010.

Harte, Alexis. “San Antonio Riverwalk.” American Forests (2003). Print.

“Heritage Tourism.” PreservationNation Homepage - National Trust for Historic Preservation. Web. 30

“Homelessness.” About Pinellas Kids. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. “Lafayette Square.” Design Observer. Web. 1 Dec. 2010.

Livezey, Lowell. Public Religion and Urban Transformation: Faith in the City. New York: New York UP, 2000. Print.

“Millenium Park.” Rudy Bruner Award. Web. 15 Oct. 2010.

Moscardo, Gianna. “Third-Age Tourism.” Web. 25 Oct. 2010.

MyClearwater.com. Web. 16 Nov. 2010.

“Paved with Gold: the Real Value of Street Design | Publications | CABE.” CABE - the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment. Web. 31 Oct. 2010.

Project for Public Spaces. Web. 02 Dec. 2010.

“Public Art & Design Program.” City of Clearwater. Web. 29 Oct. 2010.

Salvesen, David. “Waterfont Cities.” Web. 23 Oct. 2010.

“Streetscape Improvements.” Enhancing Urban Roadway Design. Victoria Transport Policy Institute. Web. 27 Oct. 2010.

The Dirt. Web. 01 Dec. 2010.

Thornley, Andy. The Crisis of London. London: Routledge, 1992. Google Books. Web. 30 Oct. 2010.

Tumbde, Deepali. “Economic Development of the Waterfront.” 5 Aug. 2005. Web. 25 Oct. 2010.

“The World’s Most Valuable Sporting Event Brands - Forbes.com.” Forbes.com. Web. 25 Oct. 2010.

Comprehensive Project

Documents

Transcript of Comprehensive Project