Comprehensive MRV

System for REDD Plus

in Indonesia

Mitsuru OSAKICenter for Sustainability Science of Hokkaido University

Farhan HELMYNational Council on Climate Change, Indonesia

Kazuyo HIROSECenter for Sustainability Science of Hokkaido University

Doddy SUKADRINational Council on Climate Change, Indonesia

Noriyuki KobayashiNihon University

Presented to the First Meeting of REDD-Development Task Force

Manila, 25-26 January 2011

Indonesia’s emission is predicted to increase

from 2.1 to 3.3 GtCO2e between 2005 and 2030

Emission projection1, Million ton CO2e

850 970 1,050

370

810

60

222

442

23

23

31

Transportation

Electricity

LULUCF2

Peat

Agriculture

Oil and Gas

Cement

Building

2030

3,260

590

151

10575

38

2020

2,534

650

143103

45

2005

2,052

760

110

12996

Share of global emissions1 Covered only direct emission from each sector;

2 LULUCF emission is based on the net emission, i.e. including absorption;

5.0% 5.1%

Sources: Dewi, S. ICRAF,(2009), Minang, P.A 2010 (modified)

The four pillars of AFOLU/REALU would help

reduce CO2 emission in Indonesia

REDD

REPEAT

RESTOCK

REAGG

Adaptive sustainable livelihood

and climate resilience

Integrity of accounting system based on AFOLU guidelines

National sovereignty within CBDR principle

Social and environmental integrity

IPCC2006 Guideline

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

(e.g

. e

ve

ry y

ea

r)

Importance of MRV for REDD+

M

RV

IPPU = Industrial Processes + Solvent Use

Uncertainty of Emission from Indonesian Peat

DNPI, (2010)

Different estimates are derived from different methodologies and sources.

Uncertainties of estimates are derived from four

factors as follow;

1: Different approaches

2: Different methods

3: Different models

4: Different assumptions

Wosten et al. (2008)

Jeanicke et al. (2008)

Comprehensive MRV system is necessary

Uncertainty of Emission from Indonesian Peat

Different result

Comprehensive understanding of Carbon

in Tropical Peatland

Carbon emission

by fire

Carbon emission

by microorganisms

degradation

Deforestation・Dryness of ground surface

・Decrease water holding

capacity

Drainage

Construction・Decrease water table

Carbon loss

through water

Ecosystem Change・Farming/ Vegetation

Tree growth/ mortality

• Change of water table

and water content

• Emission by fire and decomposition

Summarized by Hokkaido University based on the field observations since 1997

Water

Statue

1997-2006:JSPS project

2008 to date: JST-JICA

project

PALSAR, AMSR-E

(4), (5), (6), (7)GOSAT (1)

Satellite

Airborne

/***UAV

GroundTower(1)

Terra & Aqua

MODIS (2)

LiDAR (4), (6), (7)UAV(1), (3)

ASTER, Hisui

(3), (4), (8)

(7)Peat subsidence

(5)Water level,

& Soil moisture

(3) Forest degradation

& Species mapping

(1) CO2 Flux &

Concentration

*FES-C (1)

*FES-C : Fiber Etalon Solar measurement of CO2

**VHR : Very High Resolution Remote Sensing Data

***UAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Lateral CO2 Flux

Vertical CO2 Flux

DGPS(5)

DGPS(5)

Chamber(1)

Water

Gauge(6)(6)Peat dome detection

& Peat thickness

Drilling(7)

(2) Wildfire detection

& Hotspot

(8)Water soluble

organic carbon

Red: Instrument

Black: Target

(4) Deforestation &

Forest biomass

change

Landsat, SPOT,

TerraSAR,

AVNIR-2, **VHR

Sensors (3), (4)

Key Elements of the proposed MRV system in Peatland (Full-Spec)

• Amount of below ground biomass is generally more

than 15-20 times than above ground biomass

→ Impact of CO2 emission is serious

• Peatland has most complicated carbon system

→ Dry Land can be measured by peatland MRV

system without peatland specific parameters;

1) peat thickness

2) peat subsidence

3) water soluble organic carbon

Comprehensive MRV System for REDD+

☆Characteristics of peatland carbon stock

Proposed MRV System and Requirement

: Must

1.CO2

Concentra

tion, Flux

2.Peat/for

est fire

and

Hotspot

3.Forest

degradati

on/recove

ry and

species

mapping

4.Deforest

ation,

Forest

biomass

change

5.Peatland

subsidence

6.Water

level and

soil

moisture

7.Peat

dome

detection,

Peat

thickness

and

carbon

storage

8.Water

soluble

organic

carbon

1.Climate

(Precipitati

on,

Temperat

ure, Wind,

etc.)

2.Topogr

aphy/

DEM

3.Populat

ion

4.Econo

my

5.Infrastr

ucture

6. Land

Tenure

7.Etc.

FESC, Flux

Tower,

Chamber

Thermomet

er

Spectromet

er

Allometric

Models

DGPS Water

Gauge,

moisture

sensor?

Drill DOC

sensor

Type

GHSs ○Hotspot ○Middle

Resolution○ ○ ○

ASTER-DEM

High Resolution ○ ○ ○ALOS/

PRISM

Spaceborne

Hyper○ ○

Airborne Hyper ○ ○

L-Band SAR ○ ○ ○ ○ ○C-Band/

Others SAR○ ○ ○ ○

SRTM

X-Band SAR TerraSAR ○LiDAR ○ ○

Scale Area Tool

National Space

Borne N N R

Sub-National/

District

> 100,000 (ha) Airborne

N N R R N R R N R R R R R R

Project 100,000 (ha) > Ground

baseR R S S R S S R S S S S S S

B A A B B B A C

Elements / Parameters General Information

Measument Parameters

Ground Measurement

Equipment/Methods

Satellite

Data

Sensors

MODIS

LANDSAT/SPOT/ASTER/

AVNIR-2

Quickbird/IKONOS/PRIS

M

Measure

ment

Level

GOSAT

S:Strongly Requested R:Requested N:Necessary

Availability(A:Developed, B:to be developed, C:Challenge)

Hyperion/HISUI

Hymap, AVIRIS

JERS-1/PALSAR

ERS/RADARSAT

/SRTM/AMSR-E

Consultant Companies

Top-down

• satellite

• airplane

• inverse model

Bottom-up

• Ground observation

• flux observation

• process model

Integrated,

practical carbon

budget map

・Carbon Emission by Fire

・Carbon Loss through Water

・Carbon Emission by Microorganisms

Degradation

・Tree Growth/Mortality

Carbon-Water Simulator

Comprehensive MRV System for REDD+

•Reporting

•Verification

•MeasuringCertification

Proposed VER scheme for Indonesia

(ii) Validation

(iii) Application(i) Development PDD

(v) Implementation

(Example of applicable

reduction / sink project)

(iv) Receipt, Registration

(ix) Certification

(x) Credit issuance

(e-credit in VER registry)

(vi) Measuring

(viii) VerificationSubmit verification report

↑Project planning

↓Project implementation

(xi) Money

Use VER for carbon offsetting

VER registry

Hold VERs in the registry

Project Implementation Body VER Executive Body for

Certification

Companies emitting GHGs

Account VER*1

Account VER*2

Acquire VERs in the registry

Remarks:

*1 : Account of Project Implementation Body

*2 : Account of Companies Emitting GHGs

(vii) Reporting

Submit monitoring report

*This scheme is based on ISO14064-2, ISO14064-3

*Validation and verification are by validator and verifier

accredited based on ISO14065

(source : Adopted from MOEJ materials)

How to establish comprehensive MRV

Who should be involved

Government, University,

Private Sector, NGOs….

How to integrate data, protocol

for MRV with QA/QC, etc..

Proposal of “SAPPORO INITIATIVE”

Comprehensive MRV System for REDD+

Tentative Proposal on DRAFT SAPPORO INITIATIVE

By DNPI, Hokkaido University, BPPT, Central Kalimantan Gov., etc..

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Comprehensive MRV System for REDD+

Output