Comprehensive Immunology
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Transcript of Comprehensive Immunology
ComprehensiveImmunology
Penelope Morel MDRussell Salter PhD
What you will learn
CELLS: What cells contribute to immune response, where they aregenerated, how they migrate
RECEPTORS AND LIGANDS: recognition of foreign antigens,cytokines, chemokines
SIGNALS: How cells are activated EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS: how pathogens are removed REGULATION: how the system is kept in control
Class resources
SYLLABUS: List of lectures, outlines, reading assignments TEXTBOOK: Immunobiology: The immune system in health and disease.
Sixth edition JOURNAL ARTICLES: links to all assigned reading is on the website - if
not it is on reserve in Falk library WEBSITE: www.dean-med.pitt.edu/biomed/immunology/CI_EBI.html
This site has all necessary links and is where power pointpresentations will be loaded
HANDOUTS: Each lecturer will provide a handout of his slides.
What journals?
Primary Articles: Immunity, Nature Immunology,J. Immunol., J. Exp Med., Eur. J. Immuno.,Nature, Science, Cell etc
Review Articles:Nature Reviews Immunology,Annual Review of Immunology, Trends inImmunology, Current Opinions in Immunology,Immunological Reviews etc.
Exams
Three in class exams Short answer format On day of exam the class will start at 8:30am Each exam has equal weight and will cover the
material immediately prior to the exam
What is the immune systemfor and how does it do it?
To recognize a pathogen To react and enlist an appropriate response To eliminate the pathogen To “remember” an encounter with a pathogen:
immunological memory To avoid damage to self tissues
What antigens does the immunesystem respond to? Bacteria Viruses Parasites Fungi Toxins Prions
Transplants Allergens Tumors Dead cells Pregnancy/fetus Self antigens -
autoimmunity
What are the sites of infection?
Skin Mucosal surfaces Central Nervous System Visceral organs (e.g. liver, kidney) Blood Inside cells Outside cells
Players in the immuneresponse
Dendritic cells: located in tissues, high endocyticcapacity, sample the environment for antigens
T cells: in T cell area of LN, coordinate the immuneresponse
B cells: in follicles of LN, recirculating, makeantibodies that neutralize pathogens
Effector cells: cytotoxic T cells, activatedmacrophages,
Dendritic cells and the controlof immunity
Banchereau and SteinmanNature 392:245
Nature Rev. Immunol. 3:984, 2003
Effector Mechanisms
Antibody neutralization Opsonization Direct killing - complement Cytotoxicity - infected cells by cytotoxic cells
(CD8 T cells, NK cells Intracellular mechanisms of killing
Figure 1-24 part 1 of 3
Figure 1-24 part 2 of 3
Figure 1-24 part 3 of 3
Figure 1-25
Figure 1-26
Levels of Immune regulation
Homeostatic control - steady state Peripheral tolerance to self antigens - prevent
autoimmunity Initiation and termination of immune responses to
foreign antigens - what is a pathogen? And howdo you turn off the response?
Immunological memory
Diseases studied byimmunologists Infections: vaccine development Autoimmunity: Usually Th1 diseases Cancer : immunotherapy and vaccines Allergy: usually Th2 dominated Transplant rejection Gene Therapy: how to replace a defective gene
without stimulating the immune system