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Transcript of Comprehensive Fire Stop Tutorial
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Saving Lives and PropertyThrough Fire and Smoke Containment 2004 IFC
Presented by:
International Firestop Council
Firestop Inspection Training
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The Curriculum
1. Containment In Construction2. Code Requirements
3. How Firestopping Is TestedA. Penetrations
B. Head of WallC. Perimeter Barriers
4. The System Approach
5. Firestop Inspection
6. Firestop Contractor International Assoc.
7. Conclusion
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Containment In Construction
Section1
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The ThreeElements
OF LifeSafety
DETECTION
SUPPRESSIONCOMPARTMENTALIZATION
(1)
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Where is firestop required?
1) Containment In Construction
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Through-Penetrations
1) Containment In Construction
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Membrane-Penetrations
1) Containment In Construction
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Construction Joints
1) Containment In Construction
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Perimeter Containment
1) Containment In Construction
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1) Containment In Construction
Why is Firestopping Required?
To compartmentalize and prevent the spread of
flame and smoke through a structure during a fire
Life Safety
- Specification of fire barriers
and proper firestopping details
- Proper installation
- Diligent inspection
Mandated by the Codes
First Interstate Bank Building
Los Angeles, 1987
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Other Notable Fires:
August 2000 - Moscows Ostankino Tower
Cause of fire - Short circuit in wiring
Automatic sprinklers failed
May 1977 - Beverly Hills Supper Club
Cause of fire - Short circuit in wiring
Smoke and toxic gases killed 165
Litigation completed in 2001
1980 MGM Grand Hotel84 Died679 Injured
Sprinkler System Failure
Other Notable Fires:
May 2001 - Taipei Office Building
Fire started on 3rd Floor
Spread and jumped to 26th Floor
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Code Requirements
Section 2
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Regional Codes:Test Standards
IBC UBC SBC BOCA
Through
Penetration
ASTM E814
UL 1479
ASTM E814
UL 1479
ASTM E814
UL 1479
ASTM E814
UL 1479
JointsUL 2079
ANSI 2079
UL 2079
UBC AC-30
UL 2079(ASTM E119 &
ASTM E1399)
UL 2079(ASTM E119 &
ASTM E1399)
Perimeter
Barriers
ASTM E119
UL 263(ISMA-
ASTM E2307)
ASTM E119
UL 263(ISMA
UBC 29-6)
ASTM E119
UL 263(ISMA-
ASTM E2307)
ASTM E119
UL 263(ISMA-
ASTM E2307)
2) Code Requirements
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2) Code Requirements - IBC
Through-Penetrations Sections 711.3.1.2 & 711.4.1.2: Through-Penetrations
Through-penetrations shall be protected by an approved
penetration firestop system installed as tested in accordance with
ASTM E814, with a minimum positive pressure differential of 0.01
inch of water and shall have:
- an F rating of not less than the required fire resistance rating of the
wall penetrated.
- an F rating and a T rating of not less than 1 hour but not less than
the required rating of the floor penetrated.
Exceptions:
1) A T rating is not required for floor penetrations that are
contained and located within a wall cavity
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Sections 711.3.2 & 711.4.2 : Membrane Penetrations
Code Summary:
Membrane penetrations are firestopped the same asthrough penetrations
Exceptions:
If the steel outlet box is less than 16 sq. in., provided that the
openings do not exceed 100 sq. in. for any 100 sq. ft.
Outlet boxes on opposite sides of the wall are separated by a
horizontal distance of more than 24 inches.
Membrane Penetrations
2) Code Requirements - IBC
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Section 712.1: Fire Resistive Joint Systems
Joints installed in or between fire resistance rated assemblies shall be
protected by an approved fire-resistant joint system designed to resist thepassage of fire for a time period not less than the required fire-resistance
rating of the assembly in which it is installed.
Section 712.3: Fire-resistant joint systems shall be tested in
accordance with the requirements of UL 2079.
Joints
2) Code Requirements - IBC
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Section 712.4: Exterior Wall Assemblies
Code Summary:
voids created at the intersection of exterior curtain wall
assemblies and fire rated floor or floor ceiling assemblies, shall be
sealed with an approved material. Such material shall be securely
installed and capable of preventing the passage of flame and hot
gases sufficient to ignite cotton waste where subjected to ASTM
E119 time-temperature fire conditions ...
Reality:
Code language does not reference a test standard specific to
perimeter joints because one does not officially exist
Joints at exterior curtain wall assemblies currently evaluated to
ASTM E2307 (new standard)
Perimeter Barriers
2) Code Requirements - IBC
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Code provisions provide clear direction for inclusion information
on the plans.
IBC Section 106.1.1, 2000 IBC
NBC Section 703.1 and 703.2, 1999 NBC
UBC Section 106.3.3, 706.1 and 710.2.3, 1997 UBC
SBC Section 104.2.4, 1999 SBC
IBC 106.1.1 - Information on Construction Documents shall be ofsufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of the work
proposed and show in detail that it will conform to the provisions of this
codes, relevant laws, ordinances, rules and regulations, as determined
by the building official.
Submittals
2) Code Requirements - IBC
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Codes mandate through-penetrations and joints MUST NOT be
concealed from view until inspected and approved:
NBC Section 703.1.1, 1999 NBC
UBC Section 108.5.1, 1997 UBC
SBC Section 105.10, 1999 SBC
IBC Section 109.3.6, 2000 IBC
IBC 109.3.6 Fire resistant penetrations - Protection of joints andpenetrations in fire resistant rated assemblies shall not be concealed
from view until inspected and approved.
Inspection
2) Code Requirements - IBC
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How Firestopping is Tested
Section 3
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Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
Omega Point Laboratories
Factory Mutual Standards Laboratories
Intertek (Warnock Hersey) Listings
Third Party Testing Labs
American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM)
Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL)
Labs Test to Standards
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3 Parts of a UL System:
1) Fire-Rated Wall or Floor
2) Penetrating Item(s) (If any)
3) Firestop Fill Material(s)
3) How Firestopping is Tested
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Through-Penetration Test
Before
ASTM E119 TIME TEMPERATURE CURVE
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ASTM E119 TIME - TEMPERATURE CURVE
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Through-Penetration Test
During
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Through-Penetration Test
After
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Hose Stream Test
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Example of Successful Testing
Construction - 4 PVC Through Drywall
Firestopping - Intumescent Device & Sealant
Before After
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Main Criteria:
F-Rating: Prohibits flame passage through the system for
the duration of the fire test.
T-Rating: Max. temp. rise of 325 F above ambient on the
non-fireside
L-Rating: Amount of air leakage
Hose Stream Performance
Through-Penetration Systems
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Head of Wall Jo int
Fire Resistive Joint Testing
Floo r to Floo r Join t
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ASTM E1399:Cyclic Movement and Measuring Min. & Max.
Joint Widths of Architectural Joint Systems
Cycling Requirements
Class Movement Min. Cycles Frequency
I Thermal 500 1 cycle / min.
II Wind Sway 500 10 cycle / min.
III Seismic 100 30 cycle / min.
IV Combined 100 30 cycle /
min.& 400 10 cycle / min
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Before
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After Fire Exposure
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Hosestream
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Hosestream Failure
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PATHS OF FIREPROPAGATION
Perimeter Barrier Testing
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Room burner
from outside
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After room
burner burns for
5 minutes, the
window burner
is ignited.
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Perimeter Barrier Testing
Perimeter barrier systems are unique Mineral wool and sealant of the joint area alone is
usually not sufficient
ExceptionsConcrete, granite panels
Most approved curtain wall designs require protectionof the spandrel area in addition to the joint area
Most glass and aluminum curtain wall perimeter barrier
designs require some type of mechanical additions to
meet fire test standards. Many curtain walls are customized, therefore requiring
an Engineering Judgment
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Alternate Enclosure
Duct Testing
UL 1978Standard for Grease Ductwork
UL 263 (ASTM E119) and ISO 69441985
Standard for Air/Ventilation Ductwork
UL 1479 (ASTM E814)
Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of
Through-Penetration Firestops
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UL 1978Standard for Grease Ducts
500F Conditioning~4 Hours UntilDuct Comes to Equilibrium
Simulates Continuous Operation
2000F for 30 Minutes
Simulates Transient Grease Fire
Temperature CriteriaOutside of Wrap to Remain Below250F Plus Ambient
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Alternate Enclosure Duct Testing
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The System Approach
Section 4
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UL Approved No Such Thing (Only AHJ
approves products/systems
UL Classif ied Lab has used the country
requirements to evaluate the product
for specific hazards or properties
UL L isted Passes the standard test and isin the labs directory
4) The System Approach
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Example 1:
UL Listed - Through Penetration System
C-AJ-1079
4) The System Approach
Navigating UL
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Navigating UL:THROUGH PENETRATION FIRESTOP SYSTEMS (XHEZ)
First Alpha Charactersignifies what is being penetrated
F = Floors
W = Walls
C = Walls and Floors
Combination Floor or Wall
C-AJ-1079
4) The System Approach
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Navigating UL:
THROUGH PENETRATION FIRESTOP SYSTEMS (XHEZ)
Following Alpha Character(s)wall or floor construction type
A = Concrete floors
5 inch thickB = Concrete floors 5 inch thick
C = Framed floors
D = Steel decks in marine vessels
E-I = Reserved for future use
J = Concrete or masonry walls 8 inch thick
K = Concrete or masonry walls 8 inch thick
L = Framed walls
M = Bulkheads in marine vessels
N-Z = Reserved for future use
C-AJ-1079Construction Type of Floor or Wall
4) The System Approach
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Navigating UL:THROUGH PENETRATION FIRESTOP SYSTEMS (XHEZ)
Numeric Componentfirst digit identifies the type of penetrant,next three are sequential system numbering
0000-0999 = No Penetrant
1000-1999 = Metallic pipe, conduit or tubing2000-2999 = Nonmetallic pipe, conduit or tubing
3000-3999 = Electrical cables
4000-4999 = Cable trays with electrical cables
5000-5999 = Insulated pipes
6000-6999 = Busways7000-7999 = HVAC ducts
8000-8999 = Mixed multiple penetrations
9000-9999 = Reserved for future useC-AJ-1079
Individual System Number
C-AJ-1079Penetrant Type
4) The System Approach
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HW-D-0034
Example 2: UL System - Joints
Navigating UL
4) The System Approach
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Navigating UL:
JOINT SYSTEMS (XHBN)
First Two Alpha Charactersidentify the type of jointsystem
FF = Floor-to-Floor
WW = Wall-to-Wall
FW = Floor-to-Wall
HW = Head-of-Wall HW-D-0034Barriers That Form The Joint
4) The System Approach
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Navigating UL:
JOINT SYSTEMS (XHBN)
Next Alpha Characteridentifies the movement capabilities
of the system
D = Dynamic (movement capabilities)
S = Static (no movement capabilities)
HW-D-0034Movement: Static or Dynamic?
4) The System Approach
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Navigating UL:
JOINT SYSTEMS (XHBN)
Numeric Componentfirst digit identifies the width of the jointsystem, next three are sequential system numbering
0000-0999 = joint 2 inch
1000-1999 = joint 2 inch 6 inch
2000-2999 = joint 6 inch 12 inch
3000-3999 = joint 12 inch 24 inch
4000-4999 = joint24 inch
HW-D-0034Individual System Number
HW-D-0034Joint Width
4) The System Approach
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W-L-5130
C-AJ-7009
F-C-2004
4) The System Approach
4) Th S t A h
SYSTEM No. C-AJ-1379
F Ratings 3 Hr
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4) The System Approach
What type of building assembly is requiring firestopping? Floor or Wall
What type of material is the building assembly Concrete, CMU, Gypsum, Wood Frame
What is the penetrating item(s)? Metallic, Nonmetallic, Cables, Insulated, Construction Joints, etc.
What are the specific descriptions regarding thepenetrants? Diameter, quantity, type of plastic, type & thickness of insulation,
etc.
What is the hourly rating you are looking for? F Rating, T Rating
Are there any special considerations?
Movement, Environmental exposure
F Ratings 3 HrT Ratings 0 Hr
1A. Floor or Wall AssemblyMin 4-1/2 in. thick reinforced normal weight (150 pcf) concrete.Wall may also be constructed of any UL classified Concrete Blocks*. Max diam of opening is26-1/2 in.
See Concrete Blocks(CAZT) category in the Fire Resistance Rating Directory for namesof manufacturers.
1B. Metallic Sleeve (optional)Nom 16 in. (or smaller), Schedule 10 (or heavier) steel pipesleeve, cast or grouted into floor or wall assembly.
2. Through Penetrants One metallic pipe or tubing to be installed concentrically oreccentrically into opening such that the annular space between the pipe and the periphery of the
opening is min 0 in. (point of contact) to max 2-1/2 in. Pipe to be firmly supported on both sides ofopening. The following types and sizes of pipes may be used:(a) Nom. 24 in. diam (or smaller) Schedule 30 (or heavier) steel or iron pipe.(b) Nom. 4 in. diam (or smaller) electrical metallic tubing.
3. Packing MaterialMineral wool insulation of min 4 pcf firmly pressed into opening as apermanent form. Insulation material to be recessed by min depth of 1/2 in. from top surface offloor or both surfaces of wall.
4. Fill, Void, or Cavity Materials* Caulk Min 1/2 in. thickness of fill material appliedwithin the annulus, flush with top surface of floor or both surfaces of wall. A min 1/4 in. crown ofthe caulking material shall be applied around the entire circumference of the pipe at the level ofthe floor surface or both wall surfaces.
W. R. GRACE & CO. CONN. FlameSafe FS900+
* Bearing the UL Classification Marking.
Company ABCSuperDuper Sealant
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Engineering Judgments:
What are they?
When are they acceptable? When are they not appropriate?
What are the guidelines?
4) The System Approach
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4) The System Approach
When are they acceptable? When tested systems do not exist.
When modifying the application is unrealistic.
When existing test data supports theinterpolation.
When the author has experience with andknowledge of the conditions.
When an illustration is provided to aid ininstallation.
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Sources of Engineering Judgements Manufacturer
Third party labs (UL)
Fire Protection Engineer
Professional Engineer
Must be based on sound engineering practice andknowledge of both field application and capabilities
of system components
4) The System Approach
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According to the InternationalFirestop Council listed firestop
systems can be broadened within
the context of their originally tested
and rated conditionsthrough the
careful and restricted application ofaccepted engineering principles and
fire protection testing guidelines.
4) The System Approach
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Firestop Inspection
Section 5
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5) Firestop Inspection
Consider all other, life-safety building materials required by code...
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No Licensed Contractors
Usually Installed by Trades
Firestop Considered Beneath
Them
Most Users are Untrained
Firestopping in the Real World
5) Firestop Inspection
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1. Rarely installedcorrectly
2. Install the sameway everywhere
The REDRINGSynd rome
5) Firestop Inspection
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Annular Space
5) Firestop Inspection
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1. Centered 2. Off-Centered
3. Point Contact
4. Continuous
Point Contact
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Crown Bead at Point Contact
5) Firestop Inspection
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Penetrating
Item
5) Firestop Inspection
Profile of Firestop Sealant
Poor Sealant
Footprint
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5) Firestop Inspection
Profile of Firestop Sealant
Improved Sealant
Footprint
Penetrating
Item
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Duct Considerations:
Flat Sides > 24 Must Be Anchored
Anchors Into Duct Only, Not Wall
Framing Gauge Equal to (or Heavier)
Than Duct
Inspect Sealant Before Angle
5) Firestop Inspection
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5) Fi t I ti
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NFPA 13 Annular Space Limitations
If Pipe < 3.5 then annular = 1
If pipe > 3.5 then annular = 2
Annular must be 360 degrees
Pipe Movement
Seismic Movement
Water-Hammer from Testing
Metallic Sprinkler Pipe Considerations
5) Firestop Inspection
5) Fi t I ti El t i l B
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5) Firestop Inspection - Electrical Boxes
5) Fi t I ti
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Electrical Boxes: You are allowed to have unprotected outlet
boxes in a wall if there is no more than 100 sq.inches of total openings per 100 sq. feet of wall.
Boxes must have at least a 24 inch horizontalseparation.
Putty pads have been tested to maintain the
ASTM E-119 test standard, with boxes installedless than 24 apart, as long as boxes are notback to back.
5) Firestop Inspection
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Inspecting Firestop for
Compliance Video
Visual Inspection Quiz
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Visual Inspection Quiz
Whats wrong with these installs?
Dissimilar products in the same opening is not allowed
Vi l I i Q i
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Visual Inspection Quiz
Whats wrong with these installs?
Drywall mud is never an
acceptable firestop material
Collar should be flush with ceiling
surface
Visual Inspection Quiz
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Visual Inspection Quiz
Whats wrong with this install?
Head of wall joint
is firestopped,
but penetrationsare not
Is there
firestopping
behind the
drywall mud?
Penetrant
opening at top
of wall must befirestopped
with same
product as
head of wall
Visual Inspection Quiz
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Visual Inspection Quiz
Whats wrong with these installs?
Visually Nothing
Does number and type of wrap
strip match design?
Is there sealant in the void?
Does thickness and overlap of
coating match design?
What type and amount of backing
material is behind coating?
5) Firestop Inspection
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The FirestopPre-Construction
Meeting
Review Design DrawingsSubmittals
Obtain Pre-Approved
Engineering Judgments
Schedule Work and Inspections
5) Firestop Inspection
5) Firestop Inspection
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Build a Mock-Up
5) Firestop Inspection
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Simplifying the Inspection Process
Installation Stickers
Placed next to each penetration firestop orperiodically along a joint firestop
Should meet FCIA and/or architecturalspecifications
Firestop Contractors
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Firestop Contractors
International Association
Contractors specializing in
installation of firestop systems
Understand firestoppingrequirements across all areas of
construction
Committed to providing consistent,
high-quality installations
Active in the advancement of the
firestopping industry
6) FCIA FM 4991 Approved Contractor
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Factory Mutual FM 4991 is the first Approval of People.
Min. 2 years in firestop installation business
Designated Responsible Individual (DRI) is formally
tested by FM, retest every 3 years
FCIA Manual of Practice and FM 4991
Selection of Firestop Systems and Assemblies
Documented and archived record keeping system for
all installations
Must have an approved Quality Control Manual
Firestop Systems and Assemblies
Training
6) FCIAFM 4991 Approved Contractor
6) FCIA
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Why use an FCIA / FM4991 Contractor?
Peace of Mind
A Job Well DoneProfessionalism
Public Safety
6) FCIA
7) Conclusion
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Frequently Asked
Questions?
7) Conclusion
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7) Conclusion - Frequently Asked Questions?
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ARE ALL FIRESTOP SEALANTS EQUAL?
NO. Each manufacturers material has its own unique properties
and functions when applied in a firestop system design.
Similar firestop products cannot be used interchangeably
Each firestop system must be judged on its own merits andwithin the parameters of each manufacturers system specific
design
7) Conclusion- Frequently Asked Questions?
7) Conclusion - Frequently Asked Questions?
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IS MINERAL WOOL 1-HOUR RATED?
NO. Mineral wool is a component of many firestop systems but is
normally used in conjunction with sealants or coatings
Mineral wool alone does not pass the hose stream test
Mineral wool alone will not provide a smoke seal
7) Conclusion- Frequently Asked Questions?
7) Conclusion
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Final Thoughts
7) Conclusion
Firestopping is only installed to
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You are the last line of defense!
We need your help to ensure:
The code is enforced
Contractors do the job per specifications
Owner gets what is being paid for
Firestopping is only installed to
the level of knowledge of the AHJ
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Product Information
- manufacturerswebsites
International
Firestop Council
(IFC) -
www.firestop.org
Firestop
Contractors
International
Association (FCIA)
-www.fcia.org
IFC pocket
Firestopping
Inspection Manual
IFC Inspection
Guidelines for
Through-Penetration and
Fire Resistive Joint
Systems in Fire
Resistance Rated
Construction
Available Resources
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About the IFCThe International Firestop Council is a not-for-profit association of manufacturers,distributors and installers of fire protective materials and systems.
IFC's mission is to promote the technology of fire containment in modern building
construction through research, education and development of safety standards and
code provisions.
Website - www.firestop.org
Email - [email protected]
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Available educational seminars
on our website include..
Firestop 101An introduction to firestopping
Perimeter Curtain Wall Fire Protection
Firestop System Selection
Flexible Duct Wrap Systems
Fire Protection of Construction Joints
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Thank You