COMPREHENSION PRACTICE355f5fff485fd0bd834f-ee8d35f23e0ceb27c81bace1301421dd.r93.cf1.rackcdn.… ·...

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COMPREHENSION

PRACTICEEDITED BY:

COVER DESIGN BY:LAYOUT & GRAPHIC DESIGN BY:

REM 1080B

Marcella Acosta, Sue LaRoy,Becky MajewskiMike MuncyRon Wolf

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INTRODUCTION

This book was developed to provide teachers with a resource that supports literacy by giving students lots of practice with specific comprehension skills. Struggling readers and students not reading at grade level will appreciate these short, high-interest passages. Word count ranges from 30 to 100 words.

Passages begin at reading level 3.4 and progress to reading level 5.1 according to the Flesch-Kincaid Readability Scale. Reading passages are presented in order of difficulty. This progression of difficulty allows students to begin at a lower level and then move to more difficult levels as their skills improve. The reading level (RL) for each passage is listed at the bottom of the page. The teacher will be able to easily monitor success and identify skills that need extra practice.

Question types include writing the complete answer, filling in the blank, and multiple choice. Each series of questions targets essential comprehension skills, beginning with main idea and ending with requiring the student to choose a title for the story.

Skills Include ✔ Details ✔ Locating the Answer ✔ Cause and Effect ✔ Comparison ✔ Sequence ✔ Inference ✔ Conclusion ✔ Fact or Opinion ✔ Vocabulary ✔ Main Idea

These activities can be used as an assessment tool. After determining which skills a student is struggling with, an individualized plan can be created by focusing on those skills. With enough targeted practice, reading skills will soar and students will feel a sense of pride in their accomplishments.

Comprehension Practice ii © Remedia Publications

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Name Date

(title)

© Remedia Publications 1 Comprehension Practice

RL - 3.4

Did you know the earth is not as solid as it seems? The earth is formed of layers like an onion. The outer layer is called the crust. It is made of mountains, oceans, and continents. It is divided into plates. These plates constantly grind against each other. They move sideways and up and down. Cracks between the plates are called faults. Most earthquakes happen along faults as the plates crush against each other.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. why earthquakes happen b. the layers of the earth c. the crust of the earth

Details 2. What three landforms make up the earth’s crust?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells what the cracks between the plates are called.

Cause and Effect 4. Earthquakes happen because . a. the different layers of the earth’s crust rub against one another b. the earth shakes c. the plates in the earth’s crust move against one another

Comparison 5. The earth has layers like an .

Title 6. Give the story a title. Write the title on the line above the story.

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Name Date

(title)

Comprehension Practice 2 © Remedia Publications

RL - 3.4

Would you ever dream of putting things in your teeth? Long ago, people used to put gems in their teeth.

This started with the ancient Incas. They loved to decorate their teeth. They would put gold and jewels in their teeth. When an Inca girl would smile, it would be a bright, colorful smile!

Some rich women in the western world followed this practice for a short time. They had more diamonds than they had fingers or toes to decorate, so they put the gems in their front teeth.

Today, some primitive tribesmen grind their teeth down to fine points. For the most part, though, people do not put things in their teeth.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. jewelry worn by the ancient Incas b. rich women in the western world c. what people used to put in their teeth Details 2. What did the Incas in Peru put in their teeth?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells what rich women in the western world did with their extra diamonds.

Vocabulary 4. Which of the following is the opposite of primitive? a. early b. undeveloped c. advanced

Inference 5. Tribesmen probably grind or decorate their teeth because . a. it is part of their tribal custom b. they do not like their teeth c. they are forced to by other tribes


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 3.6

Desert animals have a hard life. The days can be very hot. The nights can be very cold.

Some animals protect themselves from the heat and cold by living in burrows underground. There, it is cooler in the day and warmer at night. The animals come out to hunt food at sunrise and sunset.

Water is hard to find. Some animals never drink water. They get moisture from seeds and cacti.

Main Idea 1. Write a sentence that tells what this story is mostly about.

Details 2. Which of the following is not something desert animals can get water from? a. seeds b. cacti c. lakes

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells when the animals hunt for food.

Cause and Effect 4. Why do some desert animals live in burrows underground? a. The burrows protect them from other animals. b. The burrows protect them from the heat and cold. c. The burrows have lots of food.

Fact or Opinion 5. In the burrows, it is cooler in the day and warmer at night.


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 3.6

The Old West was a period of American history. It happened between 1860 and 1890. It was a time when the western part of the United States was being settled. It was a time when cowboys ruled the land. Cowboys worked on ranches. They had many jobs. They fed and took care of cattle. They branded cattle and took them to the market. They also repaired equipment and other things around the ranch. Cowboys worked hard and helped settle the Old West.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. American history b. what cowboys did c. how the U.S. was settled

Details 2. When did the period known as “The Old West” happen?

3. Which of the following did cowboys not do? a. fed and took care of cattle b. repaired equipmet around the ranch c. planted crops

Locating the Answer 4. Write the sentence that tells where cowboys worked.

Vocabulary 5. What does the word market mean in this story?

Inference 6. What do you think the story means when it says that cowboys “ruled the land”?


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 3.7

Ice skates have been around for a long time. People were sliding around on frozen ponds more than 1,000 years ago. The first ice skates were cow bones that people tied to their feet with pieces of leather. Skates with metal blades came along about 500 years ago.


Details 2. What were the first skates made of?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells when ice skates with metal blades were invented.

Inference 4. Why do you think ice skates were invented? a. to make it easier to get across the ice b. people were tired of roller skates c. to make it easier to hunt

Fact or Opinion 5. Ice skating is the best thing to do during the winter.

Title

6. Give the story a title. Write the title on the line above the story.

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Name Date

(title)


RL - 3.7

Dolphins can do more than tricks at Sea World. In the Indian Ocean several years ago, a woman was saved by dolphins. She was thrown from her boat when it exploded. Three dolphins helped her. One held her up while the other two circled her. After drifting for a long while, she was able to find a marker in the sea. She climbed on it and the dolphins left her there.

When she was rescued, she was told that she had drifted more than 200 miles. The dolphins had protected her the entire distance.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. the dolphins at Sea World b. being lost at sea c. dolphins being helpful

Details 2. How many miles had the woman drifted?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells what the dolphins did while they helped the woman find a marker.

Vocabulary 4. Another word for rescued is .

Inference 5. Why do you think the dolphins held the woman up and circled her? a. They wanted to protect her from sharks. b. They were used to doing this at Sea World. c. They wanted to help her find her boat.


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 3.7

Human beings have taught their animals how to “talk.” There are several cases on record of those unusual animals.

One woman taught her dog to type on a typewriter. He used his nose to hit the keys. In six months, he was able to type 20 words. When asked once where he wanted to go, he typed out “car.”

A chimpanzee named Washoe uses sign language to speak. When she was a year old, two people began training her to use a language for the deaf. Now, she can even make up words.Main Idea 1. Write a sentence that tells what this story is mostly about.

Details 2. What did the dog use to hit the keys on the typewriter? a. his paws b. his nose c. his tail

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells how Washoe speaks.

Vocabulary 4. Another word for unusual is .

Inference 5. Humans probably taught animals to talk because . a. they were tired of talking to other humans b. they wanted to know what animals were thinking c. their pets told them they wanted to learn how to talk


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 3.7

The home of the President of the United States is called the White House because it is painted white. It wasn’t always white, and it wasn’t always called the White House. When it was first built, it was gray, and it was called the President’s Palace. In 1814, the building was badly damaged by a fire. When it was repaired, it was painted white. It has been white ever since.Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. the President’s Palace b. the White House c. the Imperial Palace

Cause and Effect 2. The President’s home is called the White House because . a. the last name of its first owners was “White” b. it is in a town called “White” c. it is painted white

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells what the White House was called when it was first built.

Details 4. In what year was the President’s Palace damaged?

True or False 5. After the President’s Palace was repaired, it was painted gray.


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 3.8

When you stand outside on a chilly day without warm clothing, your body might begin to shiver and shake. Your teeth might chatter. Your muscles are moving and you cannot control them. This is your body’s way of making you feel warmer. As your muscles move, they burn energy. The energy makes heat. You still feel cold on the outside, but your body is warmer inside.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. cold days b. why your body shivers c. what happens to your body on warm days

Details 2. What do your muscles do as they move?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells what the energy your muscles burn makes.

Cause and Effect 4. On a cold day, your muscles move . a. because the cold makes them move b. because it is too windy outside c. to make you feel warmer

True or False 5. When your muscles are moving, they are burning energy.


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 3.8

It is possible for your hair to stand on end if you are scared. Each hair root on your head has a muscle that can pull your hair straight up. Even cats have these muscles. When a cat is scared, the hair on its back stands on end. The human hair muscles have not been used very much, so they work only in very, very unusual cases of fright.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. what happens to your hair when you get scared b. what happens to your body when you get scared c. why you scream when you are scared

Details 2. What is each hair root on your head connected to?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells what happens to a cat when it gets scared.

Comparison 4. How is cat hair similar to human hair?

Cause and Effect 5. What happens when the hair muscles pull up on the hair? a. The muscles pull the hair out. b. The hair stands straight up. c. The muscles hurt the hair.


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 3.8

The first roller skates were invented more than 200 years ago. The first pair had wooden wheels. The man who made the first ones wanted to use them to practice ice skating. About 150 years ago, the first skates with metal wheels were made. This made skating smoother and easier.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. ice skating b. how to roller skate c. roller skate wheels

Details 2. When were the first skates with metal wheels made?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells what the wheels on the first pair of roller skates were made of.

Cause and Effect 4. Skating was made smoother and easier once . a. wheels were made out of wood b. everyone learned to skate c. wheels were made out of metal

True or False 5. The first roller skates were invented 100 years ago.

Fact or Opinion 6. Roller skating is the best activity to do with your friends.


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 3.8

A spider web is made of two different kinds of silk thread. One kind is sticky. Another kind is dry and not sticky.

The silk is made by organs in the spider called spinnerets. As a spider spins its web, it knows which kind of silk to use for the parts of the web.

The center of the web is not sticky. The threads of silk going around and around the middle are sticky. The spider puts in several dry silk pathways. It uses the pathways to crawl to any insects that are captured in the web.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. how a spider catches insects b. the spider’s web c. spiders

Fact or Opinion 2. Spiders capture their food in their web.

Details 3. Where is the silk thread made?

Locating the Answer 4. Write the sentence that tells whether or not the silk going around the middle of the web is sticky.

Conclusion 5. The center of the web is not sticky because . a. that is where the spider sits while it waits for insects to get caught in its web b. the spider ran out of sticky thread by the time it got to the center c. that is where the insects get caught in the web


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 3.8

Cowboys wear special clothing. The wide, leather flaps worn over their legs are called chaps. Chaps protect their legs from the sharp thorns found on bushes or cacti. Their tall, leather boots have pointed toes and high heels. The toes are pointed so cowboys can easily put their feet into stirrups when they get on their horses. The high heels keep their feet from slipping through the stirrups. A wide, strong belt has a holster on it for their guns. With this clothing on, cowboys are well-proteced and able to do their jobs well.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. a cowboy’s boots b. what a cowboy wears c. what kind of horse a cowboy rides

Details 2. What do the chaps protect a cowboy’s legs from?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells what a cowboy puts his feet into when he gets on a horse.

Cause and Effect 4. What keeps a cowboy’s feet from slipping through the stirrups? a. chaps b. a strong belt c. high heels

Analogy 5. Cowboy is to boots as a runner is to .


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 3.8

Nomads are people who keep moving from place to place. They do not live in one place for very long. Nomads move for different reasons.

Some nomads are hunters. They follow animal herds so they will always have food to eat. Other nomads raise herds of animals. They move to places that have enough food and water for their animals to eat. Some nomads move to areas where certain grains or plants grow.

When it comes time to move, nomads pack up everything they own. They carry it with them to the next place they decide to live.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. where nomads live b. why nomads move c. how nomads live

Vocabulary 2. Another word for a nomad is .

Details 3. What kind of nomads follow herds of animals so they will always have food to eat?

Locating the Answer 4. When it comes time to , nomads pack up and carry it them.

Cause and Effect 5. Why do nomads who raise herds of animals move? a. so they will always have food to eat b. because it gets too cold for their animals c. so their animals have enough food and water


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 3.8

Animals use their tails for many important things. Your dog wags its tail when it is happy. Your cat wags its tail when it is angry. The giraffe uses its tail to send a message to another giraffe. The lyre bird spreads its big tail to send a love message to another lyre bird. The spider monkey has a tail that is twice as long as its arms. The monkey uses its tail to hang from trees. The ant bear uses its tail as an umbrella. The gila monster, a big desert lizard, stores food in its fat tail.


Details 2. The lyre bird uses its tail to send what to another lyre bird?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells what the gila monster uses its tail for.

Fact or Opinion 4. The giraffe uses its tail to send a message.

Conclusion 5. The spider monkey’s tail is probably twice as long as its arms . a. so it can use its tail to reach things its arms cannot b. so it can hang from trees with its tail and use its arms for something else c. because it got stretched out a long time ago


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 3.8

Bats do not use their eyes to find their way in the dark. They send out a high-pitched sound. It bounces off objects and sends an “echo” back.

Bats usually sleep during the day and search for food at night. They eat fruit and insects. Vampire bats feed on the blood of sleeping animals, especially cattle. They land so lightly that the animals do not wake up. Then, they use their 20 razor-sharp teeth to pierce the skin of the animals. Their bite is harmless, but animals can become sick if the wound becomes infected.

Main Idea 1. Write a sentence to tell what this story is mostly about.

Details 2. Which animals are usually attacked by vampire bats? a. chickens b. goats c. cows

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells what happens if the wound made by the vampire bat becomes infected.

Fact or Opinion 4. Bats sleep during the day.

Sequence 5. Put the following events into the correct order. The vampire bat lands on the sleeping animal. It uses its teeth to pierce the skin of the animal. The animal gets sick.


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 3.8

Bananas are native to Southeast Asia, but they are now grown in all tropical countries.

When fully grown, the stem of the banana plant can be from 10 to 40 feet tall. It can have leaves that are 10 feet long.

Banana stems are annuals. That means that they die after producing fruit. New stems sprout up from buds within the roots. The roots are perennial. This means that they do not die.

The average weight of an entire bunch of bananas from one plant is about 25 pounds.Main Idea 1. What fruit is this story mostly about? a. peaches b. apples c. bananas

Details 2. The banana plant can have leaves that are how long?

3. The stem of the banana plant can be how tall?

Locating the Answer 4. Write the sentence that tells where bananas are grown.

Vocabulary 5. An annual is a plant that after it produces fruit.

6. A perennial is a plant that die.


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 3.8

The Great Barrier Reef is a reef made of coral. It is in the Coral Sea, off the northeast coast of Australia. It is the largest coral reef in the world. The reef is 1,250 miles long. Seven hundred small islands are formed by the reef’s deposits and can be seen during low tide. There are only 10 passages a boat can use to travel through the reef. It was first explored in 1770. The Great Barrier Reef is one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World. It was declared a marine park in 1983.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. the Coral Sea b. the northeast coast of Australia c. the Great Barrier Reef

Details 2. How long is the Great Barrier Reef?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells what happened to the reef in 1983.

Fact or Opinion 4. The Great Barrier Reef is one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World.

Inference 5. Why do you think the reef is called the Great Barrier Reef? a. No boats can travel through it. b. It is very large and hard to get through. c. It is the most beautiful reef in the world.


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 3.8

Puerto Rico is part of the United States, but it is not a state. It is a commonwealth.Puerto Rico is an island in the Caribbean Sea. The people are U.S.

citizens, but they cannot vote in U.S. elections. They do not pay federal income taxes.

The island was owned by Spain until 1898. That year, the U.S. won it from Spain in a war.

The weather on the island is warm year-round. Coffee and sugar cane grow well there.

Most of the people speak both Spanish and English. They are friendly and like celebrations. They also have strong family ties.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. Puerto Rico b. the Caribbean Sea c. how Puerto Rico became part of the United States

Cause and Effect 2. Why did Puerto Rico become part of the United States? a. The U.S. bought it from Spain. b. Spain gave it to the U.S. c. The U.S. won it from Spain in a war.

Details 3. In what year did the United States win Puerto Rico from Spain?

Locating the Answer 4. Write the sentence that tells where Puerto Rico is located.

True or False 5. The people in Puerto Rico speak only Spanish.


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 3.9

A man named Fred Morrison invented the Frisbee. He would throw pie tins when he was young. But he couldn’t throw them very well. They were too heavy.

Around 1945, Fred made a pie tin out of plastic. He called it “Morrison’s Flying Saucer.” In 1955, Fred sold his idea to the Wham-O Toy Company. This company gave it a new name. They called it the “Pluto Platter.” It did not sell very well, so the company changed the name again. This time, they called it a “Frisbee,” after the Frisbie Pie Factory. Since then, Frisbees have been selling well.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. a man named Fred Morrison b. what the Frisbee looks like c. how the Frisbee was invented

Details 2. What type of material did Fred make a pie tin out of? a. metal b. plastic c. gold

Locating the Answer 3. Write all the names that Fred’s invention was given.

Sequence 4. What did the Wham-O Toy Company do after Fred sold the idea of “Morrison’s Flying Saucer”?

Cause and Effect 5. Why did the Wham-O Toy Company change the name of the “Pluto Platter”? a. They did not like the name. b. It did not sell well. c. The planet Pluto had not been discovered yet.


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 3.9

Men and women gather in Alaska every March. They come to compete in the Iditarod. The Iditarod is a 1,110 mile-long, dog-sled race. It begins in Anchorage and ends in Nome. It runs along the Yukon River. It crosses two mountain ranges.

Not everyone who enters the race can finish it. Many things can happen along the way. Sleds can break down on the icy trail. Harsh snowstorms and winds might interfere. Sled drivers and dogs can get sick from being too tired and too cold.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. Alaska b. the Yukon River c. the Iditarod

Locating the Answer

2. Underline the sentence that tells where the Iditarod begins and ends.

Details 3. Along which river does the Iditarod run?

Cause and Effect 4. Which of the following is a reason why not everyone who enters the Iditarod can finish it? a. Sled drivers and dogs can get too tired. b. They do not like to race. c. They do not prepare themselves for the race.

Conclusion 5. From the story, you can tell . a. many people enter the race b. the Iditarod is a very difficult race c. Alaska is a beautiful state


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.0

Florida manatees are sometimes called Sea Cows. They are large, peaceful animals. Adult manatees weigh about 1,000 pounds. They are 10 feet long.

Manatees live in shallow waters. They are found in Florida in the winter. During warm months, they are found in other southern states.

Manatees eat only plants. They use their flippers to push food to their mouths. Manatees can eat 100 – 150 pounds of plants each day.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. the Florida manatee b. Florida c. animals that eat plants

Details 2. How much do manatees weigh? 3. How long are manatees?

Locating the Answer 4. Write the sentence that tells what kind of water manatees live in.

Fact or Opinion 5. Manatees can eat 100 – 150 pounds of plants a day.

Conclusion 6. From the story, you can tell . a. manatees don’t hurt other fish b. manatees live a long life c. manatees give milk


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.0

When you see a rainbow, people on the other side of it do not see it. This is because you can see a rainbow only when the sun is behind you. The sun shines on raindrops in the sky. You see the colors reflecting off the raindrops. People on the other side see just the sun and the rain. They do not see the colors. The rainbow colors are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. how a rainbow is formed b. what colors are in a rainbow c. why people like rainbows

Details 2. Name two colors of the rainbow.

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells what people on the other side of the rainbow see.

Cause and Effect 4. What happens when the sun shines on raindrops in the sky? a. The raindrops melt. b. Colors are reflected off the raindrops. c. The raindrops disappear.

Fact or Opinion 5. Everyone loves to see rainbows.

Sequence 6. What has to happen before a rainbow appears?


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.0

Polaris, or the North Star, never appears to move. It seems like all the other stars revolve around it. The reason is that our earth’s axis points to this star. In time, the path of our axis will change. In 26,000 years, it will point to a different “North Star.”


Vocabulary 2. Another word for revolve is .

Details 3. What is another name for Polaris ?

Locating the Answer 4. Write the sentence that tells what will happen in 26,000 years.

Cause and Effect 5. Why does it seem that Polaris never moves? a. Polaris does not actually move. b. Polaris moves so slow that is looks like it doesn’t move. c. The earth’s axis points to Polaris.

Fact or Opinion 6. At some point in the future, there will be a different “North Star.”


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.0

Oceans and seas cover two-thirds of the earth. Deep in the ocean, where it is very dark, live the viperfish and anglerfish. The viperfish is snake-like and has sharp, poisonous fangs. Rows of lights run along its body and its mouth. The anglerfish has a lantern on a rod that sticks out from its head. This light draws little fish to the angler, which it eats for lunch.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. fish that live deep in the ocean b. the viperfish c. the anglerfish

Details 2. How much of the earth is made up of oceans and seas?

True or False 3. The viperfish has sharp, poisonous fangs.

Vocabulary 4. Which of the following is not another word for poisonous? a. deadly b. safe c. hurtful

Locating the Answer 5. Write the sentence that tells what the anglerfish looks like.

Cause and Effect 6. Why does the anglerfish have a lantern that sticks out from its head? a. so it can see its way around in the dark b. to light the way for other fish c. to make the fish it eats come to it


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.0

The sea horse is a strange creature that lives in the ocean. It swims standing up. When it wants to stay in one place, it hooks its tail around a piece of seaweed.

The mother sea horse lays many eggs. The eggs are carried in the father sea horse’s pouch until they are ready to hatch. The father carries the eggs for about 45 days. Then he hooks his tail around a piece of seaweed and lets the water move him slowly back and forth. The pouch opens and the baby sea horses swim out.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. how the sea horse swims b. how the sea horse stays in one place c. how the sea horse has babies

Locating the Answer 2. Write the sentence that tells where the sea horse’s eggs are carried.

Details 3. For how long does the father sea horse carry the eggs?

4. How does the sea horse swim?

Sequence 5. Put the following events into the correct order. The water moves him back and forth. The pouch opens and the babies swim out. The father sea horse hooks his tail around a piece of seaweed.


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.2

A dog wags his tail to show he is happy. A dog also uses his tail in other ways to show how he feels. He might hold his tail up and move it slowly back and forth. This means, “I’m the boss around here.” If a dog curls his tail down between his legs, he is afraid. He is saying, “Don’t hurt me.”

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. how a dog uses his tail b. what a dog’s tail looks like c. when a dog feels happy

Fact or Opinion 2. A dog uses his tail to tell you how he feels.

Details 3. When a dog is afraid, his tail says .

Locating the Answer 4. Write the sentence that tells what a dog means when he holds his tail up and moves it back and forth.

Cause and Effect 5. Why does a dog curl his tail down between his legs? a. to show he is happy b. to show he wants to play c. to show he is afraid

Inference 6. What might make a dog move his tail slowly back and forth? a. Another dog has come near him. b. He is all by himself. c. He is happy.


1080B.indd 27 8/11/06 12:23:06 PM

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RL - 4.2

Someone named Mother Goose wrote many children’s stories. But we don’t know who this person really was. Some people think she was an ancient queen. Some think she lived in Boston almost 300 years ago. No copies of stories by the Boston woman can be found today. Mother Goose is often shown riding a goose and waving a wand.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. fairytales b. Mother Goose c. storytellers

Details 2. How many years ago do some people think Mother Goose lived?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells how Mother Goose is often drawn in pictures.

True or False 4. We know who Mother Goose really was.

Fact or Opinion 5. Mother Goose was an ancient queen.

Conclusion 6. Why might some people not believe that Mother Goose was a woman who lived in Boston 300 years ago? a. They know that she lived in Washington, D.C. 100 years ago. b. There are no copies of the stories by the woman in Boston today. c. They found stories written by Mother Goose in Virginia.


1080B.indd 28 8/11/06 12:23:06 PM

Name Date

(title)


Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. Mom making dinner b. Mom setting the table c. Mom figuring out who cut a piece from the cake

Sequence 2. What did Mom do right after finding Jim’s book on the table? a. She moved it and set the table. b. She asked Jim to take it to his room. c. She left it where it was.

Details 3. What did Jim’s book have on it?

Locating the Answer 4. Write the sentence that tells what Mom found when she went to get the cake after dinner.

Conclusion 5. How did Mom figure out that Jim had taken the missing piece of cake?


RL - 4.2

Mom was ready to set the table for dinner. When she went into the dining room, Jim’s book was on the table. It had brown fingerprints on it. She moved his things and went ahead and set the table. After dinner, Mom went to get the chocolate cake she had baked for dessert, but there was a huge piece missing! When she went back into the dining room, she looked at everyone seated around the table. Then she asked Jim how he liked the cake.

1080B.indd 29 8/11/06 12:23:06 PM

Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.2

If you spin around very quickly and then stop suddenly, you will probably feel dizzy. That happens because there is fluid inside the tubes of your inner ears. When you turn, the fluid moves, too, and your brain gets a message that you are turning. When you stop suddenly, the liquid keeps on moving for a short time. Your brain thinks you are still spinning, but you’re not. This makes you feel dizzy.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. why you feel sick after spinning around b. why you feel dizzy after spinning around c. why you feel tired after spinning around

Vocabulary 2. Which of the following means the same as dizzy ? a. steady b. stable c. off-balance

Details 3. What is inside the tubes of your inner ears ? .

Locating the Answer 4. Write the sentence that tells what happens when the fluid in your ear moves.

Cause and Effect 5. Why does your brain think you are still spinning when you are not ? a. The fluid in your ears keeps moving. b. Your brain is spinning around in your head. c. Your brain knows that you will start spinning around again.


1080B.indd 30 8/11/06 12:23:06 PM

Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.2

Being an astronaut is a lot of work. Most astronauts are also pilots, scientists, or doctors. Astronauts have to train very hard. They have to practice everything they will do in space. They have to figure out how they will fix something if it goes wrong on their trip.

There is no weight in space, so astronauts may suffer from space sickness. Their ears, blood pressure, and muscles can be affected. They can get sick to their stomachs.

Being an astronaut is a very fun, but hard, job.


Details 2. Which of the following is not a job an astronaut might have? a. pilot b. scientist c. artist

Locating the Answer 3. Write one of the sentences that tells how astronauts may be affected in space.

Cause and Effect 4. Why might an astronaut suffer health problems in space? a. He might be sick before he leaves. b. There is no weight in space. c. There are lots of germs in space.

Sequence 5. What is the one thing astronauts have to do before they go into space?


1080B.indd 31 8/11/06 12:23:06 PM

Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.3

Have you ever wondered why men’s jackets have buttons on the sleeves? A king in Prussia named Frederick the Great started it all. He saw that the sleeves of his soldiers’ uniforms were always dirty. He asked why the sleeves were dirtier than the rest of the uniform. The soldiers said they used their sleeves to wipe the sweat from their faces.

Frederick put a stop to that. He had buttons sewn on the top of every uniform sleeve. Soldiers who used their sleeves as towels would now be scratched!

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. Frederick the Great b. Prussian soldiers c. why jacket sleeves have buttons

Details 2. Where was Frederick the Great from?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells what Frederick the Great saw that he did not like.

Cause and Effect 4. Why did Frederick the Great have buttons sewn on the top of every uniform sleeve? a. He thought the uniforms would look better. b. The soldiers asked for buttons on their sleeves. c. He did not want the soldiers to use their sleeves to wipe sweat from their faces.

Fact or Opinion 5. Jackets look much better with buttons on the sleeves.


1080B.indd 32 8/11/06 12:23:06 PM

Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.3

A thunderstorm and lightning can be scary. Lightning is electricity that forms in a cloud. Sparks of electricity jump from cloud to cloud. When it jumps to the earth, there’s a flash of lightning. Lightning makes the clouds and air bump into each other. Then you hear thunder. Thunder cannot hurt you, but lightning can be very dangerous.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. what happens when it rains b. lightning and thunder c. what makes thunder

Details 2. Lightning is that forms in clouds.

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells what happens when electricity jumps to the earth.

Cause and Effect 4. The sound of thunder is caused by . a. rain, wind, and clouds b. sparks of electricity jumping from cloud to cloud c. clouds and air bumping into each other

True or False 5. Thunder can hurt you.

Fact or Opinion 6. Lightning can be very dangerous.


1080B.indd 33 8/11/06 12:23:06 PM

Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.3

The octopus has eight long arms. They are called tentacles. The octopus uses its tentacles for crawling and picking things up. The tentacles are covered with many round disks. The disks are called suckers. These suckers help them keep a tight hold. An octopus stretches its tentacles out in all directions when it is looking for food. It uses each tentacle to poke around under holes and rocks to find something good to eat.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. where the octopus lives b. what the octopus eats c. the tentacles of the octopus

Details 2. What is the name of the disks that cover the tentacles?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells what the suckers do.

Fact or Opinion 4. People should be afraid of an octopus.

Conclusion 5. If you see an octopus with its tentacles stretched out in many different directions, it is probably . a. trying to swim b. looking for food c. under attack


1080B.indd 34 8/11/06 12:23:06 PM

Name Date

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RL - 4.3

Have you ever wondered how the fortunes get inside Chinese fortune cookies? Fortune cookies are baked to look like small round wafers. The wafers are baked in an oven. The fortunes are printed on slips of paper. When the wafers are taken out of the oven, the slips of paper are placed on the hot cookies. The wafers are folded over the slips of paper. Then they are put on racks to cool and harden.Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. how Chinese fortune cookies taste b. what Chinese fortune cookies look like c. how Chinese fortune cookies are made

Details 2. What word does not describe what fortune cookies look like? a. small b. round c. large

Vocabulary 3. The opposite of harden is .

Sequence 4. Write what happens just after the wafers are taken out of the oven.

Fact or Opinion 5. Fortune cookies are the best kind of cookies to eat.

Locating the Answer 6. Write the sentence that tells what the fortunes are printed on.


1080B.indd 35 8/11/06 12:23:06 PM

Name Date

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RL - 4.3

Lightning and thunder begin at almost the same time, but you see the flash before you hear the noise. That is because light travels faster than sound. Sound travels one mile in five seconds. When you see a flash of lightning, begin to count, “one thunder, two thunder,” and so on, until you hear thunder. If you count five seconds, the storm is a mile away. The storm is two miles away if you count ten seconds.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. what lightning looks like b. how loud thunder sounds c. how far away a storm might be

Details 2. How far away is the storm it if takes 10 seconds to count?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells how far sound travels in five seconds.

Sequence 4. How does the story tell you to count after you see a flash of lightning? a. “one, two, three...” b. “one thunder, two thunder, three thunder...” c. “one Mississippi, two Mississippi, three Mississippi...”

Cause and Effect 5. Why do you see lightning flash before you hear thunder boom? a. Light travels faster than sound. b. Lightning makes thunder. c. Thunder does not always happen when there is lightning.


1080B.indd 36 8/11/06 12:23:06 PM

Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.3

Having a dog is a big responsibility. Dogs need food, water, love, and attention. Dogs must be fed at least once every day. They should have a bowl of clean, fresh water at all times. Dogs are very social animals, which means they need to be petted and loved each day. Dogs also need a good space to run and to be taken on frequent walks.


Locating the Answer 2. Circle the word that tells what kind of animals dogs are.

Details 3. How many times a day must a dog be fed?

Vocabulary 4. In this story, the word responsibility means . a. to cause something to happen b. a job or a duty c. being trustworthy

Inference 5. How do you think a dog would feel if he did not have any human contact for several days?

Fact or Opinion 6. Dogs make very good pets.


1080B.indd 37 8/11/06 12:23:06 PM

Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.3

If a honeybee stings you, you can be sure it won’t do it a second time. The bee’s stinger is covered with tiny, curved hooks. These hooks are called barbs. When the bee jabs a person’s skin, the barbs hold so tight that the bee usually cannot pull its stinger out. The bee must tear itself away, leaving part of its body attached to the stinger. Soon after losing its stinger, the bee dies.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. how bees pollinate flowers b. what bees do in their hives c. what happens when a bee stings someone

Details 2. What is the bee’s stinger covered with? a. tiny hooks b. honey c. poison

Locating the Answer

3. Circle the word that tells what a bee does to a person’s skin.

Fact or Opinion 4. Honeybees can only sting once.

Sequence 5. Put the following events into the correct order. The bee dies. The bee stings someone. The bee has to tear itself away and leaves part of its body attached to the stinger. The barbs hold on to the skin really tight.


1080B.indd 38 8/11/06 12:23:06 PM

Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.4

When Abbey got home from school, she went into the kitchen for a snack. In the kitchen, she saw muddy footprints on the floor. There were also some footprints along the edge of the counter where the roast was cooking in the Crock-Pot. She got the mop and bucket out of the closet and cleaned up the footprints. Then she began looking for the dog to give him a bath.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. a girl doing her homework after school b. a girl playing outside after school c. a girl figuring out who left footprints in her kitchen

Details 2. What was cooking in the Crock-Pot?

Locating the Answer 3. Abbey found muddy footprints on the kitchen floor. Write the sentence that tells the other place where she found footprints.

Fact or Opinion 4. Abbey was angry at the dog.

Conclusion 5. From the story, you can tell the dog needed a bath because . a. there was dog hair in the kitchen b. there were muddy footprints in the kitchen c. it was raining outside


1080B.indd 39 8/11/06 12:23:07 PM

Name Date

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RL - 4.4

Stegosaurus was a huge and fearsome dinosaur. It weighed 4,000 pounds. It was 30 feet long. It had many plate-like growths on its neck, back, and tail. Scientists do not know why it had plates on its back. They think the plates may have helped to adjust the animal’s body temperature.

The Stegosaurus had very small teeth. It fed on plants. This dinosaur lived during the late Jurassic time period. Remains have been found in Colorado, Oklahoma, Utah, and Wyoming.


Details 2. How much did the Stegosaurus weigh?

3. How long was the Stegosaurus?

Locating the Answer 4. Write the sentence that tells what the Stegosaurus ate.

Vocabulary 5. Which word means the same as fearsome? a. happy b. shy c. scary

Inference 6. Why do you think the Stegosaurus had plate-like growths on its body? a. for protection b. to regulate its body temperature c. for decoration


1080B.indd 40 8/11/06 12:23:07 PM

Name Date

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RL - 4.4

There are extremely hot rocks deep in the ground. The earth’s temperature has made them melt into a liquid called magma. Magma pours out of a volcano and becomes lava. In a few hours, the lava cools and hardens. Then, it makes a special kind of rock called igneous rock.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. what happens to magma b. how igneous rocks are made c. how lava is made

Details

2. What is the name of the liquid hot rocks deep in the ground turn into?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells what the lava is called after it cools and hardens.

Sequence 4. Put the following events into the correct order. The earth’s temperature turns rocks into magma. The lava cools and hardens. Magma becomes lava.

Cause and Effect 5. What makes the rocks turn into magma? a. the sun b. the earth’s temperature c. hot water


1080B.indd 41 8/11/06 12:23:07 PM

Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.4

Why does a firefly flash light? How does it do it? A firefly makes a special kind of juice in its body. This fluid is stored in the firefly’s abdomen. The firefly can send this fluid into its light-making organ, where it mixes it with oxygen. The mixture glows and the bug lights up. Fireflies flash their lights in order to attract other fireflies.Main Idea 1. Write a sentence that tells what this story is mostly about.

True or False 2. The firefly makes a special fluid in its body and stores it in its legs.

Vocabulary 3. Another word for mixture is . a. recipe b. combination c. fluid

Details 4. The firefly fluid mixes with . a. nitrogen b. helium c. oxygen

Locating the Answer 5. Write the sentence that tells what happens when the fluid and oxygen mix in the light-making organ.

Cause and Effect 6. Why do fireflies flash their lights?


1080B.indd 42 8/11/06 12:23:07 PM

Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.4

Ice cream has been around for a long, long time. Hundreds of years ago, rulers of some countries would send their slaves to the high mountains to bring snow back to the palace. Their cooks would mix the snow with honey and fruit juices to have an icy treat. Later, the Chinese people mixed milk with ice for a dessert.

And then, about 20 years later, the first real ice cream was invented. It had cream instead of milk. Anyone who knew how to make it tried to keep the recipe a secret from everyone else!Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. the people of China b. how slaves helped their rulers c. how ice cream was invented

Details 2. What two things were mixed with snow to make an icy treat hundreds of years ago?

Locating the Answer 3. Circle the word that tells what the Chinese mixed with ice for a dessert.

Sequence 4. Put the following events into the correct order. The Chinese mixed milk with ice to make a dessert. Rulers had their cooks mix snow with honey and fruit juices to make a dessert. Cream was mixed with ice.

Fact or Opinion 5. Chinese ice cream was better than the first real ice cream. Title 6. Give the story a title. Write the title on the line above the story.

1080B.indd 43 8/11/06 12:23:07 PM

Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.4

The Maori fishermen of New Zealand have a strange way of catching fish. They move quietly into a clear stream or lake. They cannot make any ripples. When a fish stops to rest, the fishermen walk up very quietly behind it. Then, they reach down and tickle the sides of the fish. The fish tries to wriggle away, but it backs right into their hands. If the fishermen can hold on tightly, they will have a nice fish supper.


Details 2. Where do the Maori fishermen live? a. Australia b. New Zealand c. The United States

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells what happens if the fishermen can hold on tightly to the wriggling fish.

Sequence 4. Put the following events into the correct order. The fish backs into the fishermen’s hands. The fishermen tickle the sides of the fish. A fish stops to take a rest.

Conclusion 5. Why can’t the fishermen make ripples when they move into the water? a. Ripples will warn the fish that something is in the water. b. Ripples may cause air bubbles. c. Not making ripples is an ancient tradition among the Maori.


1080B.indd 44 8/11/06 12:23:07 PM

Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.5

The ancient Egyptians really liked cats. People thought that it was lucky to own a cat. Cats were given jewelry to wear. They were worshipped in churches.

When a cat died, it was buried in a decorated coffin. Big crowds of people went to the funeral.

There are even statues and pictures of cats in the pyramids. The statues have a woman’s body and the head of the cat. They are covered in diamonds, rubies, and other gems. The pictures show camels carrying cats on their backs. People thought that cats needed their own camels to ride.Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. what happened when cats died in ancient Egypt b. the pictures of cats in the Egyptian pyramids c. how special cats were in ancient Egypt

Details 2. On what kind of animal did cats ride?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells what the statues of cats in the pyramids look like.

Fact or Opinion 4. Everyone loves cats.

Vocabulary 5. Which of the following words is not a type of gem? a. diamond b. sapphire c. coal


1080B.indd 45 8/11/06 12:23:07 PM

Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.5

In 1853, Levi Strauss sailed from New York City to San Francisco, California. Because of the 1849 Gold Rush, San Francisco was a busy city. There were lots of jobs for people there. Levi opened a store where he sold dry goods and mining gear. One day, Levi had too much tent material. He decided to make pants from it. Because they were so sturdy, the pants were a big hit with the miners. Today, people all over the world wear Levi’s jeans.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. the 1849 Gold Rush b. San Francisco in 1849 c. how jeans were first made

Details 2. Which of the following did Levi Strauss sell at his store? a. candy and ice cream b. dry goods and mining gear c. dry goods and dishes

Locating the Answer 3. Underline the sentence that tells what material Levi used to make his pants.

Cause and Effect 4. Why were the pants so popular with the miners? a. The miners liked the color Levi made them. b. The pants were sturdy. c. They didn’t have to wash the pants all the time.

Vocabulary 5. Which of the following means the same as sturdy? a. soft b. strong c. weak


1080B.indd 46 8/11/06 12:23:07 PM

Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.5

Bald eagles are large birds which are found in North America. They eat ducks, fish, seabirds, and gulls. The females are larger than the males. The nests, called aeries, are built high in trees or on rock ledges. These birds are an endangered species because of hunting and pesticides that poison their food. The bald eagle is a symbol of the United States and represents power and courage.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. endangered species b. the symbol of the United States c. the bald eagle

Details 2. Name two things that bald eagles eat.

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells where bald eagles may be found.

Cause and Effect 4. Which of the following is not a reason why bald eagles are an endangered species? a. they are hunted b. pesticides poison their food c. they can’t find their nests

Vocabulary 5. The bald eagle’s nests are called .

Analogy 6. Bald eagles are to aeries as bees are to .


1080B.indd 47 8/11/06 12:23:07 PM

Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.5

Sea cucumbers are relatives of the sea urchin and starfish. They are covered with spiny skin and live in the sea. They crawl along the ocean floor and eat sand and pieces of dead animals and plants. They produce sticky mucous that makes food stick to their feet. They then suck food off their feet. The sea cucumber searches for food at night. They are found at shorelines and coasts, and at the bottom of coral reefs.

Main Idea 1. What creature is this story mostly about? Details

2. What do sea cucumbers eat?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells where you would find sea cucumbers.

Cause and Effect 4. What makes the sea cucumber’s food stick to its feet? a. It has claws. b. It makes a sticky mucous. c. It has a magnet on the bottom of its feet.

Fact or Opinion 5. Sea cucumbers are creepy-looking.

Inference 6. Which of these sentences is probably true? a. Sea cucumbers are most active at night. b. Sea cucumbers do not get along with their relatives. c. Sea cucumbers are green.


1080B.indd 48 8/11/06 12:23:07 PM

Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.5

Do you want to be able to talk your way out of things? Go to Blarney Castle and kiss the Blarney Stone. The stone is a block of limestone. Long ago, the owner of the castle talked enemies out of attacking the castle. People believe that if they kiss the Blarney Stone, they will be able to talk their way out of things.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. what the Blarney Stone is made of b. how to kiss the Blarney Stone c. why people kiss the Blarney Stone

Details 2. What is the stone made of ?

Locating the Answer 3. People believe that if they the , they will be able to their way of things.

Fact or Opinion 4. The Blarney Stone brings good luck.

Vocabulary 5. The word flatter means . a. to say something nice, but not really mean it b. to say something mean and hurtful c. to say something nice

Inference 6. Write two things you think the owner might have said to the people attacking his castle.


1080B.indd 49 8/11/06 12:23:07 PM

Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.6

The water in the bottom of the ocean is not the same temperature as the water at the top of the ocean. The water in the deepest parts of the ocean is always freezing cold. The water is warmer toward the surface of the ocean. This is because the sun shines on it and warms it. Many kinds of plants can grow in the warmer ocean water. The plants are all colors. It is a pretty ocean garden.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. where plants grow in the ocean b. the temperature of ocean water c. what ocean water looks like

Fact or Opinion 2. The temperature of the water at the top of the ocean is not the same as the temperature of the water at the bottom of the ocean.

Details 3. What temperature is the water at the bottom of the ocean?

Locating the Answer 4. Write the sentence that tells what makes the water toward the surface of the ocean warmer.

Cause and Effect 5. What happens in the warm water toward the ocean’s surface? a. plants grow b. water evaporates c. fish sleep

Conclusion 6. Why is the water at the bottom of the ocean freezing cold?


1080B.indd 50 8/11/06 12:23:08 PM

Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.6

Many people think that light signals were first used during the automobile age. That is not true. The first traffic signal was invented in 1868. It was used in London, England.

It had two arms that had red and green gas lamps attached to them. The signal was used to make sure that people could cross the street safely. All horses and carriages had to wait until the people crossed.

Then an unlucky thing happened! The traffic signal blew up. No traffic signals were used again until the modern invention in Cleveland, Ohio in 1914.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. the automobile b. the traffic signal c. traveling in England

Details 2. When was the first traffic signal invented?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells what the traffic signal looked like.

Fact or Opinion 4. The modern traffic signal was invented in 1914.

Cause and Effect 5. Why was the traffic signal invented? a. People needed help crossing the street safely. b. Traffic was very bad. c. It looked nice in the middle of the road.


1080B.indd 51 8/11/06 12:23:08 PM

Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.6

A peanut butter and jelly sandwich is easy to make. It can make a delicious lunch or an after-school snack. To make a sandwich you will need to gather three ingredients: two slices of bread, peanut butter, and jelly. Then use a knife to spread some peanut butter on one slice of bread and jelly on the other. Now, place the slices of bread together. You can cut your sandwich in half if you want.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. eating a peanut butter and jelly sandwich b. making a peanut butter and jelly sandwich c. how to spread peanut butter on a slice of bread

Details 2. What are the three ingredients you need to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells what kinds of meals a peanut butter and jelly sandwich can make.

Sequence 4. What do you do right after you spread peanut butter on one slice of bread and jelly on another slice of bread? a. put the peanut butter jar away in the cabinet b. cut your sandwich in half c. place the slices of bread together

Vocabulary 5. Which of the following means the same as delicious? a. disgusting b. tasty c. awful

Fact or Opinion 6. Everyone likes their peanut butter and jelly sandwiches cut in half.


1080B.indd 52 8/11/06 12:23:08 PM

Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.6

Before 1765, menus did not exist. Inns and coffee houses had a regular meal at a fixed time and fixed price. If a person didn’t like the food, he went to another inn.

Then, in Paris, in 1765, a restaurant named Boulanger’s opened. They printed a menu. There were many dishes from which the customers could choose. The people loved eating what and when they liked. Fifty years later, Paris had more than 125 restaurants with menus. One of them offered 197 different meat dishes!

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. Boulanger’s restaurant b. Paris in 1765 c. the invention of menus

Details 2. How many different meat dishes did one restaurant offer?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells how inns and coffee houses served food in 1765.

Vocabulary 4. What does the word fixed mean in this story? a. repair b. to stay the same c. to catch someone’s attention

Conclusion 5. From this story, you can tell . a. menus made eating out very hard b. nobody liked the new menus c. menus made eating out more enjoyable


1080B.indd 53 8/11/06 12:23:08 PM

Name Date

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RL - 4.6

In 1867, Milton Hershey started his own candy shop. He was 18 years old. The shop failed after six years. Hershey really wanted to keep making candy, so he started making chocolate. Soon, Hershey became famous for his chocolate. People liked it because he put so much milk in it. They called it milk chocolate. Hershey died in 1945. His milk chocolate is still enjoyed by chocolate lovers all over the world.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. how to make chocolate b. Milton Hershey c. milk chocolate

Details 2. What did Hershey do after his candy shop failed?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells how old Milton Hershey was when he started his own candy shop.

Sequence 4. Put the following events into the correct order. Hershey became famous for his chocolate. Hershey opened his own candy shop. Hershey’s candy shop failed.

Cause and Effect 5. Why did people like Hershey’s chocolate so much? a. It had lots of sugar in it. b. They could watch it being made. c. He put lots of milk in it.


1080B.indd 54 8/11/06 12:23:08 PM

Name Date

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RL - 4.6

A total eclipse of the sun happens when the moon completely covers the rays of the sun. As the moon passes in front of the sun, the sky darkens and gets a strange glow. The temperature drops.

The whole world is not darkened during a solar eclipse. It is only dark where the moon and sun line up exactly. The darkness lasts only for a few minutes. As the moon continues to move on its path, it no longer covers the sun and the world gets lighter.


Locating the Answer 2. Write one of the sentences that tells what happens during a solar eclipse.

Details 3. In what part of the world does it get completely dark during a solar eclipse? a. every part b. only where the moon and sun line up exactly c. in Antarctica

Cause and Effect 4. Which of the following does not happen when the moon covers the rays of the sun? a. the sky gets a strange glow b. the temperature drops c. snow falls

Fact or Opinion 5. A solar eclipse is very beautiful to see.


1080B.indd 55 8/11/06 12:23:08 PM

Name Date

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RL - 4.7

You can float on your back for hours at a time in the world’s saltiest lake, the Dead Sea. The Dead Sea is full of chemicals. The chemicals keep your body floating. It is so easy to float in the Dead Sea that people do funny things. Sometimes, people lay on top of the water with an umbrella in one hand and a book in the other. That is what is called reading in comfort!

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. the world’s saltiest lake b. reading in comfort c. how to float on your back in water

Details 2. What is the name of the world’s saltiest lake?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence about a funny thing people do while at the Dead Sea.

Cause and Effect 4. Why is it so easy to float in the Dead Sea? a. The Dead Sea is full of magic water that makes it easy to float. b. The Dead Sea is full of chemicals that keep your body floating. c. The Dead Sea is full of inner tubes on which you can float.

Conclusion 5. Why does the story call the description of people reading in the Dead Sea “reading in comfort”? a. The people are reading books they like. b. The people are in a comfortable position while they read. c. The people are reading books that make them feel better.


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.8

Afternoon tea is a tradition in England. Tea is between four and six in the afternoon. It is a nice break from a busy day. You drink tea and eat sandwiches or cakes topped with butter and marmalade. Marmalade is a special type of jelly made with oranges. You talk to family and friends. After tea is over, you go back to work until it is time to go home.

Main Idea

1. Write a sentence that tells what this story is mostly about.

Locating the Answer

2. Write the sentence that tells what you eat and drink during tea.

Details 3. Marmalade is a made with .

Sequence 4. What do you do after tea is over? a. eat dinner b. go around visiting friends c. go back to work

Fact or Opinion 5. Tea happens between four and six in the afternoon.

Comparison 6. List two ways that tea is different from breakfast.


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.8

Acrobats can do a lot of daring stunts. They stand on the backs of running horses. An acrobat might ride a bicycle while someone sits on his shoulders. An acrobat can do a somersault in the air and land on a tall platform. Acrobats walk on wires high above the ground. Acrobats are very good at keeping their balance so they do not fall.


Details 2. When acrobats do a somersault in the air, what do they land on?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells what sits on an acrobat’s shoulders when he rides a bicycle.

Vocabulary 4. In this story, the word stunt means . a. an act of skill or strength b. a trick played on someone c. to slow the growth of something

Fact or Opinion 5. Acrobats like adventure.

Cause and Effect 6. What keeps an acrobat from falling? a. special shoes b. being able to keep his balance c. a balance beam that goes under the high wires


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.8

Many people are afraid of bees, but bees are actually helpful creatures. They help gardens and flowers grow. Bees collect pollen and nectar from flowers. As they fly between flowers, they drop some of the pollen they have collected back inside the flower. The part of the flower where they drop the pollen is called the stigma. The pollen helps the flower produce seeds. This process is called pollination. Bees then use the nectar they bring back to the hive to feed themselves.

Main Idea 1. What does this story tell us about bees? a. They are harmful creatures. b. They are annoying creatures. c. They are helpful creatures.

Details 2. Into what part of the flower do bees drop pollen?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells how the bees use the nectar they bring back to the hive.

Vocabulary 4. Pollination happens when . a. the flower makes seeds b. the bee drops the pollen into the stigma c. the bee drops the pollen into the stigma and the flower makes seeds

Sequence 5. Put the following events into the correct order. The flower produces seeds. The bees collect pollen and nectar from flowers. The bees drop some of the pollen into the stigma.


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.8

Coral reefs grow only in warm, clear waters. It takes thousands of years for coral reefs to form. They are built by tiny creatures no more than a half-inch long. They grow together, and when they die, their shells form a reef, or line, of coral. There are many different corals. Together, they form a brightly colored underwater kingdom where large numbers of creatures and plants live.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. what coral reefs look like b. why coral reefs form c. how coral reefs form

Vocabulary 2. Another word for creature is .

Details 3. How long are the creatures that build coral reefs?

Locating the Answer 4. Write the sentence that tells how long it takes for coral reefs to form.

Sequence 5. What happens when the creatures that build the reefs die? a. The reefs are left unfinished. b. Divers finish building the reefs. c. The shells of the creatures form the reef.

True or False 6. Coral reefs grow in cool, dark waters.


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.8

Walking sticks are interesting insects. They move slowly. They move their bodies in a wobbly-type fashion. They change colors to protect themselves from being noticed by lizards, birds, and other things that might want to eat them. They change their color from brown to green to gray to help them look just like the tree or branch they are resting on. Some types of walking sticks are small, measuring only half of an inch. Others are very long, measuring up to twelve inches!Main Idea 1. Write a sentence that tells what this story is mostly about.

Details 2. How small are the smallest walking sticks?

Locating the Answer 3. Circle the colors that walking sticks can change into.

Vocabulary 4. Which word does not mean the same as wobbly? a. shaky b. trembling c. steady

Cause and Effect 5. Why do walking sticks change colors? a. They want to be different colors. b. To protect themselves from animals who might want to eat them. c. They want other animals to notice them.

Comparison 6. How are walking sticks different from most other insects? a. some of them are very small b. they can be found on tree branches c. they can change their color


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.9

Helicopters are different from airplanes in many ways. Airplanes have to gain speed to get into the air. This means that they need a lot of space for take-off. Helicopters can take off straight from the ground. This means that they need little space for take-off. Helicopters are able to fly forwards, sideways, and backwards. They are also able to “hover” in one spot in the air for a short period of time. These special features make helicopters useful for many things.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. flying b. helicopters c. airplanes

Details 2. What can helicopters do in the air for short periods of time?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells in which directions helicopters are able to fly.

Fact or Opinion 4. Helicopters need little space to take-off.

Cause and Effect 5. Why do airplanes need a lot of space for take-off? a. They can’t hover like helicopters. b. They need to gain speed to get into the air. c. They need time for everyone to buckle their seat belts.


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.9

Australia is a continent that has its own special animals. Koala bears live in the trees there. They eat only eucalyptus leaves. Kangaroos are found in the grasslands. They can jump along at speeds up to 30 miles per hour. Both the koala and the kangaroo carry their young in pouches on their bodies. The silly-looking platypus also lives in Australia. It has a bill like a duck, webbed feet, and a hairy coat.


Details 2. How fast can kangaroos jump?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells what the platypus looks like.

Conclusion 4. Why does the story call the platypus “silly-looking”? a. Its body looks like the body parts of other animals. b. It is a weird color. c. It does not look like the other animals in Australia.

Inference 5. Why do you think the kangaroo carries its young in a pouch on its body? a. to carry the baby kangaroos because they are lazy b. to feed the baby kangaroos c. to protect the baby kangaroos


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.9

The largest lizards in the world live on an Indonesian island called Komodo. They are called Komodo dragons. They are 10 feet long and can weigh about 150 pounds. Komodo dragons have strong claws. They have over 50 sharp teeth.

Komodo dragons have yellow forked tongues. They use their tongues for smelling and tasting. Komodo dragons are meat eaters. They kill and eat deer, pigs, and water buffaloes. They can eat half their body weight in a single meal.

Komodo dragons were almost extinct. They are now protected by Indonesia. Tourists travel from all over the world to see them.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. the island of Komodo b. what dragons eat c. the largest lizard in the world

Details 2. List three things that Komodo dragons eat.

Locating the Answer 3. Circle the number of sharp teeth the Komodo dragon has.

Vocabulary 4. Which of the following does not mean the same as extinct? a. alive b. dead c. vanished

Fact or Opinion 5. It would be fun to see a Komodo dragon.


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 4.9

The Olympic Games are an international athletic competition. They are held every four years at a different place. Athletes from all nations can compete.

At the opening ceremonies, a huge torch is lit by a small torch. The small torch is lit by the sun at Olympia, Greece. Runners then carry it to the place where the games are being held.

During the games, medals are given to the athletes who place first, second, or third in each event. The athletes all want to win. It is a great honor just to be there.


Locating the Answer

2. Underline the sentence that tells what happens at the opening ceremonies.

Details 3. Where is the small torch lit?

Vocabulary 4. What does the word international mean? a. one nation b. a group of nations c. a state

Sequence 5. Put the following events into the correct order. Runners carry the torch to where the games are held. A huge torch is lit by the small torch. The small torch is lit by the sun.


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 5.0

The Apollo-Saturn II was a very special space flight. On July 20, 1969, the spaceship landed on the moon. The first person to walk on the moon was astronaut, Neil Armstrong. Right behind him was astronaut, Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin. They placed an American flag on the moon. Then they spent two hours walking around collecting rocks and soil samples to bring back. Their mission lasted about nine days in all.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. the Apollo-Saturn II spacecraft b. what happened on the first trip to the moon c. a space mission that failed

Details 2. What are the names of the first two men to walk on the moon?

Locating the Answer 3. Underline the sentence that tells on what day the Apollo-Saturn II landed on the moon.

Inference 4. Why do you think the astronauts were collecting rock and soil samples? a. They liked how the rocks and soil looked. b. They wanted to help the space program learn about the moon. c. They wanted to prove that they had walked on the moon.

Fact or Opinion 5. The space mission lasted nine days.


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 5.1

Pentaceratops was a dinosaur that lived in what is now New Mexico. It lived 70 million years ago during the late Cretaceous time period. It was 26 feet long. It is not known how much the animal weighed.

Pentaceratops had more horns on its head than any other dinosaur. Two large horns were on its forehead. Two smaller horns grew on the sides of its face. Another horn was on the end of its nose. It is thought that the number of horns gave it importance among other horned dinosaurs.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. the Cretaceous time period b. the Pentaceratops c. why dinosaurs had horns

Details 2. How many horns did the Pentaceratops have on the sides of its face?

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that tells when the Pentaceratops lived.

Inference 4. What do you think all of the horns on the Pentaceratops were for? a. to attract other dinosaurs b. to help it find food c. to protect itself

Conclusion 5. Why would other horned dinosaurs think the Pentaceratops was important? a. it had more horns than they did b. it was a better fighter c. it was more scary-looking


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Name Date

(title)


RL - 5.1

The first bicycle was invented in the 19th century. It was called a “dandy horse.” It had no pedals and was pushed along by a person’s feet. A later version was called the “high wheeler.” It had one big wheel in the front and one small wheel on the back.

Eventually, the chain-and-sprocket bicycle was developed. It had two same-sized wheels. Today, there are many bicycles, including the tandem, which is a bicycle built for two. A mountain bike is for riding on land that is rough. Bike riding is good exercise and fun to do.

Main Idea 1. What is this story mostly about? a. who can ride the tandem bicycle b. the development of the bicycle c. the mountain bike

Details 2. What is the name of the bicycle that had two same-sized wheels? a. the “dandy horse” b. the mountain bike c. the chain-and-sprocket bicycle

Locating the Answer 3. Write the sentence that describes the “dandy horse.”

Sequence 4. What kind of bicycle came after the “high wheeler”?

Vocabulary 5. people may ride on a tandem bicycle. Title 6. Give the story a title. Write the title on the line above the story.

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Answer Key

Page Page

1 1. B 2. mountains, oceans, and continents 3. Cracks between the plates are called faults. 4. C 5. onion 6. Answers will vary.

2 1. C 2. gold and jewels 3. They had more diamonds than they had fingers or toes to decorate, so they put the gems in their front teeth. 4. C 5. A 6. Answers will vary.

3 1. The survival of desert animals. Sentences will vary. 2. C 3. The animals come out to hunt food at sunrise and sunset. 4. B 5. Fact 6. Answers will vary.

4 1. B 2. Between 1860 and 1890 3. C 4. Cowboys worked on ranches. 5. a place to sell things. 6. The cowboys were important. Answers will vary. 7. Answers will vary.

5 1. The history of ice skates. Sentences may vary. 2. cow bones 3. Skates with metal blades came along about 500 years ago. 4. A 5. Opinion 6. Answers will vary.

6 1. C 2. 200 miles 3. One held her up while the other two circled her. 4. saved 5. A 6. Answers will vary.

7 1. Animals that have learned how to talk. Sentences may vary. 2. B 3. A chimpanzee named Washoe uses sign language to speak. 4. different 5. B 6. Answers will vary.

8 1. B 2. C 3. When it was first built, it was gray, and it was called the President’s Palace. 4. 1814 5. False 6. Answers will vary.

9 1. B 2. burn energy 3. The energy makes heat. 4. C 5. True 6. Answers will vary.

10 1. A 2. a muscle 3. When a cat is scared, the hair on its back stands on end. 4. both are connected to muscles 5. B 6. Answers will vary.

11 1. C 2. about 150 years ago 3. The first pair had wooden wheels. 4. C 5. False 6. Opinion 7. Answers will vary.

12 1. B 2. Fact 3. organs in the spider called spinnerets 4. The threads of silk going around and around the middle are sticky. 5. A 6. Answers will vary.

13 1. B 2. thorns 3. The toes are pointed so cowboys can easily put their feet into stirrups when they get on their horses. 4. C 5. gym shoes 6. Answers will vary.

14 1. B 2. traveler 3. hunters 4. move, everything they own, with 5. C 6. Answers will vary.

15 1. Animals that use their tails for different things. Sentences may vary. 2. love message 3. The gila monster, a big desert lizard, stores food in its fat tail. 4. Fact 5. B 6. Answers will vary.

16 1. How bats search for food at night. Sentences may vary. 2. C 3. Their bite is harmless, but animals can become sick if the wound becomes infected. 4. Fact 5. 1, 2, 3 6. Answers will vary.

17 1. C 2. 10 feet 3. 10-40 feet 4. Bananas are native to Southeast Asia, but they are now grown in all tropical countries. 5. dies 6. does not 7. Answers will vary.

18 1. C 2. 1,250 miles 3. It was declared a marine park in 1983. 4. Fact 5. B 6. Answers will vary.

19 1. A 2. C 3. 1898 4. Puerto Rico is an island in the Caribbean Sea. 5. False 6. Answers will vary.

20 1. C 2. B 3. Morrison’s Flying Saucer, Pluto Platter, Frisbee 4. The company gave it a new name. 5. B 6. Answers will vary.

21 1. C 2. It begins in Anchorage and ends in Nome. 3. Yukon River 4. A 5. B 6. Answers will vary.

22 1. A 2. 1,000 pounds 3. 10 feet 4. Manatees live in shallow waters. 5. Fact 6. A 7. Answers will vary.

23 1. A 2. Answers will vary. 3. People on the other side see just the sun and the rain. 4. B 5. Opinion 6. The sun has to be behind you. 7. Answers will vary.

24 1. The earth’s axis. Sentences may vary. 2. rotate 3. North Star 4. In 26,000 years, it will point to a different “North Star.” 5. C 6. Fact 7. Answers will vary.

25 1. A 2. two-thirds 3. True 4. B 5. The anglerfish has a lantern on a rod that sticks out from its head. 6. C 7. Answers will vary.

26 1. C 2. The eggs are carried in the father sea horse’s pouch until they are ready to hatch. 3. 45 days 4. standing up 5. 2, 3, 1 6. Answers will vary.

27 1. A 2. Fact 3. “Don’t hurt me.” 4. This means, “I’m the boss around here.” 5. C 6. A 7. Answers will vary.

28 1. B 2. 300 years ago 3. Mother Goose is often shown riding a goose and waving a wand. 4. False 5. Opinion 6. B 7. Answers will vary.

29 1. C 2. A 3. brown fingerprints 4. Mom went to get the chocolate cake she had baked for dessert, but there was a huge piece missing! 5. Jim’s book had brown fingerprints on it. 6. Answers will vary.

30 1. B 2. C 3. fluid 4. When you turn, the fluid moves, too, and your brain gets a message that you are turning. 5. A 6. Answers will vary.

31 1. What it’s like to be an astronaut. Sentences may vary. 2. C 3. They can get sick to their stomachs. Answers will vary. 4. B 5. train 6. Answers will vary.

32 1. C 2. Prussia 3. He saw that the sleeves of his soldiers’ uniforms were always dirty. 4. C 5. Opinion 6. Answers will vary.

33 1. B 2. electricity 3. When it jumps to the earth, there’s a flash of lightning. 4. C 5. False 6. Fact 7. Answers will vary.

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Page Page

34 1. C 2. suckers 3. These suckers help them keep a tight hold. 4. Opinion 5. B 6. Answers will vary.

35 1. C 2. C 3. soften 4. When the wafers are taken out of the oven, the slips of paper are placed on the hot cookies. 5. Opinion 6. The fortunes are printed on slips of paper. 7. Answers will vary.

36 1. C 2. 2 miles 3. Sound travels one mile in five seconds. 4. B 5. A 6. Answers will vary.

37 1. Caring for a dog. Sentences may vary. 2. social 3. at least once 4. B 5. lonely and sad 6. Opinion 7. Answers will vary.

38 1. C 2. A 3. jabs 4. Fact 5. 4, 1, 3, 2 6. Answers will vary.

39 1. C 2. roast 3. There were also some footprints along the edge of the counter where the roast was cooking in the Crock-Pot. 4. Opinion 5. B 6. Answers will vary.

40 1. The Stegosaurus dinosaur. Sentences may vary. 2. 4,000 pounds 3. 30 feet long 4. It fed on plants. 5. C 6. B 7. Answers will vary.

41 1. B 2. magma 3. Then it makes a special kind of rock called igneous rock. 4. 1, 3, 2 5. B 6. Answers will vary.

42 1. The light of a firefly. Sentences may vary. 2. False 3. B 4. C 5. The mixture glows and the bug lights up. 6. to attract other fireflies 7. Answers will vary.

43 1. C 2. honey and fruit juices 3. milk 4. 2, 1, 3 5. Opinion 6. Answers will vary.

44 1. The fishing technique of Maori fishermen. Sentences may vary. 2. B 3. If the fishermen can hold on tightly, they will have a nice fish supper. 4. 3, 2, 1 5. A 6. Answers will vary.

45 1. C 2. camels 3. The statues have a woman’s body and the head of the cat. 4. Opinion 5. C 6. Answers will vary.

46 1. C 2. B 3. One day, Levi had too much tent material. 4. B 5. B 6. Answers will vary.

47 1. C 2. Answers will vary. 3. Bald eagles are large birds which are found in North America. 4. C 5. aeries 6. hives 7. Answers will vary.

48 1. sea cucumbers 2. sand and pieces of dead animals and plants 3. They are found at shorelines and coasts, and at the bottom of coral reefs. 4. B 5. Opinion 6. A 7. Answers will vary.

49 1. C 2. limestone 3. kiss, Blarney Stone, talk, out 4. Opinion 5. A 6. Answers will vary. 7. Answers will vary.

50 1. B 2. Fact 3. freezing 4. This is because the sun shines on it and warms it. 5. A 6. Because it’s furthest from the sun. 7. Answers will vary.

51 1. B 2. 1868 3. It had two arms that had red and green gas lamps attached to them. 4. Fact 5. A 6. Answers will vary.

52 1. C 2. bread, peanut butter, and jelly 3. It can make a delicious lunch or an after-school snack. 4. C 5. B 6. Opinion 7. Answers will vary.

53 1. C 2. 197 3. Inns and coffee houses had a regular meal at a fixed time and fixed price. 4. B 5. C 6. Answers will vary.

54 1. B 2. started making chocolate 3. He was 18 years old. 4. 3, 1, 2 5. C 6. Answers will vary.

55 1. A solar eclipse. Sentences may vary. 2. Answers will vary. 3. B 4. C 5. Opinion 6. Answers will vary.

56 1. A 2. the Dead Sea 3. Sometimes, people lay on top of the water with an umbrella in one hand and a book in the other. 4. B 5. B 6. Answers will vary.

57 1. Afternoon tea in England. Sentences may vary. 2. You drink tea and eat sandwiches or cakes topped with butter and marmalade. 3. jelly, oranges 4. C 5. Fact 6. Answers will vary. 7. Answers will vary.

58 1. The stunts that acrobats perform. Sentences may vary. 2. tall platform 3. An acrobat might ride a bicycle while someone sits on his shoulders. 4. A 5. Opinion 6. B 7. Answers will vary.

59 1. C 2. stigma 3. Bees then use the nectar they bring back to the hive to feed themselves. 4. C 5. 3, 1, 2 6. Answers will vary.

60 1. C 2. animal 3. half-inch long 4. It takes thousands of years for coral reefs to form. 5. C 6. False 7. Answers will vary.

61 1. Why walking sticks are interesting insects. Sentences may vary. 2. half an inch 3. brown to green to gray 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. Answers will vary.

62 1. B 2. hover 3. Helicopters are able to fly forwards, sideways, and backwards. 4. Fact 5. B 6. Answers will vary.

63 1. The animals found in Australia. Sentences may vary. 2. 30 miles per hour 3. It has a bill like a duck, webbed feet, and a hairy coat. 4. A 5. C 6. Answers will vary.

64 1. C 2. deer, pigs, and water buffaloes 3. over 50 4. A 5. Opinion 6. Answers will vary.

65 1. The history of the Olympic Games. Sentences may vary. 2. At the opening ceremonies, a huge torch is lit by a small torch. 3. Olympia, Greece 4. B 5. 3, 2, 1 6. Answers will vary.

66 1. B 2. Neil Armstrong and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin 3. On July 20, 1969, the spaceship landed on the moon. 4. B 5. Fact 6. Answers will vary.

67 1. B 2. two 3. It lived 70 million years ago during the cretaceous time period. 4. C 5. A 6. Answers will vary.

68 1. B 2. C 3. It had no pedals and was pushed along by a person’s feet. 4. chain-and-sprocket 5. Two 6. Answers will vary.

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