Compounds and Their Bonds
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Transcript of Compounds and Their Bonds
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1
Compounds and Their Bonds
Naming and Writing Ionic Formulas
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Charges of Representative Elements
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Names of Some Common Ions
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Give the names of the following ions: Ba2+ Al3+ K+
_________ __________ _________
N3 O2 F
_________ __________ _________
P3 S2 Cl
_________ __________ _________
Learning Check
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Ba2+ Al3+ K+
barium aluminum potassium
N3 O2 F
nitride oxide fluoride
P3 S2 Cl
phosphide sulfide chloride
Solution
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Naming Ionic Compounds with Two ElementsTo name a compound with two elements, identify the cation and
anion name the cation first,
followed by the name of the anion
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Formula Ions Name Cation Anion
NaCl Na+ Cl– sodium chlorideK2S K+ S2– potassium sulfideMgO Mg2+ O2– magnesium oxideCaI2 Ca2+ I– calcium iodide
Al2O3 Al3+ S2– aluminum sulfide
Examples of Ionic Compounds with Two Elements
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Write the names of the following compounds:
1) CaO ___________
2) KBr ___________
3) Al2O3 ___________
4) MgCl2___________
Learning Check
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Write the names of the following compounds:
1) CaO calcium oxide2) KBr potassium bromide3) Al2O3 aluminum oxide
4) MgCl2magnesium chloride
Solution
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Learning Check
Write the formulas and names for compounds of the following ions:
Br– S2− N3−
Na+
Al3+
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Solution
Br− S2− N3−
Na+
Al3+
NaBrsodium bromide
Na2Ssodium sulfide
Na3Nsodium nitride
AlBr3
aluminum bromide
Al2S3
aluminum sulfide
AlNaluminum nitride
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Transition Metals Form Positive IonsMost transition metals and Group 4(14) metals, Form 2 or more positive ions Zn2+, Ag+, and Cd2+ form only one ion.
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Metals with Variable ChargeThe names of transitionmetals with two or morepositive ions (cations) use aRoman numeral after thename of the metal to identifyionic charge.
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Naming Ionic Compounds with Variable Charge Metals
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Examples of Names of Compounds with Variable Charge Metals
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Guide to Naming Ionic Compounds with Variable Charge Metals
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Naming FeCl2
STEP 1 Determine the charge of the cation from the anion.
Fe ion + 2 Cl– = Fe ion + 2– = 0 Fe ion = 2+ = Fe2+
STEP 2 Name the cation by the element name, and use a Roman numeral to show its charge.
Fe2+ = iron(II)STEP 3 Write the anion with an ide ending. chlorideSTEP 4 Name the cation first, then the anion. iron(II) chloride
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Naming Cr2O3
STEP 1 Determine the charge of cation from the anion. 2Cr ions + 3O2– = 2Cr ions + 3(2–)
= 2Cr ions + 6– = 0
2Cr ions = 6+ Cr ion = 3+ = Cr3+
STEP 2 Name the cation by the element name, and use a Roman numeral to show its charge. Cr3+ = chromium(III)
STEP 3 Write the anion with an ide ending. oxideSTEP 4 Name the cation first, then the anion. chromium (III) oxide
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Learning Check
Select the correct name for each.A. Fe2S3
1) iron sulfide 2) iron(II) sulfide 3) iron(III) sulfide
B. CuO 1) copper oxide 2) copper(I) oxide 3) copper(II) oxide
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Solution
Select the correct name for each.A. Fe2S3
3) iron(III) sulfide Fe3+ S2–
B. CuO 3) copper(II) oxide Cu2+ O2–
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Guide to Writing Formulas from the Name
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Writing Formulas
Write a formula for potassium sulfide.STEP 1 Identify the cation and anion. potassium = K+
sulfide = S2−
STEP 2 Balance the charges. K+ S2−
K+
2(1+) + 1(2–) = 0STEP 3 Write the cation first.
2K+ and 1S2− = K2S1 = K2S
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Writing Formulas
Write a formula for iron(III) chloride.STEP 1 Identify the cation and anion. iron (III) = Fe3+ (III = charge of 3+) chloride = Cl−
STEP 2 Balance the charges. Fe3+ Cl−
Cl− Cl−
1(3+) + 3(1–) = 0STEP 3 Write the cation first.
1Fe3+ and 3Cl− = FeCl3
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Learning Check
The correct formula for each of the following is:A. copper(I) nitride
1) CuN 2) CuN3 3) Cu3N
B. lead(IV) oxide 1) PbO2 2) PbO 3) Pb2O4
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Solution
The correct formula for each of the following is:A. copper(I) nitride
3) Cu3N 3Cu+ + N3– = 3(1+) + (3–) = 0
B. lead(IV) oxide 1) PbO2 Pb4+ + 2O2– = (4+) + 2(2–) = 0