COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein...

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Transcript of COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein...

Page 1: COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein Triglyceride Phospholipid.
Page 2: COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein Triglyceride Phospholipid.
Page 3: COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein Triglyceride Phospholipid.
Page 4: COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein Triglyceride Phospholipid.
Page 5: COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein Triglyceride Phospholipid.
Page 6: COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein Triglyceride Phospholipid.
Page 7: COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein Triglyceride Phospholipid.
Page 8: COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein Triglyceride Phospholipid.

COMPOSITION OF LIPIDSCOMPOSITION OF LIPIDS

• Lipoproteins

• Apolipoproteins

• Lipoproteins

• Apolipoproteins

• Cholesterol• Cholesterol• Protein• Protein• Triglyceride• Triglyceride

• Phospholipid• Phospholipid

Page 9: COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein Triglyceride Phospholipid.
Page 10: COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein Triglyceride Phospholipid.
Page 11: COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein Triglyceride Phospholipid.

• Chylomicron

• Very Low Density Lipoprotein

• Low Density Lipoprotein

• Intermediate Density Lipoprotein

• High Density Lipoprotein

• Chylomicron

• Very Low Density Lipoprotein

• Low Density Lipoprotein

• Intermediate Density Lipoprotein

• High Density Lipoprotein

Page 12: COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein Triglyceride Phospholipid.
Page 13: COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein Triglyceride Phospholipid.
Page 14: COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein Triglyceride Phospholipid.
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CHOLESTEROL METABOLISMCHOLESTEROL METABOLISM

• Exogenous

• Endogenous

• Reverse Cholesterol Transport

• LDL Uptake

• Exogenous

• Endogenous

• Reverse Cholesterol Transport

• LDL Uptake

Page 17: COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein Triglyceride Phospholipid.
Page 18: COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein Triglyceride Phospholipid.
Page 19: COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein Triglyceride Phospholipid.
Page 20: COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein Triglyceride Phospholipid.
Page 21: COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein Triglyceride Phospholipid.
Page 22: COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein Triglyceride Phospholipid.
Page 23: COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein Triglyceride Phospholipid.
Page 24: COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein Triglyceride Phospholipid.

HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors

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Fibric Acids

• ↓ TG synthesis• ↓ lipoprotein synthesis• ↓ excretion of

lipoproteins from liver; primarily VLDL• ↓ synthesis of

cholesterol• ↑ production of sterols• ↑ HDL

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Bile Acid Binding Resins

Nicotinic Acid• Bind bile salts in gut• Cholesterol eliminated

in the feces• Liver uses other sources

of cholesterol (LDL) to make more bile

Page 27: COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Cholesterol Protein Triglyceride Phospholipid.

Nicotinic Acid

• Inhibits liver secretion of VLDL• Reduced serum LDL• Inhibits removal of HDL• Increases excretion of

sterols in the feces

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Fibric Acids

• ↓ LDL• ↓ VLDL• ↓ TG

Bile Acid Binding Resins

• ↑ HDL

• ↓ LDL

• ↓ LDL• ↓ VLDL• ↓ TG

HMG CoA ReductaseInhibitors

Nicotinic Acid

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Series1

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Dufaux, International Journal of Sports Medicine, 1982

TRIGLYCERIDES & TRAININGTRIGLYCERIDES & TRAINING

IncreaseIncrease

Decrease

No ChangeNo Change

Numbers of Studies

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Series1

0 5 10 15 20

Dufaux, International Journal of Sports Medicine, 1982

CHOLESTEROL & TRAININGCHOLESTEROL & TRAINING

Increase

Decrease

No Change

Numbers of Studies

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Series1

0 5 10 15 20

Dufaux, International Journal of Sports Medicine, 1982

LDL & TRAININGLDL & TRAINING

IncreaseIncrease

Decrease

No Change

Numbers of Studies

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Series1

0 5 10 15 20 25

Dufaux, International Journal of Sports Medicine, 1982

HDL & TRAININGHDL & TRAINING

Increase

Decrease orNo Change

Numbers of Studies

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Tolfrey K, et al Sports Medicine 29:99-112, 2000

Pediatric Triglyceride response to Exercise

Series1

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

IncreaseIncrease

Decrease

No ChangeNo Change

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Series1

0 5 10 15 20

Increase

Decrease

No Change

Numbers of Studies

Pediatric Total Cholesterol response to Exercise

Tolfrey K, et al Sports Medicine 29:99-112, 2000

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Series1

0 5 10 15 20

IncreaseIncrease

Decrease

No Change

Numbers of Studies

Pediatric LDL response to Exercise

Tolfrey K, et al Sports Medicine 29:99-112, 2000

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Series1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Increase

Decrease

No Change

Numbers of Studies

Pediatric HDL response to Exercise

Tolfrey K, et al Sports Medicine 29:99-112, 2000

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Hurley, B.F., MSSE 21:689-693, 1989.

RESISTANCE TRAININGRESISTANCE TRAINING

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

Change in Lipid total

LDL

HDL

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Hurley, B.F., MSSE 21:689-693, 1989.

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Combined Normal Borderline High150

170

190

210

230

250

270

CHOLESTEROL & TRAININGCHOLESTEROL & TRAINING

Whaley et al, J Cardiopulm Rehab 12:42-50, 1992

Pre Post

Tota

l Cho

lest

erol

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Total Cholesterol

LDL HDL-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

ChangeRisk

Chan

ge in

Val

ues

or R

isk

Lipid Research Clinics, JAMA 251:356-374, 1984.

Reduction in Risk related to Reduction in Cholesterol

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Framingham

Albany

Chicago Gas

Chicago Electric

Tacumseh

US Railroad

Seven Countries

LRC

-35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0

Risk Reduction

Risk reduction associated with a 20.7 mg/dL reduction in Total Cholesterol

Lipid Research Clinics, JAMA 251:356-374, 1984.

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Lehmann, R, et al. European J Clin Invest 31:37-44, 2001.

Total HDL HDL2 HDL30

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

PrePost

HD

L an

d su

bfra

ction

s (m

mol

/L)

HDL Subfractions and Physical Activity

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Lehmann, R, et al. European J Clin Invest 31:37-44, 2001.

Hepatic Lipase LPL LCAT0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90Pe

rcen

t Inc

reas

e

HDL Subfractions and Physical Activity

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Choleterol LDL HDL0

20406080

100120140160180200220

PrePost

Lipi

d Co

ncen

trati

on (m

g/dL

Kraus, WE, et al. N Eng J Med 347:1483-1492, 2002

Exercise & Lipid Subfractions

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Kraus, WE, et al. N Eng J Med 347:1483-1492, 2002

Small LDL Large LDL0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

PrePost

Conc

entr

ation

of P

artic

les

(mg/

dL)

Exercise & Lipid Subfractions

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Total C

VLDL LDL HDL HDL2 HDL30

50

100

150

200

250

PrePost

Conc

entr

ation

(mg/

dL)

Seip, RL. Et al. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis 13:1359-1367, 1993.

HDL Subfractions and Physical Activity

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HDL HDL2 HDL30

10

20

30

40

50

60

PrePost

Conc

entr

ation

(mg/

dL)

Seip, RL. Et al. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis 13:1359-1367, 1993.

HDL Subfractions and Physical Activity

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Pre Post0

2

4

6

8

10

12Lp

(a) (

mg/

dL)

Lp(a) and Physical Activity

Seip, RL. Et al. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis 13:1359-1367, 1993.

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Lopez, A, et al Atherosclerosis 20:1-9, 1974.

alpha lipoprotein260

270

280

290

300

310

320

330

340

PrePost

How does HDL change with exercise?

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Lopez, A, et al Atherosclerosis 20:1-9, 1974.

Pre Post0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6LC

AT

Acti

vity

How does HDL change with exercise?

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Pre Post 24 hour 48 hour50

70

90

110

130

150

170

HyperNormo

Trig

lyce

ride

s (m

g/dL

)

Grandjean, et al J Applied Physiology 89:472-480, 2000

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Pre Post 24 hour 48 hours5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19LP

L ac

tivity

(μm

ol/m

l hr)

Hyper

Normo

Grandjean, et al J Applied Physiology 89:472-480, 2000

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CETP and Physical Activity

Seip, RL. Et al. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis 13:1359-1367, 1993.

Pre Post1.5

1.7

1.9

2.1

2.3

2.5

2.7CE

TP (u

g/dL

)