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1. Introduction

Out of 510 million square kilometers of our planet, oceans account for 361 million square

kilometers. But still we dont know much about them, especiall at the bottom of the sea.

!he main reason for this is their depth and the enormous pressure one encounters at those

depths. !he ocean contains about 13"0 million cubic kilometers of water and the a#era$e

depth is about 3%11 m. !he deepest part of the ocean, &arianas !rench located at

'orthern &arianan (slands is about 10)*3 m deep,named the changellenger Deep [1].

(t was e+plored onl in 1)60 and not man ha#e returned into it since. ompare this with

the number of persons climbin$ the tallest peak, &t. -#erest e#er ear and the number

astronomers bein$ sent b satellites e#er ear, the prime reason is the pressure that one

encounters at those depths and buildin$ suitable pressure #essels to withstand such

pressures.

!he enormous amount of hdrocarbons a#ailable at deep seas is the incenti#e for

mankind to e+plore it. lso the de#eloped countries look into ocean to store their

industrial waste. /or the e+ploration of deep seas, suitable pressure #essels to withstand

the hdrostatic pressures that one encounters at such depths should be desi$ned.

owe#er, uman Occupied ehicles 2O can di#e upto "500 m [1]. !he 4apanesehinkai 6500 is capable of reachin$ depth upto 6500m. owe#er, these tpes of

submersibles ma not be $reat use in future due to their hi$h wei$ht and #er small

amount of space the pro#ide. new breed of pressure #essels made of composite

materials which will ha#e hi$h stren$th to wei$ht ratio is the need of the hours.

Aims and Objectives

!he aim of this proect is to conduct theoretical and e+perimental studies on the pressure

#essels made of carbon and $lass fibre composites for their bucklin$ pressure.

!heoretical studies are to be conducted usin$ &ises'7, a pro$ram written b 8oss for the

bucklin$ pressures. !he material properties used for these anal9es are either

e+perimentall obtain or theoreticall calculated.

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!he results ha#e been analsed to predict the bucklin$ pressures of the $i#en pressure

#essels, without doin$ destructi#e e+perimental testin$. !he followin$ obecti#es are to

be achie#ed to ensure the practical bucklin$ pressure estimation or prediction.

!he composite tube specimens manufactured are to be of standard dimension as

suitable for testin$

omposite material specimens are tested under hdrostatic pressure to failure

!he material properties are obtained either throu$h e+periments or usin$

theoretical approaches

!he Bucklin$ pressures are estimated b &ises'7 pro$ram and different material

properties used for analsis

7lastic :nockdown /actor 27:; and the thinness ratio of specimens are

calculated

;esi$n charts are drafted for the composite specimen tested

-+periments and theoretical results are compared