YASSER ALI AL MORTADA AL WASIFIBDS,MSc,PhD,DDS.

Quotedfrom: S.C.Bayne,SchoolofDentistry,UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,MI

METHYL METHACRYLATE

BIS - GMA

CHEMICAL ACTIVATED (1) LIGHT ACTIVATED (1)

ACTIVATOR: BenzoylPeroxide UltraViolet(365nm)VisibleLight(460480nm)

INITIATOR: Tertiaryaromaticamine Camphoroquinone

LIGHTABSORBER:

--- Benzoine methyletherforUV.Alphadiketone (aliphaticamine)forVLC.

CHEMICAL ACTIVATED LIGHT ACTIVATED

FORM: Twopastesystem Onepastesystem

MIXING: Mixequalparts~ entrappedairvoids Readilyavailablewithnomixing

WORKING TIME: Limited Flexible

SETTING: StartuponmixingExtendeduntilconsumingall initiatorCommandExtendeduntillightemissionstopped

CONVERSION: Homogenousmaximumcuring Un-homogeneousAffectedbytimeanddepthoflight

CHEMICAL ACTIVATED LIGHT ACTIVATEDCOLOR

REPRODUCTION:Poorqualityofcolorreproduction Highqualityofcolorreproduction

TECHNIQUESENSITIVITY:

Onlylimitedworkingtime Problemswithambientlight

Quotedfrom: S.C.Bayne,SchoolofDentistry,UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,MI

COMPOSITE TYPE FILLERDensifiedcomposites: - Midway filled

Ultra-fineFine

60%byvolumeParticles3m

Micro-finecomposites: - HomogeneousAverageparticlesize=0.04m

- HeterogeneousMiscellaneousComposites: Blendsofdensifiedandmicro-finecomposites

TraditionalComposites Equivalenttowhataretermedmacrofillcompositesinotherclassifications

FiberReinforced Composites: Industrial-usecomposites

Quotedfrom: S.C.Bayne,SchoolofDentistry,UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,MI

Quotedfrom: https://www.kerrdental.com/kerr-restoratives/premise-universal-nanofilled-composite

Quotedfrom: 3MESPE,Filtek SupremeUltraTechnicalProductProfile

free shrinkage

LOW C-FACTOREffective shrinkage willbe toward the cavitywalls

HIGH C-FACTORBefore Polymerization

HIGH C-FACTORPre-Gel Phase

HIGH C-FACTORPost-Gel Phase

HIGH C-FACTORPost-Gel Phase

HIGH C-FACTORThis resulting in white line at the tooth restoration interface denoting de-bonding

HIGH C-FACTOR

In such a case, to reduce the C-factor:1. Lining with GIC or flowable composite2. Incremental packing in vertical or oblique pattern3. If it is difficult, split the horizontal increment