Components Used In Electrical and Electronic Projects

Electrical and Electronic

Components Used in Projects

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Introduction

Electrical and Electronic Components Used in Projects

There are numerous basic electrical and electronic components are normally found in numerous circuits of peripherals like hard disks, mother boards, etc. Several circuits are designed with numerous components like resistors, capacitors, inductors, transistors, transformers, switches and fuses etc.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsThe Major Electrical and Electronic Components Are

Resistors, Capacitors, Fuses, Transistors, Integrated Circuits, Relays, Switches, Motors, Circuit Breakers, Resistors, Inductors, Transformers, Battery, And Fuse.

The major electrical and electronic components utilized in electrical and electronic projects are.






Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsAbout Active and Passive Components1. Active components

A component that provides and controls energy.

2. Passive Components

A component that responds to the flow of voltage and either dissipates or store energy.






Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsResistor

A resistor is an electrical component that restricts the flow of a current in a circuit.






Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsResistor

The electrical device may also be used to afford a particular voltage to a semiconductor.

Once current flows through the resistor.

The resistor absorbs the voltage and degenerates within the form of heat.

Resistors might have variable or mounted resistances.






Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsResistor The current flow through a resistor is directly proportional to the

voltage across the resistor terminals.

The relationship is pictured by Ohm’s law.

Ohms law V=IR from this equation, we are able to get I=V/R

Where, ‘V’ is that the voltage of the conductor, ‘I’ is the current through the conductor.

‘R’ is the resistance of the conductor.






Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsCapacitor

A capacitor is a two terminal linear passive component that is made from 2 conductive plates with an insulator between them.







Capacitor

The main function of a capacitor is that, it stores voltage once an electrical charge is forced onto its terminals from a power supply.

It maintains the charge even when getting disconnected from the power supply.

A capacitor is employed with a resistor and can also be used as a filter to permit the AC signals and block the DC signals.







Capacitor

The stored electrical charge is Q=CV

Where, “C” is the capacitive reactance and ‘V’ is the applied voltage.

Thus, the current flow through a capacitor is I= C dv/dt






Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsMicrocontroller A microcontroller is a small computer on

a single integrated circuit.

It assembles all the options which are found within the microprocessor.

it has a high concentration of on chip amenities like RAM, ROM, timers I/O ports, serial port, interrupt and clock circuit.

These are used in numerous automatically controlled devices like remote controls, medical devices, automobile engine control systems, power tools, toys, workplace machines, and different embedded systems.






Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsInductor

An inductor or coil or a reactor is a two-terminal passive electrical component.

It stores voltage within the form of magnetic energy.

Generally an inductor includes of a conductor.

component wound into a coil that works on the principle of Faraday’s law of inductance.

Once a current flows through the coil from the left side to the right side.






Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsInductor

The coil produces a magnetic field within the clockwise direction.

The inductance of the inductor is denoted by ‘L’.

L== (µ.K.N2.S)/I.

Where, • ‘L’ is an inductance.• ‘K’ is a Nagaoka constant.• ‘µ’ is a Magnetic permeability.• ‘N’ is the number of turns of the coils.• ‘S’ is the Cross section area of the coil.• ‘I’ is the Length of the coil in axial direction.






Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsTransformer

A transformer is an electrical device and it consists of 2 coils of wire that are joined by an iron core.

It has the capability of changing the current and voltage levels simply.

The main function of the transformer is that to increase (step-up) or decrease (step-down) AC voltages.

The transformer works on the principle of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.







Transformer

It means that mutual inductance between 2 circuits that is linked by a common magnetic flux.

Transformer converts an electrical energy from one circuit to another circuit.

With the help of mutual induction between the 2 windings without electrical connection between them.

It converts power from one circuit to another circuit without changing the frequency.






Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsTransformer

In a step up transformer, secondary winding contains a lot of winding than the first coil.

Transformer has more windings in the primary than the secondary winding.

These are one of the main reasons we use AC current in our homes and not DC.

DC voltages can’t be modified using transformers.






Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsBattery

A battery is an electrical device that is employed to convert chemical energy into voltage through electrochemical discharge reactions.

Batteries are composed of one or more cells where each cell having an anode (+), the cathode (-) and the solution.

The anode and the cathode are preserved to an electric circuit.

Batteries are classified into 2 varieties

1. Primary or disposable batteries

2. Secondary or rechargeable batteries






Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsBattery

The primary batteries don’t seem to be reversible.

The secondary batteries are reversible.






Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsFuse

A fuse is a material or a bit of wire which is employed to protect the components from destruction due to excessive current flowing through them.

When excessive current flows through the circuit, the wires get heated up and get broken.

When wire get broken, the current stops flowing.

When the fuse melts due to overflow of current then, the part of the fuse absorbs some energy.






Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsFuse The absorbed energy is given by I2t.

Where, ‘I’ is the peak value of the current interrupted

‘t’ is the time taken to clear the fault.

When the fuse blows, it offers a signal that there is some reasonably fault within the circuit.

A fuse element is made of Zn, copper, silver, aluminium or alloys to afford sure characteristics.







Diode/LED (Light Emitting Diode)

A diode is a device, which is made from semiconductor material that allows current to flow in one direction.

It blocks the current that tries to travel against the flow in a wire.

These devices are often used in several electronic circuits that convert AC to DC.

An LED is the alternative of the diode.







Diode/LED (Light Emitting Diode)

Once a current is applied to an LED; it emits light at a specific frequency.

LEDs are utilized in varied applications like.

Keyboards

Hard disks

TV remote controls

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsTransistors The transistor is a device, which consists of 3

terminals.

It fabricated from semiconductor material that controls the flow of voltage or current.

It acts as a switch for electronic signals.

There are 2 varieties of transistors PNP and NPN.






Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsTransistors

Most circuits uses NPN semiconductor.

Transistors are designed in numerous shapes.

The 3 terminals of the semiconductor are the base (B), emitter (E) and collector(C).

The base terminal is responsible for activating the transistor.

The emitter terminal is the negative lead and collector terminal is the positive lead.






Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsIntegrated Circuit Integrated circuit is also called IC and sometimes it

is additionally known as a chip.

The integrated circuit is a semiconductor device.

It has numerous resistors, capacitors, and transistors are fabricated.

It will operate as a microprocessor, microchip, amplifier, and timer.

An IC is classified as either linear or nonlinear depending on its application.







Integrated Circuit Linear ICs or analog integrated circuits have continuously variable O/P.

It depends on the level of i/p signal.

These linear ICs are used as audio frequency and radio frequency amplifiers.

Digital ICs operate at only some defined states, instead of over a continuous vary of signal amplitudes.

The basic structure of digital integrated circuits is logic gates.

Integrated circuits uses in computers, modems, computer networks and frequency counters.






Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsRelays Relays are switches. It is used to control the circuits by employing a low

power signal.

The relays comprise of a magnet, a coil, a series of electrical contacts and a spring.

There is no electrical connection between the two circuits within the relay.

It is connected through the magnetic connection.

Relays are used to perform logical operations in telephone exchanges and computers.






Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsRelays






Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsSwitches

A switch is an electrical device, it is employed to interrupt the circuit.

The switch works with ON and OFF mechanism.

It Interrupt the current and provide the current from one conductor to a different conductor.







Switches

Switches are classified into four varieties like

(SPST) Single pole single throw.

(SPDT) Single pole double throw.

(DPST) Double pole single throw.

(DPDT) Double pole double throw.







Motors

A motor is an electrical device, it converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

The motor contains rotor, stator, bearings, conduit box, enclosure and eye bolt.

The motors are competent for the tasks which they perform when compared to pneumatic or hydraulic alternatives.






Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsMotors

Motors are categorized into different types like.

AC inductance motors

DC motors And Stepper motor

Three phase induction motor

Brushless magnet electric motor

Brushed DC motor

Switched reluctance motor.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsCircuit Breakers

A circuit breaker is a mechanical switching device which is operated automatically.

It used to defend an electric circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit.

The most functions of the circuit breaker is to interrupt current flow and determine a fault condition.

It includes of two contacts like moving & mounted contacts.






Electrical and Electronic Components Used in ProjectsCircuit Breakers

Moving contact: It is to interrupt and create the circuit victimization stored energies in the kind of spring or compressed air.

Mounted contact: Includes a spring that holds the moving contact when closing.

These devices accommodate two coils, closing and tripping coil.

Wherever closing coil is used to shut the circuit and tripping coil is employed to trip the circuit.







Conclusion

This list offers a quick info concerning different types of electronic and electrical components that are utilized in various electronic and electrical projects, embedded systems.

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Components Used In Electrical and Electronic Projects

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