COMPONENTS REQUIRED STEP DOWN PRANSFORMER: Ac applied to primary winding can be stepped down...
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Transcript of COMPONENTS REQUIRED STEP DOWN PRANSFORMER: Ac applied to primary winding can be stepped down...
COMPONENTS REQUIRED
• STEP DOWN PRANSFORMER:
Ac applied to primary winding can be stepped
down depending upon value of dc needed
In our project 230v ac appear as 15v ac across
secondary winding
POWER SUPPLY UNIT
BLOCK DIAGRAM : +5 Volts +12 Volts -12 Volts
Step Down Transformer
Bridge Rectifier
Positive Charge Capacitor
Positive Voltage Regulator IC 7812
Negative Charge Capacitor
LPF
Negative Voltage Regulator IC 7912
LPF
+5V Regulator LPF
PassiveTransducer
Excitation Power Source
+-
+-
0 to 100 % of physical impact
Output will be 0 if the Excitation is maximum for 0 to 100 % impact
Signal Conditioner To ADC10
Ω
+4 - 20 m A -
RECTIFIER UNIT
• Op-amp rectifier are used to convert ac to
dc(IC LM 1458)
CHARACTERISTICS OF OP-AMP
It must be tunable
It should not load pt and ct
It should not have any conduction losses
RELAYS
• Main function of relay is to detect the fault and intiate the operation of circuit breaker
ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAYS
These relays acts as a switches which
provides contact between two
mechanical element
INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER
• CURRENT TRANSFORMER
They are used so that ammeter and
currents coils of instruments and relays
need not be connected directly to high
voltage line
INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER
• POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
High alternating voltage are reduced in a
fixed proportion for the measurement
purpose with help of potential transformer
FILTERING UNIT
• It consists of capacitor acting as surge arrester
• To by pass ripples and high frequency signals
• It allows only low frequency signals
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
• It helps rectifier and filter circuit in providing a constant dc voltage to device
FIVE MODULES OF SCADA
• DATA ACQUIRING
• DATA PROCESSING
DATA CONVERSION
• DATA MANIPULATION
• DATA TRANSMISSION
DATA ACQUIRING
• It acquires variable status like temperature
pressure,flow etc
components of data acquistion are from simple thermocouple to complex gas analyser
Active transducer
Passive transducer
ACTIVE TRANSDUCER
• They are self generative as per physical variations offered to it
• ADVANTAGE
Reliable
low cost
better inter changablity
wide operating temperature
PASSIVE TRANSDUCER
• These types of transducer have output will be full or partial of excitation
• ADVANTAGE
available in all size
DISADVANTAGE
output will be reliable only if excitation
source is reliable
DATA ACQUIRING
• Flame detection
• Intruder detection
• Bomb detection
• Cable fault detection
• Staff attendance maintenance
• FLAME DETECTION
It can be used to detect fire in relays, generator ,contacts with help of LDR
INTRUDER DETECTION
BOMB DETECTION
• SENSOR
Inductive proximity sensor
It can be used to detect even rdx bomb
DATA PROCESSING
• It is much essential in field instrumentation for safe and secured operations of process industries
DATA CONVERSION
• It is the process of converting analog into computing data
example of data converters are ADC and DAC
DATA MANUPILATION
• It is the simple calculation between real value and ADC value
it comprises of
• Recording of values
• Graphical output
• Indication
• Controlling all application
DATA TRANSMISSION
• It forms bridge between master control room and sub system area
• Radio frequency can be utilized for data communication