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Essential components of communication■ Source /Sender■ Message■ Channels■ Noise/interference

■ Receiver■ Feedback■ Environment■ Context

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Keep in view of the Principles of Communication…….

■ Communication is a process■ Communication is a system■ Communication is both interactional and

transactional■ Communication can be intentional and

unintentional

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Source /Sender

■ It is the creator of the message■ More than one source can exist at one time■ Both persons ( as in the diagram) function as a

source; sending messages simultaneously to one another

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Source / Sender : Roles

■ Determines the meaning of what is to be communicated

■ Encodes the meanings into a message■ Sends the message■ Perceives and reacts to the response from the

receiver

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What does each person bring to the system?■ Knowledge

■ Attitudes■ Sociocultural background.■ “Everything” ■ The greater the difference between Person A

and B, the greater the effort and skill needed to communicate between them.

■ Respecting each others’ view is a good starting point

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Source/sender : Meanings of message

■ The meaning behind the message determines how you create will create the message. Your tone of voice, your choice of words and other non-verbal behaviours will help indicate the meanings.

■

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Source/sender :Encoding

■ Once a source has chosen a meaning, s/he encodes it.

■ Encoding is a process by which the source translates thoughts or feelings into words, sounds and physical expressions, which together make up the actual message that is meant to be sent.

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Source /sender : Sending■ The source then sends the message, which involves the

source’s ability to communicate overtly, that it to use voice and body to express the intended message accurately

■ Reacting : Since communication is a process and a system, the source/ sender must interpret the receicver’s response to the message. A source’s perception of a receiver’s response in most communication situations is simultaneous with the response.

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Message■ The message is the stimulus produced by the source.■ Messages are comprised of words, grammar,

organization of thoughts, physical appearance, body movement, voice, aspects of the person’s personality and self-concept, personal style etc.

■ Environment and noise can also shape the message■ Each message is unique, even if the same message is

created over and over again. It would differ in each instance because messages cannot be repeated of received exactly the same way or in the same context.

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Channels■ A channel is the route by which message flow between

sources and receivers. ■ The channels can differ, such as the light waves and

sound waves, which allow us to hear and see each other, or by writing, or by or kinds of media ( films, videotapes, etc) .

■ We also receive communication by smelling, touching and tasting.

■ All five senses contributed to communication.

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Noise / Interference■ Anything that changes the meaning of the intended

message is called interference.■ Interference is present in all communication process. ■ Interference can be external and physical, such as noise

caused by people talking.■ Interference can be non physical such as unpleasant

environment: eg. A room which is too hot or too cold, a smoke-filled room, distracting characteristics of a person, talking too fast or too slow etc

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Receiver■ In the model of the communication, both persons

function as receivers.■ A receiver analyses and interprets messages, translating

them into meaning ( this process is called decoding).■ In a communication dyad, both people are

simultaneously a receiver and a source.■ Just like the source, the receiver has many roles.

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Feedbacks■ A feedback is the response to a message, that a receiver

sends back to a source■ Feedback enables a sender to determine whether the

communication has been received and understood as intended.

■ To share meaning accurately, the sender must correct faulty messages, misconceptions, repeat missed meanings and correct responses as necessary.

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Feedbacks■ Served as a control mechanism in the communication

process. ■ Miscommunications happen because of not utilising the

feedback mechanism. ■ Another advantage of feedback is the increased

reception of information. As the amount of feedback increases, so does the accuracy of communication and the does the recipient’s confidence in performance.

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Environment■ The environment refers to the psychological and physical

surroundings in which communication occurs. ■ Environment encompasses the attitudes, feelings,

perceptions and everything else in the physical world and the psychological world.

■ The environment affects the nature and quality of the communication.

■ Effective communication can occur anywhere. ■ Pleasing and comfortable environments are more likely to

produce positive exchanges.

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Context

■ Context means: the broad circumstances or situation in which communication occur.

■ Communication does not occur in a vacuum. ■ Each context affects what we say and how we

say it. ■ Context also determines the type of

communication used.

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Ethics in Communication ■ Honesty■ Respect■ Concern for others■ Open mindedness■ Clarity■ No manipulation or coercion

■ Would there be times when there is conflict in terms of ethics?

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References: ■ Seiler, W. J (2008). Communication. Making

Connections (7th ed). Boston: Pearson ■ Verderber . R.F and Verderber , K. S. (2005).

Communicate ( 11th ed). Belmont : Thomson. ■ Tyler, S, Kossen, C and Ryan, C (2002).

Communication. A Foundation Course. Revised edition. NSW, AU: Prentice Hall

■ Hybels, S. and Weaver II, R. L (2004). Communicating Effectively ( 7th ed) .Boston: Mc Graw Hill

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A VERY IMPORTANT COMMUNICATION:THE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN US AND

GOD, OUR CREATOR

Have we checked if our communication with God is effective? If not, what can we do? If yes, what

can be improved?