Konstantin A. Khait

Lappeenranta, Finland, 2013

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Direct data connection from a vehicle to another road object

No intermediate infrastructure like cellular stations etc.

To exchange data with moving transport in real time

Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) + Vehicle To Infrastructure (V2I) = V2X

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Road Side Unit (RSU) installed as a part of active road side, toll

equipment, traffic light, etc.

On Board Unit (OBU) installed on the vehicle

Usually RSU not just transfer data, but process it and do decision making and controlling actions.

OBU may be passive (simply respond RSU requests) or active.

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Collision prevention

Intelligent traffic management

Toll roads

Safety and video surveillance

Data gathering from autonomous vehicles (isolated and temporary isolated fleet)

Remote diagnostics

Backup data channel

Driver/passenger information

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Very fast connection set up (no long handshake and short data path)

Predictable response time

Location based approach

Distributed data processing (no or limited functions of a central server)

Real time control and real time feedback

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There are no technologies which can fully replace V2X or be fully replaced by V2X.

However in some solutions V2X can alternate:

CEN DSRC and other transponder / RFID based approaches for shortdistance low speed communications

Cellular network (including 3G and 4G)for long distance high speed datatransfer

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Initially V2X was initially designed for collision prevention

Each car manufacturer has its [good looking] demo of how life can be cool with no accidents if equip all vehicles with V2X-based collision prevention system

It will be only working if most of vehicles equipped…

…and nobody knows how to do it.

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Currently V2X is usually based on IEEE 802.11p, so it is WiFi optimized for moving nodes

Reduced channel width

Reduced handshake procedure

Longer distance data transmission

Unified (or theoretically unified) protocols on top

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Two systems of standards: IEEE and ISO

Each manufacturer/deploying company selects what to use

Nobody fully meet standard, just declare: no real interoperability

IEEE 802.11p for raw data transfer

IEEE 1609 (WAVE) for exchange protocols

ISO CALM FAST for ITS systems architecture

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Very fresh (WAVE is just completed)

“War of standards”

No real interest of OEMs

No public implementations (just very early attempts)

Too sophisticated for some tasks

ITS oriented

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Intelligent Transport Systems

Autonomous fleets, mining equipment etc.

Security services

No real competition on the market [yet]. All projects are special and one goal, one customer and one OEM focused

ITS Integrators (Kapsch, Autostrada)

Tier One companies (NEC, Denso, Continental)

Independent OEMs (Cohda, Unex, Compo)

Academic institutions

Almost all aproaches (except Cohda and some others) are based on upgrade of existing 802.11 solutions

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Market is just at start of the growing

All projects are limited and usually sponsored by governmental or municipal organizations

Usually projects are dedicated to given OEM due to non-business decisions

Usually one OEM provides all IT infrastructure

Almost everything is proprietary and closed source

No collaboration between market players except academic and standardizing works

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All products are expensive:

Low price for OBU is $2000, usually >$3000. RSU is much higher (for almost WiFi!)

All products are unique.

Almost nothing available off the shelf

Very small volumes

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Market needs a reference implementation

It can stop the “war of standards”

It can help reducing R&D costs

It can give a common basis for interoperability

It can involve wide community of developers

It can make devices cheaper and available for low cost projects and small companies

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IEEE 802.11p is almost WiFi, IEEE 1906 is just a stack

RSU is very similar in design to WiFi AP enabled industrial computer

OBU is very similar in design to WiFi endpoint enabled ECU/TCU

No significant barriers to use Linux and OSS solutions. Componentality makes it for 2+ years, several other companies (like NEC and Unex) do the same without publishing these efforts

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OpenWrt

ATHxK drivers

WAVE library

ITS applications

…and nothing else!

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It opens absolutely new and fresh market for automotive companies

IVI market is full of OEMs and suppliers

IVI is in crisis of ideas

ECU doubts in open source solutions

ECU is complicated and has liability risks

ITS is still new, growing and has a number of opportunities

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Early stage

Investigations

Isolated projects

ITS

Collision prevention

Mass market

2010 2012 2013 2015 2018 2020

Proprietary

Shared

Mixed

Open

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47 Ratakatu53100 Lappeenranta, Finland

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Тel.: +358 46 5662016

E-mail: sales@componentality.com