Component Manual Hydraulics

DSHplus

Copyright 1995-2008 by

FLUIDON Gesellschaft fr Fluidtechnik mbH

Jlicher Strae 336

52070 Aachen

Germany

Tel. +49 (0) 241 - 9 60 92 60

Fax +49 (0) 241 - 9 60 92 62

www.fluidon.com

e-mail [email protected]

No part of the manuals may be reproduced, duplicated or distrib-

uted in any form (printing, photo print etc.) without permission of

the FLUIDON GmbH.

The soft and hardware names mentioned in this manual are in the

most cases registered trademarks and are subject to the legal de-

termination as such ones.

In the course of further development of the software, parts of this

manual can lose their validity.

Introduction

2008 FLUIDON GmbH III

Introduction

The component manual describes the components of the library. In accordance with the

component categories in the library, the manual subdivides itself into several parts:

Component library Hydraulics

Component library Pneumatics

Component library Control,

Component library Mechanics

Component library Thermal Hydraulics

Component library Modules

Component library Miscellaneous

The HYDRAULICs part contains all hydraulic components of the library. This includes pumps

and motors, flow valves, pressure valves, check valves, and directional valves as well as

accumulators and pipes.

The PNEUMATICS part of the library includes many components for pneumatic systems. The

components range from cylinders and resistors to directional valves and sensors.

In the manual part MECHANICS the mechanical components are described. These are the

masses and the spring damper components as well as other mechanical components.

The component library of DSHplus includes analog and digital components for control

tasks that are explained in the chapter CONTROL.

The THERMAL HYDRAULICS part contains thermal hydraulic components of the library. This

includes pumps and motors and directional valves as well as accumulators and pipes.

The component manual should help to select the right component for a model and to pa-

rameterize it. Furthermore, there is information about the kind of modeling of the compo-

nents, e. g. whether they were modeled in accordance with the physical qualities of the

real components or whether only their dynamic characteristics were taken.

The MODULES contains the components for the DSHplus-STC and for the sub model pre-

pare. The part MISCELLANEOUS contains other components to which the nodes in particular

belong.

All components are described according to the same scheme. The following page shows

an example component with which the scheme is explained.

Introduction

IV 2008 FLUIDON GmbH

ComponentName

Symbol of the component

Symbol

Sketch

Drawing of the component

Connectors and Variables

Name Type Unit Description

Hydraulic connector Hydr Unit short description

Hydraulic volume less con-

nector

Hvol Unit short description

Thermal hydraulic connec-

tor

THydr Unit short description

Pneumatic connector Pneu Unit short description

Signal input In short description

Signal output Out short description

Mechanical connector Mech short description

Internal variable V short description

Parameters

Name Value Unit Description

Parameter name Value Unit short description

Notes

Remarks about function and application

Introduction

2008 FLUIDON GmbH V

Comments to the example component:

The component symbol is the symbol with which a component appears in the li-

brary and in the model.

The component with its parameters and its connectors is represented in the com-

ponent drawing according to the following figure:

SignalOutput MechanicConnector SignalInput

HydraulicConnector

Parameter

Pneumatic Connector Thermalhydraulic

Connector

The arrows at the component specify whether the connector is an input, an output

or a mechanical connection. The direction of state variables is defined by a coordi-

nate system.

In the table Connectors and Variables, all connectors and variables of a compo-

nent are listed.

The connectors and variables of a component can be subdivided into different ty-

pes. They are characterized in the column Type in accordance with:

Hydr: hydraulic connector

Pneu: pneumatic connector

Thydr: thermal hydraulic connector

In: input of a signal

Out: output of a signal

Mech: mechanical connector

V: internal variable (state variable)

Units (column Unit) were assigned to the variables. In so far as the customer

does not change the Units, the graphic or numeric edition of the variables occurs

with these Units. The units for the values of the other connectors are listed only

for better understanding.

In the parameter list, all parameters are listed with its Values and Units with

which a component is described.

The Notes give further remarks to the function and the application of the compo-

nent.

The following spelling is used:

COMPONENTNAME

Parameters, Connectors and Variables

Introduction

VI 2008 FLUIDON GmbH

Hydraulics

2008 FLUIDON GmbH 1

Contents

Pumps .................................................................................................................3 Pump................................................................................................................3 VariablePump.....................................................................................................5 PumpRotationalSpeed .........................................................................................7 PumpRotationalSpeedMech..................................................................................9 VariablePumpRotationalSpeed............................................................................ 11 VariablePumpRotationalSpeedMech .................................................................... 13 PressureControlledPump.................................................................................... 15 VariablePressureControlledPump ........................................................................ 17 PumpCharacteristic........................................................................................... 19 VariablePumpCharacteristic ............................................................................... 20 PistonPump ..................................................................................................... 22 VariablePistonPump .......................................................................................... 23

Motors ............................................................................................................... 25 Rotational Motors ............................................................................................. 25 Linear Motors................................................................................................... 36

Directional Valves ............................................................................................... 49 2-x Valves ....................................................................................................... 49 3-x Valves ....................................................................................................... 85 4-x Valves ..................................................................................................... 123 Additional valves ............................................................................................ 175

Resistors.......................................................................................................... 196 Orifice........................................................................................................... 196 OrificeVarCDType1 ......................................................................................... 198 OrificeVarCDType2 ......................................................................................... 200 VariableOrifice ............................................................................................... 203 Nozzle........................................................................................................... 205 VariableNozzle ............................................................................................... 207 MeeteringEdge ............................................................................................... 209 OrificeyACharacteristic .................................................................................... 211 Throttle......................................................................................................... 213 VariableThrottle ............................................................................................. 215 Bore ............................................................................................................. 217 VariableBore .................................................................................................. 219 Gap .............................................................................................................. 221 VariableGap................................................................................................... 223 TechnResistor ................................................................................................ 225 VariableTechResistor....................................................................................... 227 ThrottleCheckValve......................................................................................... 229 ResistorpQCharacteristic ................................................................................. 230 ResistorpQyCharacteristic................................................................................ 232

Flow Valves ...................................................................................................... 234 StaticFlowController........................................................................................ 234 StaticFlowControllerVariable ............................................................................ 236 FlowControllerDownstreamOfCompensator ........................................................ 238 VariableFlowControllerDownstreamOfCompensator ............................................. 241 FlowControllerUpstreamOfCompensator ............................................................ 244 VariableFlowControllerUpstreamOfCompensator ................................................. 247 StaticThreeWayFlowController.......................................................................... 250 StaticThreeWayFlowControllerVariable .............................................................. 252 ThreeWayFlowController.................................................................................. 254 ThreeWayFlowControllerVariable ...................................................................... 257 FlowDivider ................................................................................................... 260

Pressure Valves ................................................................................................ 262

Hydraulics

2 2008 FLUIDON GmbH

PLVstatic ....................................................................................................... 262 AdjustPLVstatic .............................................................................................. 264 PLVdirect....................................................................................................... 266 AdjustPLVdirect .............................................................................................. 268 PLVpiloted ..................................................................................................... 270 PRVstatic....................................................................................................... 274 VariablePRVstatic ........................................................................................... 275 PRVdirect ...................................................................................................... 277 PCVstatic....................................................................................................... 279 ProportionalPressureControlValve ..................................................................... 281

Check Valves .................................................................................................... 283 CheckValve.................................................................................................... 283 CheckValvePT1............................................................................................... 285 CheckValvedirect ............................................................................................ 287 PilotControlledCheckValve ............................................................................... 290 PilotControlledCheckValveDynamic ................................................................... 293 ChangeoverValve............................................................................................ 296

Accumulators.................................................................................................... 297 BladderAccumulator........................................................................................ 297 PistonAccumulator .......................................................................................... 300 PistonAccumulatorPneu ................................................................................... 303 PistonGasAccumulator..................................................................................... 305 DiaphragmSpringAccumulator .......................................................................... 307 AccumulatorpVCharacteristic............................................................................ 308 BladderAccumulatorPneu ................................................................................. 309

Pipes & Reservoirs............................................................................................. 312 Automotive Lines............................................................................................ 312 PipeConcParam .............................................................................................. 359 PipeConcParam5fold ....................................................................................... 361 PipeConcParam10fold...................................................................................... 363 PipeWithFriction ............................................................................................. 366 HoseConcParam ............................................................................................. 368 Reservoir....................................................................................................... 371 PipeDistributedParam...................................................................................... 373 PipeEnd......................................................................................................... 375 PipeEndResistance.......................................................................................... 376 PipeEndQIn.................................................................................................... 378 PipeConnection .............................................................................................. 379 PipeResistance ............................................................................................... 380 Elbow............................................................................................................ 381

Miscellaneous ................................................................................................... 383

Hydraulics

2008 FLUIDON GmbH 3

Hydraulics

Pumps

Pump

Symbol

Sketch

pP

pT

InternalLeakage

ExternalLeakage

ExternalLeakage



pP Hydr bar working pressure

pT Hydr bar reservoir pressure

VolumeFlow Out l/min delivery

Parameters


VolumeFlow 30 l/min flow at no leakage

InternalLeakage 0.01 l/min/bar internal leakage

ExternalLeakage 0 l/min/bar theoretical pump delivery

CavitationPressure -0.5 bar Pressure limit at which cavitation

starts

Notes

The component part PUMP constitutes a model of a flow source in which the delivery is calculated from the given nominal flow and the leakage. The leakage is dependent on the adjacent pressure difference pP - pT.

The VolumeFlow refers to the connection pP.

Hydraulics

4 2008 FLUIDON GmbH

The component part PUMP does not provide a model of the physical design of a pump but only copies its characteristic features. Thus, physical parameters (e.g. inertia moment or hydraulic-mechanical efficiency) are not parameterized.

A model of an invariable flow source is also available as a component part in which the dependency of flow and adjacent pressure difference is described via a characteristic field (PUMPCHARACTERISTICS).

Hydraulics

2008 FLUIDON GmbH 5

VariablePump

Symbol

Sketch

p1

p2

InternalLeakage

Input

ExternalLeakage

ExternalLeakage



p1 Hyd bar pressure 1

p2 Hyd bar pressure 2

VolumeFlow Out l/min Delivery

Input In - signal for the control of the

pump displacement

Parameters


VolumeFlow 30 l/min flow at no leakage and at maxi-

mum displacement



InputMax 1 - standardization parameter for

the input signal

InputMin -1 - standardization parameter for

the input signal

CavitationPressure -0.5 bar Pressure limit at which cavitation

starts

Hydraulics

6 2008 FLUIDON GmbH

Notes

The component part VARIABLEPUMP constitutes a model of a variable flow source, The deliv-ery is calculated from the parameters VolumeFlow, the input signal and the leakage. The leakage is dependent on the adjacent pressure difference pP - pT.

Depending on the direction of the rotation, both p1 and p2 can designate the high pres-sure side of the pump. (Irrespective of the delivery direction) The VolumeFlow on princi-ple refers to the connection p1.

The component part VARIABLEPUMP is no model of the physical design of a pump but only copies its characteristic features. Therefore, physical characteristics (e.g. inertia moment or hydraulic-mechanical efficiency) are not parameterized.

A model of a variable flow source is also available as a component part in which the de-pendency on the VolumeFlow, input signal, and adjacent pressure difference can be de-scribed via a look-up-table (VARIABLEPUMPCHARACTERISTICS).

Hydraulics

2008 FLUIDON GmbH 7

PumpRotationalSpeed

Symbol

Sketch

pP

pT

InternalLeakage

InertiaMomentViscousDamping

RotationalSpeedTorque

DisplacementVolumeEthaHM


+

ExternalLeakage

ExternalLeakage



PP Hydr bar working pressure

PT Hydr bar reservoir pressure

RotationalSpeed In 1/min input of rotational speed


LoadTorque Out Nm required torque of the drive at

given rotational speed

Parameters


DisplacementVolume 32 cm delivery at a rotation of the

pump without leakage

ViscousDamping 1 Nms speed-dependent damping

CavitationPressure -0.5 bar Pressure limit at which cavita-

tion starts



EthaHM 1 - hydro-mechanical efficiency

Hydraulics

8 2008 FLUIDON GmbH


InertiaMoment 0.05 kgm inertia moment of the rotating

parts of the pump

DifferentiationTime 1 ms help parameter for calculation of

the momentum

PrefixMomentum -1 - prefix of output

Notes

The component part PUMPROTATIONALSPEED constitutes a model of a displacement pump in which the RotationalSpeed is predefined and the required Torque of the drive is calcu-lated. Inertia and friction momentum are considered.

The torque is differentiated from the spin equation. This demands the parameter Differen-tiationTime.

By means of the parameter PrefixMomentum the prefix of the Torque can be adjusted according to the requirements for the connection to further component parts.

Depending on the direction of the rotation, both pP and pT can designate the high pres-sure side of the pump. (Irrespective of the delivery direction) The VolumeFlow on princi-ple refers to the connection pP.

A model of a pump with variable angular velocity is also available as a component part in which the connections for the AngularVelocity and the Torque are united in one mechani-cal connection (PUMPROTATIONALSPEEDMECH).

Hydraulics

2008 FLUIDON GmbH 9

PumpRotationalSpeedMech

Symbol

Sketch

pP

pT

InternalLeakage


MechTorque


MechomegaMechM, Torque

+

ExternalLeakage

ExternalLeakage





Mech

Mechomega

MechM

Mech

In

Out

-

deg/s

Nm

mechanical connection

angular velocity

required torque


Parameters


DisplacementVolume 32 cm displacement volume at a rota-

tion without leakage

InertiaMoment 0.05 kgm Inertia moment of working parts

of the pump





tion starts

Hydraulics

10 2008 FLUIDON GmbH



the momentum

PrefixMomentum -1 - prefix for the output of the mo-

mentum

Notes

The component part PUMPROTATIONALSPEEDMECH constitutes a model of a displacement pump in which the RotationalSpeed is predefined and the required Torque of the drive is calculated. Inertia and friction momentum are considered. The connections for the angu-lar velocity (Mechomega) and the output torque (MechM) are united in the mechanical connection Mech.

The Torque is differentiated from the spin equation. This demands the parameter Differ-entiationTime.



A model of a pump with variable angular velocity is also available as a component part in which the connections for the AngularVelocity and the Torque can be connected sepa-rately (PUMPROTATIONALSPEED).

Hydraulics

2008 FLUIDON GmbH 11

VariablePumpRotationalSpeed

Symbol

Sketch

p1

p2

InternalLeakage

Input



EthaHMDisplacementVolume


+ExternalLeakage

ExternalLeakage



p1 Hydr bar pressure 1


RotationalSpeed In 1/min input of rotational speed


pump displacement

LoadTorque Out Nm required torque of the drive at

predefined rotational speed

VolumeFlow V - auxiliary variable

Parameters



tion of the pump without leak-

age

InertiaMoment 0.05 kgm inertia moment of working parts

of the pump



Hydraulics




EthaHM 1 - hydro-mechanical

DifferentiationTime 1 ms auxiliary variable



the input signal


the input signal

CavitationPressure -0.5 Bar Pressure limit at which cavita-

tion starts

Notes

The component part VARIABLEPUMPROTATIONALSPEED constitutes a model of a displacement pump in which the RotationalSpeed is predefined and the required Torque of the drive is calculated. Inertia and friction momentum are considered.


By means of the parameter PrefixMomentum the prefix of the momentum can be adjusted according to the requirements for the connection to further component parts.

Depending on the direction of the rotation, both p1 and p2 can designate the high pres-sure side of then pump. (Irrespective of the delivery direction) The VolumeFlow on princi-ple refers to the connection p1.

A model of a displacement pump with variable angular velocity is also available as a com-ponent part in which the connections for the AngularVelocity and the Torque are united in one mechanical connection (VARIABLEPUMPROTATIONALSPEEDMECH).

Hydraulics


VariablePumpRotationalSpeedMech

Symbol

Sketch

pP

pT

InternalLeakage


MechTorque


MechomegaMechM, Torque

+Input

ExternalLeakage

ExternalLeakage



p1 Hydr bar working pressure

p2 Hydr bar reservoir pressure


pump displacement

Mech

Mechomega

MechM

Mech

In

Out

-

deg/s

Nm


angular velocity

required torque


Parameters



tion of the pump without leak-

age

InertiaMoment 0.05 kgm inertia moment of working parts

of the pump



Hydraulics






the momentum


the input signal


the input signal


tion starts


Notes

The component part VARIABLEPUMPROTATIONALSPEEDMECH constitutes a model of a displace-ment pump in which the RotationalSpeed is predefined and the required Torque of the drive is calculated. Inertia and friction momentum are considered. The connections for the angular velocity (Mechomega) and the output torque (MechM) are united in the mechani-cal connection Mech.




A model of a pump with variable angular velocity is also available as a component part in which the connections for the AngularVelocity and the Torque can be connected sepa-rately (PUMPROTATIONALSPEED).

Hydraulics


PressureControlledPump

Symbol

Sketch

pP

pT

InternalLeakage

1/ControllerResponseTime

-

DefaultPressureExternalLeakage

ExternalLeakage






PMaxVar In kW external maximum pump power

default

Parameters


VolumeFlow 30 l/min delivery at total displacement of

the pump without leakage



ControllerResponseTime 100 ms time constant for the control

system

DefaultPressure 100 bar default pressure of the pump

Adjustmentmin 0 % Minimum pump adjustment

Adjustmentmax 100 % Maximum pump adjustment

Hydraulics




tion starts

PMax 100 kW Maximum power

Notes

The component part PRESSURECONTROLLEDPUMP constitutes a model that represents a pres-sure controlled pump according to its control parameters. The pressure control comes up

to a PT1-controler with a time constant ControllerResponseTime. During the simulation the nominal pressure of the pump stays constant.

(Irrespective of the delivery direction) The VolumeFlow on principle refers to the connec-tion pP.

A model of a pressure controlled pump is also available as a component part in which the nominal pressure is variable during the simulation (VARIABLEPRESSURECONTROLLEDPUMP).

Hydraulics


VariablePressureControlledPump

Symbol

Sketch

pP

pT

InternalLeakage

1/ControllerResponseTime

-

Input DefaultPressure

ExternalLeakage

ExternalLeakage



PP Hydr bar working pressure

PT Hydr bar reservoir pressure

Input In - input signal to adjust the nomi-

nal pressure


PMaxVar In kW external maximum pump power

default

Parameters


VolumeFlow 30 l/min delivery at total displacement of

the pump without leakage

DefaultPressure 100 bar default pressure of the pump



ControllerResponseTime 100 ms time constant for the control

system

Hydraulics



InputMin 0 - standardization parameter for

the input signal


the input signal

Adjustmentmin 0 %

Adjustmentmax 0 %


tion starts

Pmax 100 kW Maximum power

Notes

The component part VARIABLEPRESSURECONTROLLEDPUMP constitutes a model that represents a pressure controlled pump according to its control parameters. The pressure control

comes up to a PT1-controler with a time constant ControllerResponseTime. During the simulation the nominal pressure of the pump stays constant.


Hydraulics


PumpCharacteristic

Symbol

Sketch

pP

pT

VolumeFlow CharacteristicQdepP

Factor






Parameters


CharacteristicQdepP - - look-up-table, which describes

the flow in dependence on the

pressure difference

Factor 1 - factor to squeeze or stretch the

look-up-table

Notes

The component part PUMPCHARACTERISTICS constitutes a model that represents a flow source which describes the flow in dependence on the applied pressure differenc pP - pT via a look-up-table.

VolumeFlow = Factor f CharacteristicQdepP (pP - pT)


The look-up-table can be compressed and/or stretched via the parameter Factor. In case the pressure difference is more than- or falls below the range of the look-up-table, it is calculated with the respective boundary value the look-up-table.

A model of an unchangeable pump is also available as a component, with that the flow is computed from a defaulted VolumeFlow and the leakage. (Pump).

Hydraulics


VariablePumpCharacteristic

Symbol

Sketch

p1

p2

Input

VolumeFlow CharacteristicQdepPdepXFactor





Input In - signal to control the pump dis-

placement


Parameters


CharacteristicQdepPdepX - - look-up-table, which describes

the flow in dependence on the

pressure difference

Factor 1 - factor to squeeze or stretch the

look-up-table

Notes

The component part PUMPCHARACTERISTICS constitutes a model that represents a flow source which describes the flow in dependence on the applied pressure differenc pP - pT and an input signal (Input) via the two dimensional look-up-table CHAR-ACTERISTICQDEPPDEPX.

VolumeFlow = Factor f CHARACTERISTICQDEPPDEPX (p1 - p2, Input)

The pressure difference p1 - p2 is defined as Input 1 and Input as Input 2 of the look-up-table.

Hydraulics


Depending on the direction of the rotation, both p1 and p2 can designate the high pres-sure side of the pump. (Irrespective of the delivery direction) The VolumeFlow on princi-ple refers to the connection p1.

The look-up-table can be compressed and/or stretched via the parameter Factor. In case the pressure difference is more than- or falls below the range of the look-up-table, it is calculated with the respective boundary value the look-up-table.

Hydraulics


PistonPump

Symbol

Sketch

pP

pT

InternalLeakage

ExternalLeakage

ExternalLeakage

DisplacementVolumeNoOfPistonsCavitationPressurePhi





Flow Out l/min delivery

Speed Out 1/min specified speed

Parameters


DisplacementVolume 10 cm Displacement volume

NoOfPistons 1 1 Number of pistons

InternalLeakage 0.001 l/min/bar Internel leakage of the pump

ExternalLeakage 0 l/min/bar Extenal leakage of the pump


tion starts

Phi 0 deg Angle of the pistons

Notes

The component PISTONPUMP constitutes a model that represents a flow source which de-scribes the flow in dependence on the applied pressure differenc pP - pT and an input Speed.

Hydraulics


VariablePistonPump

Symbol

Sketch

pP

pT

InternalLeakage

ExternalLeakage

ExternalLeakage

DisplacementVolumeNoOfPistonsInputMaxInputMinCavitationPressurePhi





Input In - signal to control the pump dis-

placement

Flow Out l/min delivery

Speed Out 1/min Specified speed

Parameters


DisplacementVolume 10 cm Displacement volume

NoOfPistons 1 1 Number of pistons

InputMax 1 1 Standard maximum value of the

Input signal

InputMin -1 1 Standard minimum value of the

Input signal

InternalLeakage 0.001 l/min/bar Internal leakage in the pump

ExternalLeakage 0 l/min/bar External leakage in the pump


tion starts

Phi 0 deg Angle of the pistons

Hydraulics


Notes

The component VARIABLEPISTONPUMP is a model of an variable pump with different volume flow pulsation, which depends on the number of pistons, revolution and the input signal.

For the Volumeflow:

Input = 0 -> Volumeflow = 0

Input = 1 -> Volumeflow = Qmax

Input = 0 < n < 1 -> Volumeflow = 0 < Q < Qmax

Hydraulics


Motors

Rotational Motors

HydroMotor

Symbol

Sketch

p2

p1

InternalLeakage

InertiaMoment

ViscousDamping

LoadTorqueRotationalSpeedAngularVelocityAngleMech

LoadTorque, MechMRotationalSpeed, Mechomega,AngularVelocity, Angle,Mechphi

+

DisplacementVolume

ExternalLeakage

ExternalLeakage





Mech

MechM

Mechphi

Mechomega

Mech

In

Out

Out

-

Nm

deg

deg/s

mechanical connector

torque at the motor

angle

angular velocity

LoadTorque In Nm torque at the motor

RotationalSpeed Out 1/min rotational speed of the motor

Angle Out deg Angle of the motor

VolumeFlow Out l/min flow at connector p1

AngleDot Out rad/s Angular velocity of the motor

Hydraulics


Parameters


DisplacementVolume 50 cm displacement volume of the mo-

tor

InertiaMoment 1 kgm inertia momentum of working

parts of the motor

ViscousDamping 1 Nms velocity depending damping


ExternalLeakage 0 l/min/bar external leakage

Notes

The component HYDROMOTOR is the model of a hydraulic constant motor.

Depending on the sense of rotation, both p1 and p2 can designate the high pressure side of the motor. If p1 > p2 a positive sense of rotation results. If LoadTorque > 0 a positive acceleration results.

Volumeflow refers (independent of the sense of rotation) fundamentally to the connector p1.

At the mechanical connector Mech of the HYDROMOTOR the angle of the motor (Mechphi), the rotational speed (Mechomega) and the load torque (MechM) are summarized.

Hydraulics


HydroTwinMotor

Symbol

Sketch

p1

InertiaMoment 1 +InertiaMoment 2ViscousDamping 1 +ViscousDamping 2

LoadTorqueRotationalSpeedAngleMech

LoadTorque, MechMRotationalSpeed, MechomegaAngle, Mechphi

+

DisplacementVolume 2

p3

p4

Internal-Leakage1

Internal-Leakage2

External-Leakage1

External-Leakage2

External-Leakage1

External-Leakage2p2

DisplacementVolume1

1 2







Mech

MechM

Mechphi

Mechomega

Mech

In

Out

Out

-

Nm

deg

deg/s


torque at the motor

angle

angular velocity



Angle Out deg angle of the motors

Volumenflow1 Out l/min flow at connector p1

Volumenflow2 Out l/min flow at connector p3

AngleDot Out rad/s Angular velocity of the motor

Hydraulics



MotorTorque1 Out Nm torque of the motor 1

MotorTorque2 Out Nm torque of the motor 2

Parameters


DisplacementVolume1 50 cm displacement volume of the mo-

tor (motor 1)

DisplacementVolume2 50 cm displacement volume of the mo-

tor (motor 2)

InertiaMoment1 1 kgm inertia momentum of working

parts of the motor 1

InertiaMoment2 1 kgm inertia momentum of working

parts of the motor 2

ViscousDumping1 1 Nms velocity depending damping

(motor 1)

ViscousDumping2 1 Nms velocity depending damping

(motor 2)

InternalLeakage1 0.001 l/min/bar internal leakage (motor 1)

InternalLeakage2 0.001 l/min/bar internal leakage (motor 2)

ExternalLeakage1 0 l/min/bar external leakage (motor 1)

ExternalLeakage2 0 l/min/bar external leakage (motor 2)

Notes

The component HYDROTWINMOTOR is the model of two hydraulic constant motors that are assembled on one shaft. In addition, a hydraulic transformer can be realized with the component.

Depending on the sense of rotation, both p1 and p3 and p2 and p4 can designate the high pressure side of the motor. If p1 > p2 or p3 > p4 a positive sense of rotation results. If LoadTorque > 0 a positive acceleration results.

Volumeflow1 refers (independent of the sense of rotation) fundamentally to the connector p1, the Volumeflow2 on p3.

At the connectors MotorTorque1 and MotorTorque2, the torque transferred effectively by the motors can be obtained.

At the mechanical connector Mech of the HYDROTWINMOTOR the angle of the motor (Mech-phi), the rotational speed (Mechomega) and the load torque (MechM) are summarized.

Hydraulics


HydroVariableMotor

Symbol

Sketch

p2

p1

InternalLeakage

InertiaMoment

ViscousDamping

LoadTorqueRotationalSpeedAngularVelocityAngleMech

LoadTorque, MechMRotationalMoment, MechomegaAngularVelocity,Angle, Mechphi

+

DisplacementVolume

InputExternalLeakage

ExternalLeakage





Mech

MechM

Mechphi

Mechomega

Mech

In

Out

Out

-

Nm

deg

deg/s


torque at the motor

angle

angular velocity


Input In - input signal for the displacement

of the motor



Angle Out deg angle of the motors

AngleDot Out Rad/S Angular velocity of the motor

Hydraulics


Parameters



tor

InertiaMoment 1 kgm inertia momentum of working

parts of the motor

ViscousDamping 1 Nms velocity depending damping




the input signal


the input signal

Notes

The component HYDROVARIABLEMOTOR is the model of a hydraulic motor with a variable displacement.



At the mechanical connector Mech of the HYDROMOTOR the angle of the motor (Mechphi), the rotational speed (Mechomega) and the load torque (MechM) are summarized.

Hydraulics


HydroMotorWithFriction

Symbol

Sketch

p2

p1

InternalLeakage

InertiaMoment

LoadTorqueRotationalSpeedAngularSpeedAngleMech

LoadTorque, MechMRotationalSpeed, Mechomega,AngularVelocity,Angle, Mechphi

+

DisplacementVolume

BreakawayFrictionTorqueMixedFrictionTorqueRotationalSpeedMixedFrictionViscousDampingRotationalSpeed

ExternalLeakage

ExternalLeakage



p1 Hydr Bar pressure 1


Mech

MechM

Mechphi

Mechomega

Mech

In

Out

Out

-

Nm

deg

deg/s


torque at the motor

angle

angular velocity



Angle Out deg Angle of the motor

AngularVelocity Out deg/min angular velocity of the motor


Hydraulics


Parameters



tor

BreakawayFrictionTorque 10 Nm characteristic for Stribeck curve

MixedFrictionTorque 1 Nm characteristic for Stribeck curve

RotSpeedMixedFriction 1 1/min characteristic for Stribeck curve

ViscousDampingRotSpeed 1 Nms characteristic for Stribeck curve

Inertia 0.05 kgm inertia momentum of working

parts of the motor



Notes

The component HYDROMOTORWITHFRICTION is the model of a hydraulic constant motor. Within this model the velocity depending friction is modeled, too.

The friction is modeled in accordance to the Stribeck curve. The parameters Breakaway-FrictionTorque, MixedFrictionTorque, RotationalSpeedMixedFriction and ViscousDampin-gRotationalSpeed represents the characteristic values shown in the figure. The friction is independent on the pressure.

BreakawayFrictionTorque

MixedFrictionTorque

RotationalSpeedMixedFriction

ViscousDampingRotationalSpeed

RotationalSpeed

FrictionTorque



At the mechanical connector Mech of the HYDROMOTORWITHFRICTION the angle of the motor (Mechphi), the rotational speed (Mechomega) and the load torque (MechM) are summa-rized.

Hydraulics


SwivelDrive

Symbol

Sketch

Axial-Diameter

Fla

nkD

iam

ete

rMaxim

um-

Swivelrange

MassinertiaTorque

Frictionfactor_Axialstrip

ExterneLeckage

BrakeawaytoPerLength_LeverMixedfrictiontoPerLength_LeverMeafrictiontoPerLength_LeverMixedfrictionomegaMeasuringfrictionomega

AngleMin

0

Angle

max

Angle

Frictionfactor_Flankseal

InternalLeakage

p1

p2

Angle, MechphiAngleVelocity, MechomegaAngleAccelerationLoadTorque, MechM

++++



p1 Hydr Bar pressure 1


Mech

MechM

Mechphi

Mechomega

Mech

In

Out

Out

-

Nm

deg

deg/s


torque at the motor

angle

angular velocity

VolumeFlow1 Out l/min flow at connector p1

Hydraulics



VolumefFlow2 Out l/min flow at connector p2

AngularAcceleration Out deg/min angular acceleration of the mo-

tor

AngularVelocity Out deg/min angular velocity of the motor

Angle Out deg Angular displacement of the mo-

tor


Parameters


AxialDiameter 24 mm Diameter of the swivel axis

FlankDiameter 50 mm Diameter of the pump

FlankLength 20 mm Length of the Vane

MaximumSwivelrange 180 deg Swivel range of the Pump

AngleMin 0 deg Minimum angle

AngleMax 180 deg Maximum Angle

MassinertiaTorque 1.0E-4 Kgm Mass Inertia torque of the Pump

BrakeawaytoPer-

Length_Lever

0 Nm/mm Characteristic value of Stribeck

curve

MixedfrictiontoPer-

Length_Lever


curve

MeafrictiontoPer-

Length_Lever


curve

Mixedfrictionomega 0.000

1

deg/s Characteristic value of Stribeck

curve

Measuringfrictionomega 0.000

2

deg/s Characteristic value of Stribeck

curve

Frictionfactor_Flankseal 0.5 1/bar Pressure dependent friction fac-

tor of the Flankseal

AvailableAxialsealing 0

Frictionfactor_Axialstrip 0.5 1/bar Pressure dependent friction fac-

tor of the axial strip

ExternalLeakage1 0 l/min/bar External pressure dependent

Leakage

ExternalLeakage2 0 l/min/bar External pressure dependent

Leakage

InternalLeakage 0 l/min/bar Internal pressure dependent

Leakage

Hydraulics


Notes

The component SWIVELDRIVE is a modell of an Hydraulic swivel motor in which the fric-tional torque of the vane anf Axial Seal has been calculated using the stribeck friction curve.

The component has been constructed based on the Swivel drive where by the characteris-tic values have been parameterized.

The parameter maximum swivelling range specifies the greatest possible angle of rotation of the vane drive. Over Anglemin and Anglemax notices can be stopped in this range, whereby angle min and angle max must be positive. Angle min is > 0 and angle max < maximum swivelling range remains to dead volumes in the chambers, if the wing drives into one of the notices.

In the Stribeck curves, over which the friction moments of the wing and Axial seals to be determined are calculated over the length of the seals and on the associated lever arms by the application of Angularvelocity. The seal between Vane and housing, which seals, and separates the two chambers of the vane drive at the axle, and the sealing which seals between axle and housings, which avoid a fluid leakage from the engine,should be taken care of. If the parameter Available Axial sealing is set to zero, the friction moment of the axial sealings is neglected.

The Stribeck curves are produced for mixing friction omega and measuring friction omega for a difference of pressure by 0 bar from the characteristic values

The pressure dependence of the friction moments is calculated over the parameter factors (FricitonFactor_FlankSeal and/or FrictionFactor_AxialSeal):

FrictionmomentPressuredifference 0 =

= FrictionmomentPressuredifference = 0 (1 + |Pressuredifference| Factor)

In the following picture the Stribeck curve is represented:

BrakeawayMoProLength_Lever

MixedfrictiontoPerLength_Lever

Mixedfrictionomega Angularvelocity

Frictionmoment per SealLength

Measuringfrictionomega

MeafrictiontoPerLength_Lever

Pressuredifference = 0 bar

PressuredifferenceFrictionFactor_AxialSealFricitonFactor_FlankSeal

In the mechanical connection Mech of the component, the angle, the angular velocity, and the Load torque has been represnted.

Hydraulics


Linear Motors

Cylinder

Symbol

Sketch

InternalLeakage

ExternalLeakage1ExternalLeakage2

BreakawayFrictionForceMixedFrictionforce

SpeddMixedFrictionViscousDamping

FrictionCharacteristic

p1 p2

Load

RodDiameter1

PistonDiameter

RodDiameter2

SpringStiffness1SpringLength1

SpringStiffness2SpringLength2

Orientation

Stroke, Mechx,Velocity, Mechv,Acceleration,Load, MechF

strokemin strokemax0

VelocityStrokeMechAcceleration

Mass





Load In N force at the piston

Mech

MechF

Mechx

Mechv

Mech

In

Out

Out

-

N

mm

m/s


force at the piston

stroke of the piston

velocity of the piston

MechPipe

MechF

Mechx

Mechv

Mech

Out

In

In

-

N

Mm

m/s


inner force at the cylinder-

pipe

Stroke of the cylinder pipe

Velocity of the cylinder pipe

Acceleration Out m/s2 acceleration of the piston

Hydraulics



Velocity V m/s velocity of the piston

Stroke Out mm stroke of the piston

Parameters


PistonDiameter 100 mm diameter of the piston

RodDiameter1 50 mm diameter of rod 1


Mass 10 kg mass of pistons and piston rods

Orientation 0 deg angle between the movement

plane and the horizontal plane


ExternalLeakage1 0 l/min/bar theoretical piston delivery at

piston rod 1


piston rod 2

BreakawayFrictionForce 100 N characteristic for Stribeck curve

MixedFrictionForce 10 N characteristic for Stribeck curve

SpeedMixedFriction 0.1 m/s characteristic for Stribeck curve

ViscousDamping 10 Ns/m characteristic for Stribeck curve

FrictionCharacteristic - - one dimensional look-up table

for the velocity dependant fric-

tion description

strokemax 100 mm maximum stroke of the piston in

positive direction

strokemin -100 mm maximum stroke of the piston in

negative direction

SpringStiffness1 0 N/mm stiffness of spring 1

SpringLength1 0 mm active length of spring 1



FluidMassConsideration 0 - consideration of fluid mass in

the dynamic system calculation

(1=on ; 0=off)

Notes

The component CYLINDER is the model of a synchronizing or differential cylinder which has two hydraulic ports. If a differential cylinder is required, one rod diameter (RodDiameter1 or RodDiameter2) must only be parameterized with zero. In this case, the external leak-age (ExternalLeakage1 or ExternalLeakage2) is automatically set to zero for this cylinder side. The symbol for the cylinder can be a synchronizing or a differential cylinder.

Hydraulics


The friction force is computed in accordance to the Stribeck curve. The parameters BreakawayFrictionForce, MixedFrictionForce, SpeedMixedFriction, and the ViscousDamping represents the characteristic values shown in the figure. The friction is not influenced by the inclination of the movement plane and it is independent on the pressure.

Acceleration

FrictionBreakawayFrictionForce

MixedFrictionForce

SpeedMixedFriction

ViscousDamping

The friction force is also definable with a look-up table FFriction(v). The friction is also defin-able with a look-up table (Ffriction(v). If a table is selected it will be used, if not, the normal parameters for the friction description are used. The look-up table is defined in one quar-ter only for positive velocity include 0. The component calculates with the absolute value. The mechanical connector Mech transmits the variables MechF as well as stroke Mechx and velocity Mechv summarized.

Accompiend by the mechanical connector MechPipe the cylinder is supported against the environment. Because of the massless cylinderpipe in the modell , an external mass has to be connected. This external mass again has to be supported with a spring surrendered against the environment.

With the Orientation, the movement plane can be sloped in any angle to the horizontal. The resulting force due to gravity is considered automatically.

The parameter SpringLength represents the active length of a spring, that is the overall length minus the inactive length. The following figure shows the diagram of a cylinder in which the inactive lengths of the springs are also drawn in:

inactiveSpringLength

activeSpringLength

activeSpringLength



strokemin strokemax

stroke

The overall length of the spring is measured in the non-artesian state. It is possible that the active spring length (SpringLength1 or SpringLength2) is larger than the stroke of the piston (strokemax - strokemin). In this case the springs have a permanent pre-tension. Otherwise, the springs are not continually in contact with the piston.

With the help of the parameter FluidMassConsideration the influence of the fluid mass on the system behaviour could be taken into consideration. The weight force as well as the mass inertia of the relevant part of fluid, depending on cylinder orientation and piston position, are intergrated into the system calculation.

Hydraulics


Cylinder4Areas

Symbol

Sketch

InternalLeakage1to2

ExternalLeakage1 ExternalLeakage4

BreakawayFrictionForceSpeedMixedFriction

MixedFrictionViscousDamping

p1 p3

Load

RodDiameter1

PistonDiameter

RodDiameter4SpringStiffness1

SpringLength1SpringStiffness4SpringLength4

p4p2

InternalLeakage2to3InternalLeakage3to4RodDiameter3RodDiameter2

Stroke,VelocityAcceleration


Orientation

StrokeVelocityAcceleration

Mass







Mech

MechF

Mechx

Mechv

Mech

In

Out

Out

-

N

Mm

m/s


force at the piston




Acceleration Out m/s2 acceleration of the piston

Velocity Out m/s velocity of the piston


Hydraulics


Parameters








positive direction


negative direction








ExternalLeakage1 0 l/min/bar external leakage at rod 1


InternalLeakage1to2 0.001 l/min/bar internal leakage between cham-

ber 1 and chamber 2


ber 2 and chamber 3


ber 3 and chamber 4





Notes

The component CYLINDER4AREAS is the model of a synchronizing or differential cylinder which has four hydraulic ports.


Hydraulics


Acceleration


MixedFrictionForce

SpeedMixedFriction

ViscousDamping




activeSpringLength

activeSpringLength



strokemin strokemax

stroke


Hydraulics


CylinderVInlet

Symbol

Sketch

InternalLeakage

ExternalLeakage1 ExternalLeakage2

p1 p2

VelocityRodDiameter1

PistonDiameter


SpringLength1 SpringStiffness2SpringLength2

StrokeVelocityForce


Orientation

StrokeForce





Velocity In m/s velocity of the piston


Force Out N Force that the cylinder gener-

ates

Parameters








Hydraulics




positive direction


negative direction





Notes

The component CYLINDERVINLET is the model of a synchronizing or differential cylinder which has two hydraulic ports. The velocity of the piston is an input value, the force, that the cylinder generates, is an output value.

If a differential cylinder is required, one rod diameter (RodDiameter1 or RodDiameter2) must only be parameterized with zero. In this case, the external leakage (ExternalLeak-age1 or ExternalLeakage2) is automatically set to zero for this cylinder side. The symbol for the cylinder can be a synchronizing or a differential cylinder.

The friction force has to be modeled in the connected system (internal or external).




activeSpringLength

activeSpringLength



strokemin strokemax

stroke


Hydraulics


CylinderXVInlet

Symbol

Sketch

InternalLeakage

ExternalLeakage1ExternalLeakage2

p1 p2

VelocityStroke

PistonDiameter


SpringLength1 SpringStiffness2SpringLength2

stroke,StrokeVelocityForce


Force

RodDiameter1



p1 Hydr bar Pressure 1


Velocity In m/s velocity of the piston

Stroke In mm stroke of the piston

Force Out N Force that the cylinder gener-

ates

Parameters





InternalLeakage 100 N internal leakage

Hydraulics



ExternalLeakage1 0.001 l/min/bar external leakage at rod 1



positive direction


negative direction





Notes

The component CYLINDERXVINLET is the model of a synchronizing or differential cylinder which has two hydraulic ports. The velocity and the stroke of the piston are an input value, the force, that the cylinder generates, is an output value.

If a differential cylinder is required, one rod diameter (RodDiameter1 or RodDiameter2) must only be parameterized with zero. In this case, the external leakage (ExternalLeak-age1 or ExternalLeakage2) is automatically set to zero for this cylinder side. The symbol for the cylinder can be a synchronizing or a differential cylinder.

The friction force has to be modeled in the connected system (internal or external).




activeSpringLength

activeSpringLength



strokemin strokemax

stroke


Hydraulics


CylinderAreaCharacteristic

Symbol

Sketch

InterneLekage

ExterneLekage1 ExterneLekage2

BreakawayfrictioforceSpeedMixedFriction

MischReibungViscousDamping

p1 p2

Last

CharacteristicPistonArea

CharacteristicSpring1 CharacteristicSpring2

stroke, StrokeVelocityAcceleration


Orientation

MechPipeVelocityStrokeMechAcceleration






Mech

MechF

Mechx

Mechv

Mech

In

Out

Out

-

N

mm

m/s


force at the piston



Hydraulics



MechPipe

MechF

Mechx

Mechv

Mech

Out

In

In

-

N

mm

m/s


inner force at the cylinder-

pipe

Stroke of the cylinderpipe

Velocity of the cylinderpipe

Acceleration Out m/s2 Acceleration of the piston

velocity V m/s velocity of the piston

stroke V mm stroke of the piston


Chambervolume1 Out - Actual volume of cylinderroom1

Chambervolume2 Out - Actual volume of cylinderroom2

Parameters


VolumeResolution 1 Mm diameter of the piston

strokemax 100 Mm maximum stroke of the piston in

positive direction


negative direction






piston rod 1


piston rod 2





CharacteristicPistonArea -1. characteristic of the stroke de-

pendent piston area

CharacteristicSpring1 stroke dependent spring force in

room 1

CharacteristicSpring2 -1. stroke dependent spring force in

room 2

Hydraulics


Notes

The component CYLINDERAREACHARACTERISTIC is the model of a synchronizing cylinder which has two hydraulic ports. The variable piston area realizes arbitrary cylinder geometries, like f.e. gum/resin coatings/coverings/films.

The area of the piston is defined in dependence to stroke through the characteristic Char-acteristicPistonArea and the characteristic has to be between the value strokemin and strokemax.

To increase the calculation velocity the stroke dependent volume of both cylinder rooms is calculated by simulation and selected/chosen at the running time. The parameter VolumeResolution defines with which stroke dependent resolution the volume values are calculated.


Velocity


MixedFrictionForce

SpeedMixedFriction

ViscousDamping


Springs are possibly deserted to each cylinder room in kind of a stroke dependent spring force characteristic(parameters CharacteristicSpring 1 and CharacteristicSpring 2). So even non linear spring force progressions like f.e. gum/resin coatings/coverings/films can be mapped comfortable/easy.

In the mechanical connector Mech of the component the stroke of the cylinders (Mechx), the velocity (Mechv) and the load (MechF) are sumarized.

Accompiend by the mechanical connector MechPipe the cylinder is supported against the environment. Because of the massless cylinderpipe in the modell , an external mass has to be connected. This external mass again has to be supported with a spring surrendered against the environment.

If the cylinder is in an inclinate position the Orientation serves to consider the massforce.

Hydraulics


Directional Valves

2-x Valves

SwitchingValve22

Symbol

Sketch

pP

pAVolumeFlowPressureDifference

Input

Overlap

Stroke

Strokemin0Strokemax



pP Hydr bar supply pressure

pA Hydr bar working pressure

Input In - input signal for the spool stroke

Stroke Out mm spool stroke

VolumeFlow Out l/min flow through the valve

Parameters


VolumeFlow 30 l/min flow through one metering edge

at PressureDifference

PressureDifference 35 bar see above

Strokemax 1 mm maximum spool stroke for a

positive stroke

Strokemin 0 mm maximum spool stroke for a

negative stroke

SwitchingTimeOpen 3 ms time for opening motion

Hydraulics



SwitchingTimeClose 3 ms time for closing motion

SwitchingThreshold 0 - Value of the input signal to open

the valve

Overlap 0 % relative overlap of the metering

edge

Notes

The component SWITCHINGVALVE22 is a model of a 2-way switching valve at which the flow characteristic is parameterized over the parameters VolumeFlow, PressureDifference and Overlap.

The following rule is effective:

Overlap < 0: valve opened in resting position Overlap = 0: valve just closed in resting position Overlap > 0: valve closed in resting position

For Input > 0 the valve switches in positive direction up to Stroke = Strokemax, for Input 0 the valve switches in negative direction up to Stroke = Strokemin. The opening of the valve lasts always SwitchingTimeOpen, the closing always SwitchingTimeClose.

The component SWITCHINGVALVE22 does not represent a physical model of the valve but only its characteristic properties. Therefore the physical properties (e. g. mass of the spool, stiffness of the spring) are not parameterized.

In addition, a model of this 2-way switching valve is also available as a component, at which the flow characteristic is parameterized with a look-up table (SWITCHING-VALVE22CHARACTERISTICS).

Hydraulics


SwitchingValve22NO

Symbol

Sketch

pP


Input

Overlap

Stroke

Strokemin0Strokemax







VolumeFlow Out l/min flow through the valve

Parameters






positive stroke


negative stroke



Hydraulics




the valve


edge

Notes

The component SWITCHINGVALVE22NO is a model of a 2-way switching valve at which the flow characteristic is parameterized over the parameters VolumeFlow, PressureDifference and Overlap. The valve is normally open.




The component SWITCHINGVALVE22NO does not represent a physical model of the valve but only its characteristic properties. Therefore the physical properties (e. g. mass of the spool, stiffness of the spring) are not parameterized.

In addition, a model of this 2-way switching valve is also available as a component, at which the valve is normally closed (SWITCHINGVALVE22) and at which the flow characteristic is parameterized with a look-up table (SWITCHINGVALVE22CHARACTERISTICS).

Hydraulics


SwitchingValve22Characteristics

Symbol

Sketch

pP

pA

Input

CharacteristicEdgePAOverlapStrokePA

AlphaDPA

Stroke

Strokemin0Strokemax







VolumeFlow Out l/min volume flow

Parameters



positive stroke

Strokemin 0 mm maximum spool stroke for a na-

gative stroke




the valve

CharacteristicEdgePA - - look-up table for the cross-

section area of the valve

Hydraulics



OverlapStrokePA 0 mm complete overlap for the meter-

ing edge

AlphaDPA 0.6 - flow coefficient for the edge

from P to A

TDifference 0 K Difference between local and

system temperature

Notes

The component SWITCHINGVALVE22CHARACTERISTICS is a model of a 2-way switching valve. The flow characteristic is parameterized over a look-up table that defines the cross-section area in dependence of the stroke.

For the look-up table, it is assumed that a positive Stroke opens the metering edge. The look-up table is displaced with the OverlapStroke of the metering edge to different start-ing points (see figure).

It applies:

OverlapStroke < 0: valve opened in resting position OverlapStroke = 0: valve just closed in resting position OverlapStroke > 0: valve closed in resting position

cross-section-

area

0 Strokemax StrokenegativeOverlapStroke

positiveOverlapStroke

A1

If the look-up table is defined in the range Stroke = 0..Strokemax the cross-section area does not exceed A1 in case of a negative overlap. If the look-up table is defined beyond Strokemax the cross-section area follows the look-up table.


The component SWITCHINGVALVE22CHARACTERISTICS does not represent a physical model of the valve but only its characteristic properties. Therefore the physical properties (e. g. mass of the spool, stiffness of the spring) are not parameterized.

In addition, a model of this 2-way switching valve is also available as a component, at which the flow characteristic is determined by the parameters VolumeFlow and Pres-sureDifference (SWITCHINGVALVE22).

Hydraulics


ServoValve22P

Symbol

Sketch

pP


Overlap

Input

1/InputMax

StrokeVelocity

Strokemin0Strokemax








Parameters






positive stroke


negative stroke

InputMax 1 - standardization parameters for

the input signal


edge

Hydraulics


Notes

The component SERVOVALVE22P is a model of a 2-way proportional valve at which the stroke is proportional to the input signal. The flow characteristic is parameterized over the parameters VolumeFlow, PressureDifference and Overlap.



The component SERVOVALVE22P does not represent a physical model of the valve but only its characteristic properties. Therefore the physical properties (e. g. mass of the spool, stiffness of the spring) are not parameterized.

In addition, a model of this 2-way proportional valve is also available as a component, at which the flow characteristic is parameterized with a look-up table (SER-VOVALVE22PCHARACTERISTICS).

Hydraulics


ServoValve22PCharacteristics

Symbol

Sketch

pP

pA

CharacteristicEdgePAOverlapStrokePA

AlphaDPA

Stroke

Strokemin0Strokemax

Input

1/InputMax








Parameters



positive stroke


negative stroke

InputMax 1 - standardization parameters for

the input signal

CharacteristicEdgePA - - look-up table for the cross-

section area of the valve

OverlapStrokePA 0 mm complete overlap of the meter-

ing edge

Hydraulics



AlphaDPA 0.6 - flow coefficient for the edge

from P to A

TDifference 0 K Difference between local and

system temperature

Notes

The component SERVOVALVE22PCHARACTERISTICS is a model of a 2-way proportional valve at which the stroke is proportional to the input signal. The flow characteristic is parameter-ized over a look-up table that defines the cross-section area in dependence of the stroke.

For the look-up table, it is assumed that a positive Stroke opens the metering edge. The look-up table is displaced with the OverlapStroke of the metering edge to different start-ing points (see figure).

It applies:

OverlapStroke < 0: valve opened in resting position OverlapStroke = 0: valve just closed in resting position OverlapStroke > 0: valve closed in resting position

cross-section-

area

0 Strokemax StrokenegativeOverlapStroke

positiveOverlapStroke

A1

If the look-up table is defined in the range Stroke = 0..Strokemax the cross-section area does not exceed A1 in case of a negative overlap. If the look-up table is defined beyond Strokemax the cross-section area follows the look-up table.

The component SERVOVALVE22PCHARACTERISTICS does not represent a physical model of the valve but only its characteristic properties. Therefore the physical properties (e. g. mass of the spool, stiffness of the spring) are not parameterized.

In addition, a model of this 2-way proportional valve is also available as a component, at which the flow characteristic is determined by the parameters VolumeFlow and Pres-sureDifference (SERVOVALVE22P).

Hydraulics


ServoValve22PT1

Symbol

Sketch

pP


Overlap

Input

1/InputMaxTime constant

StrokeStrokemin0Strokemax








Parameters





T 50 ms time constant true for:

xE n < xE n+1

TDecreasing 0 ms time constant true for:

xE n > xE n+1


positive stroke

Hydraulics

60 2008 FLUID

Component Manual Hydraulics

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