Complete Issue 6(4)

Speaker & GavelVolume 6Issue 4 May 1969 Article 1

Complete Issue 6(4)

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speakeR An6 gavel

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volume 6, numBep 4 ITlAy, 1969

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et al.: Complete Issue 6(4)

Published by Cornerstone: A Collection of Scholarly and Creative Works for Minnesota State University, Mankato,

SPEAKER and GAVELOfficial publication of Delto Sigmo Rho-Tou Kappa Alpha

Notionol Honorory Forensic Society

PUBLISHED AT LAWRENCE, KANSASBy ALLEN PRESS, INC.

Second-class postage paid at Lawrence, Kansos, U.S.A. 66044Issued in November, Jonuary, March and May. The Journal carries no paid advertising.

TO SPONSORS AND MEMBERS

Pleose send oil communications relating The names of new members, those electedto initiation, certificates of membership, key between September of one year and Septem-orders, and names of members to the ber of the following yeor, appeor inNotional Secretary. All requests for ^ the November issue of SPEAKER andauthority to initiate and for emblems GAVEL, According to present regula-should be sent to the Notionol Secre- TUT tions of the society, new members re-tary ond should be occomponied by ceive SPEAKER and GAVEL for twocheck or money order. Inasmuch as years following their initiation if theyall checks and money orders are for- ^ return the record form supplied themwarded by the Secretary to the Na- htoe their application is optional Treasurer, pleose moke them to; proved by the Executive Secretary and"The Treasurer of Delta Sigma Rho- certified to the sponsor. FollowingTau Kappa Alpha." || this time all members who wish to

The membership fee is $10.00. UJI receive SPEAKER and GAVEL mayThe official key of lOK (size shown subscribe ot the following rates:in cut on this page) is $6.00, or the $2.00 per year for the standard sub-officiol keypin of lOK is $7.00. Cut dio- scription; $5.00 per yeor for those who wishmond in key is $7 additional. Prices include to sustoin the work of SPEAKER and GAVEL;Federal To*. Individual key orders add 50c. ond $25.00 for a lifetime subscription.

NATIONAL OFFICERS

President: LEROY T. LAASE, University of NebraskaVice President: JAMES H. McBATH, University of Southern CaliforniaSecretary: NICHOLAS M. CRIPE, Butler UniversityTreasurer: KENNETH G. HANCE, Michigan State UniversityTrustee: E. C. BUEHLER, University of KansasHistorian: HEROLD T. ROSS, DePauw University

REGIONAL GOVERNORS, MEMBERS AT LARGE, AND REPRESENTATIVES

Regional Governors: JOHN A. LYNCH, St. Anselm's College; RAYMOND BEARD, StoteUniversity of New York at Cortlond; GEORGE F. HENIGAN, George Washington University; JOSEPH C. WEATHERBY, Duke University; THEODORE J. WALWIK, IndianaStote University; REX WIER, University of Texas; MELVIN MOORHOUSE, WichitaStote University; BERNARD L. BROCK, University of Minnesota; GEORGE ADAMSON,University of Utah; ROBERT GRIFFIN, University of Nevoda.

Members at Lorge: WAYNE C. EUBANK, University of New Mexico; ANNABEL HAGOOD,University of Aloboma; MELVIN MOORHOUSE, Wichita State University.

ACHS Representative: H. L. EWBANK, JR., Purdue University.Representative on SAA Committee on Intercollegiote Debate and Discussion: AUSTIN J.

FREELEY, John Carroll University.

EDITORIAL STAFF

Editor: ROBERT 0. WEISS, DePouw University, Greencastle, Indiana 46135.

Associate Editors: BERNARD BROCK, University of Minnesoto; JOE ESTEP, University ofAlabomo; ROBERT L. SCOTT, University of Minnesota.

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Speaker & Gavel, Vol. 6, Iss. 4 [], Art. 1

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Speaker and Gavel

Volume 6 May, 1969 Number 4

Report of the National Conference Committee—Austin J. Freeley 110

Speaker of the Year and Distinguished Alumni Citations Ill

News imoM the National Contebence

Two-Wan Deliate Results 124

P'our-Wan Debate Results 127

Persuasive Speaking Results 131Extemporaneous Speaking Results 132

Results of the Student Congress . 134

The President's Page—Leroy T. Laasc 145

Minutes of the National Council 146

CuRBENT Criticism:

Dispositio in the Rhetoric of a Fonuer Debater: George Corley Wallace—L. Dean Fadely — — _ 150

Richard M. Nixon's Inaugural Address: A Critical Moment in History?—Bernard L. Brock _ _ . 154

Dean Rusk; A Dialogue at Indiana University—Uvieja Good 158

Chapters and Sponsors — _ - _ 164

THE SEVENTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE

of

DELTA SIGMA RHO-TAU KAPPA ALPHA

Will be held at

The University of Alabamaon

March 25-28, 1970

Plan now to attend

The National Conference Committee is seeking a Centrallocation for the I97I Conference and a Western location for the

1972 Conference. Chapters interested in serving as hosts shouldsubmit their bids to the Committee as soon as possible.

Austin J. Freeley, John Carroll University, ChairmanGeorge A. Adumson, University of UtahKenneth E. Andersen, University of MichiganGeorge F. Henigan, George Washington UniversityDonald O. Olson, University of Nebraska, ex officio

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110 SPEAKER AND GAVEL

REPORT OF THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE COMMITTEE

by

Austin J. Freelev, Chairvuin

The Sixth National Conference of Delta Sigma Rho-Tau Kappa Alphawas held at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, Nebraska on April 6-9,1969. Tbee hundred ninety-eight delegates from 74 chapter.s participatedin the Conference. The mild Nebraska spring weather, the excellent facilitiesof the University and the highly professional operations of the TournamentStaff all contributed to make this one of our most pleasant and educationallyprofitable Conferences.

Although as the following pages indicate most of the tune was spent onthe main husuies-s of the Conference, provision was made for social events.The Students' Social Hour—promptly dubbed "Olson's Extravaganza" wasa great success while the Faculty Reception at the University Club provideda welcome change of pace in an impressive setting.At the Conference Banquet citations were presented honoring outstanding

speakers both on the national scene and from among our alumni. The entireproceedings were videotaped and will be seen later on ETV in Nebraskaand may be made available for broadcast elsewhere.The National Conference Committee wishes to record its thanks to Dr.

Donald O. Olson of the University of Nebraska for his outstanding servicesas Tournament Director and to Dr. Leroy T. Laase of the University ofNebraska who gave generously of his time and energies in the planning andpreparation of the Conference.As \vith this Conference I conclude my term of office as Chairman, I hope

I may be pennitted to add a personal word of thanks and appreciation tothe members of the National Conference Committee, the Tournament Staffsand the Tournament Directors who have .served with me during the lastthree years. Their thoughtful planning in policy making and their expertisein the execution of operations have made the job a pleasure.The results of the Conference events and the citations presented during

the Conference appear in these pages. These reports were prepared bythe Chairmen and Co-Chairmeii of the Tournament Staff Committees andby the Chainnen of the Speaker of the Year and the Alumni Awards Committees.

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SPEAKER AND GAVEL in

SPEAKER OF THE YEAR: EDMUND S. MUSKIE

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EDMUND S. MUSKIE

The Speaker of the Year Board of Delta Sigma R)io-lau Kappa Alphais pleased to announce that the winner of the award for 1968 is EdmundMuskie of Maine. Senator Muskie is in the tradition of other outstandingAmerican leaders who have received the honor since Delta Sigma Rho-TauKappa Alpha initiated the awards in 1949. Among those who have beennamed in recent years are John F. Kennedy, Henry Cabot Lodge, LeroyCollins, J. William Fulbright, Edw-ard Brooke, and Eric Sevareid. Thesespeakers, demonstrating justice and courage, have fulfilled the hope expressed by the late Richard Weaver when he said tJiat "rhetoric at itstniest .seeks to perfect men by showing them better versions of themselves. . . ."

Senator Muskie was bom in Maine in 1914. As a student at Bates Collegehe achieved distinction as a scholar and member of the intercollegiatedebating team. Shortly after his election to Phi Beta Kappa in 19.36, hisclassmates selected him as the most likely member of the college to succeedin public life. Subsequent events proved the accuracy of this prediction.He graduated cum laude from Cornell University Law School in 1939. Afterserving as an Engineering and Deck Officer in the United States Navyduring World War 11 lie returned to civilian life and was soon elected to theMaine House of Representatives and to the position of Minority leader.In 1954 he became the first Democratic governor of Maine in two decades.Four years later his remarkable rise as a political leader led him to the UnitedStates Congress as the first popularly elected Democratic Senator in thehistorv of Maine.

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During his tenure in the Senate, Edmund Muskie has consistently scornedthe role of demagogue and abrasive partisan, and tlie easy temptation tomake a visible issue his own. Instead he has sought to probe deeply in suchspecialized areas as air and water pollution, and intergoveramental andurban affairs. Largely through his significant contributions in these fields,he became the Vice Presidential candidate of his party in 1968.

Perhaps more than most of his contemporaries Senator Muskie personifiesthe compelling need for trust and rational discourse in a troubled world.In his simple but eloquent Acceptance Address in Chicago, he said: "Tomake a society such as ours work is not easy. It means living with, understanding, and respecting our differences as human beings—different colors,different races, different national backgrounds, different cultural levels,different tastes and intellectual capacities, different educational attainments,and different .social backgrounds, personalities and dispositions—and toaccept each other as ecjuals. It means learning to trust each other, to workwith each other, to think of each other as neighbors." These noble sentimentswere to become the hallmark of his brilliant campaigir. Repeatedly heargued that the major issue in the presidential contest was bust. Nor washe unwilling to apply this principle to his own rhetorical pracbce. When heinvited a heckling student to come to the rostrum in Washington, Pennsylvania he not only demonstrated magnanimity and finesse in meeting anemotional and disruptive challenge but silenced those who held that politicalleaders representing the establishment were incapable of communicatingwith contemporary youth.

Senator Muskie's commitment to trust is matched by a similar devotionto reasoned discourse. In a speech delivered at La Salle College on March7, 1969 he, like Plato, described the power of dialectic as a means ofpersuading men to make rational choices in their quest for truth. "Communication," he said, "is a two-way dialogue. It demands a willingness tolisten as well as to speak, to leam as well as to teach, and to appreciatethe sensitivities and convictions of others as well as our own. . . . Only bydialogue can issues be exposed and goals defined—free of passion andintolerance which hinder rational and conslnictive decisions." With sucha philosophy Edmund Muskie has not set for himself the god of producinggalvanic emotional responses from his audience. Ratlier he seems contentto develop a message-centered rhetoric designed to stimulate the cognitivebehavior of man. Such an analytical and logical approach to problems,he freely admits, found its inspiration in the teachings of his former debatecoach Brooks Quimby.The American people have responded warmly to Edmund Muskie's sbess

on trust and rational discourse. Here are representative titles of articleswhich appeared in the New York Times, the Washington Post, and theBoston Globe during Campaign '68:

"Edmund Sixtus Muskie Takes the Low Key Road.""When Muskie Starts to Talk, the Students Begin to Listen—Intently.""Muskie Adds a Glow."

"The Impressive Mr. Muskie.""Abe Lincoln Quality Seen as Muskie Campaign Surges.""When in Doubt, Vote for Muskie!"

The public, in short, has applauded Edmund Muskie for his gallant attemptto bring trust, dignity, and intellectuality to a political platform which alltoo often has been marred by demagoguery, evasiveness, and excessive

6



SPEAKER AND GAVEL

emotion. The members of the Speaker of the Year Board salute him becausehe has consistently spoken with intelligence, responsibilit)', and effectivenesson \otal isstics of the day.

Citation Presented byJames L. GoldenLincoln, NebraskaApril 8, 1969

RESPONSE FROM SENATOR MUSKIE

TELEGRAM

DR LEROY LAASE, CHAIRMAN DEFT OF SPEECH,UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA, LINCOLN, NEBR.

I AM GRATEFUL FOR TTIE HONOR THAT DELTA SIGMA RHO-TAUKAPPA ALPHA IS PAYING ME TONIGHT: AND I REGRET THAT IAM UNABLE TO PERSONALLY ACCEPT YOUR AWARD. I AMPLEASED THAT MY GOOD FRIEND FRANK MORRISON HASAGREED TO STAND IN FOR ME. LOOKING RACK. I BELIEVETHAT THE TRAINING IN SPEECH AND DEB.ATE I RECEIVEDFROM BROOKS QUIMBY AT BATES COLLEGE GAVE ME THECONFIDENCE WHICH ENABLED ME TO GO INTO PUBLIC LIFE.THE OLDER I BECOME, THE MORE I APPRECIATE THE VALUEOF THAT TRAINING. AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ABILITYTO COMMl'NICATE IN THE DAILY LI\'ES OF ALL OF US. THOSEOF YOU WHOSE CAREERS ARE GIVING OTHER YOUNG PEOPLETHE TRAININC; WHICH I HAVE FOUND SO \'ALUABLE PLAYINCREASINGLY IMPORTANT ROLES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OFOUR BUSINESS. PROFESSIONAL AND CIVIC LEADERS OF THEFUTURE. I WISH YOU CONTINUED SUCCESS, AND I WANT TOTHANK YOU AGAIN FOR THE RECOGNITION YOU HA\^E PAIDME TONIGHT.

EDMUND S MUSKIE UNITED STATES SENATOR

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M SPEAKER AND GAVEL

SPECIAL AWARDS

MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., AND ROBERT F. KENNEDY

The Speaker of the Year Board of Delta Sigma Rho-Taii Kappa Alphais proud to present posthumous awards in honor of Martin Luther King, Jr.and Senator Robert F. Kennedy. The legacy which these leaders left tomankind will serve as an inspiration for generations to come. To a worldfilled with cynicism and fear they gave a new meaning for the cardinalvirtues of courage, wisdom, justice, and eloquence. Disturbed by society'sfailure to provide equal rights to all men, they set for themselves the taskof eliminating the debilitating attitudes of "futility," "expediency," "timidity,"and comfort. This commitment led them to a rhetoric of hope built uponthe premise that enlightened men can through a disciplined mind and usefuleffort see better versions of themselves.At a time when forlorn hope dampened the spirits of those in the ghettoes

and in rural slum dwellings, Martin Luther King taught us to dreiun thatsome day liberty, justice, and economic security would prevail throughoutthe world. Robert Kennedy in his quest for human rigiits summoned us tojoin the "battle for the future," for "justice," and "for the individuality ofall. Senator Edmund Muskie caught the essence of these men when hesaid: . . . both asked more of this nation than the country, at the time,seemed ready to give; both summoned us to respond to a vision of a morecompassionate and jicst nation, knowing full well that reality would neverquite catch up with their dreams,"As we pay tribute to Martin Luther King and Robert Kennedy we arc

haunted by the fact that they were cut down by an assassin's bullets a fewshort years after they had passed the half way mark in life. Yet if we studytheir words and their actions we .see that tlie worth of a man's contributionto .societx' is not measured in years of service but in quality of performance.With a humane philosophy and courage as their weapons they challengedlife rather than accept its imperfections. In doing .so they provided for usa remarkable model of intelligence, responsibility, and effectiveness.

Citation presented byJames L. GoldenLincoln, NebraskaApril 8, 1969

8



SPEAKER AND GAVEL 115


DISTINGUISHED ALUMNI AWARD

\

LEROY T. LAASE

Himself a son of the Nebraska plains, Leroy T. Laase became a pioneerin speech education in bis home state. Debate and oratory consumed muchof bis time at Doane College and two years after receiving bis undergraduatedegree be took an M.A. in speech from Northwestern University. He soonwon wide acclaim as an able teacher and triumphant director of forensicsat Hastings College. He completed a Ph.D. at the University of Iowa in1937 with special emphasis upon voice science and public address. Hisprofessorial, forensic, and academic achievements led him face to face withthe opportunity and challenge to build a speech department in a majormid-westem university. For three decades Dr. Laase stood out as the chiefarchitect of the Department of Speech and Dramatic Art at the Universityof Nebraska. He changed and broadened a department of elocution toone involving balanced programs in Speech Communication, Theatre Arts,and Speech Pathology and Audiology. He inaugurated a program thatgrew in breadth and depth to cover the needs from undergraduate speechmajors to the prescribed offerings required for granting the Ph.D. degree.He served as director of forensics from 1940—1945 and has been chaptersponsor and/or national officer in a forensic honor society for the past 29years. He also has served his profession well as president of the NebraskaState Speech Association and the Central States Speech Association.Here indeed is testimony to one man's faith and vision, dogged persistence

and administrative leadership. It is appropriate that he be honored in hisown habitat. It is proper and fitting that we honor the man who so ablyserved this society as its president during the past three years.

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RICHARD G. LUGAR

Civic and philanlhropical leader, Rhodes scholar, metropolitan mayor,dynamic and articulate speaker, he has effectively utilized the art of extemporaneous speaking for the bettennent of his liome community, state,and nation. Since his inauguration as Mayor of Indianapolis, Indiana, hehas been making approximately 1,000 speeches and appearances each year.His succes.s—in developing "Upswing '68," a city-wide program stressingthe need for personal invoKement by citizens to help solve city problems;in reducing unemployment and promoting job training; and in pre.servingcalm in Indianapolis during the tense days following the Martin LutherKing assassination—indicates clearly the value of his speech and debatetraining at Denison University, wliich he serves today as one of its youngestTrustees. His imaginative and effectively executed programs to attack urbatiproblems have received national attention. It is appropriate that DeltaSigma Rho-Tau Kappa Alpha honors him as a Distinguished Alumnus—one who daily exemplifies the ideals of this fraternitv.

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HEROLD TRUSLOW ROSS

When Delta Sigma Rho-Tau Kappa Alpha emerged as one unified collegehonor society in forensics in August of 1963, Herold Truslow Ross couldjustly he proud of his part in the achievement of that goal. For five yearshe was President of Delta Sigma Rho during the most crucial stages of themerger discussions, and his wise judgment and noteworthy integrity werevalued by all.During his career, the speech profession has benefited from his sound

scholarship, the DePauw University community from his leadership, andhis many friends from his wisdom and wit. To this society he continuesto devote creative energies without reserve.

Delta Sigma Rho-Tau Kappa Alpha is proud to present the DistinguishedAlumnus Award to its National Historian, a man with more than 50 yearsof dedicated membership and leadership, Herold Truslow Ross.

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' J i

DONALD MACK EASTON

Donald Muck Easton dedicated his full and productive life to thoseconcepts and values that dignified and enriched the lives of his fellowmeneverywhere. As an in.spirational teacher and able .scholar he served andchallenged students both on the campus and in the adult world. As a Deanand the President of the National University Extension A.ssociation, he lefta significant mark upon the philosoplu' and programs of public service inAmerican higher education. As a professional leader and public servant hecontributed to the nation's civil defense program as Dean of its Staff College.His influence is reflected in legislation creating the State Technical Ser\'icesAct. The youth of the country are the continuing beneficiaries of his leadership in establishing the National Office of Discussion and Debate. Hishumility, sincerity and ability exalted him among his peers throughout thenation.

As the University of Colorado has honored him in life with both theSteams Award for his national leadership in adult education and his 33 yearsof service as a faculty member, and the Thomas Jefferson Award in recognition of his many contributions "through personal influence, teaching, writing,and scholarship," so we honor ourselves by honoring Donald Mack Eastonposthumou.sly as a Distinguished Alumnus of DSR-TKA.

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I.

STUDENT SPEAKER OF THE YEAR

Donald Olson, University of Nebraska, Tournament DirectorLeroy T. Lease, University of Nebrasko, National PresidentRoger Chard, Michigan State University, Student Speoker of the YearAustin Freeley, John Corroll University, National Conference Committee Chairman

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STUDENT COUNCIL OFFICERS FOR 1969-1970

Robert Tropp, Texas Technological College, Immediote Post PresidentCharles Humphries, Michigan State University, PresidentJames Swartz, George Washington University, 1st Vice President (Chairman of

Student Speaker of the Year Committee)Don Cage, Texas Technological College, 2nd Vice President (Associate Editor

Speaker and Govef)Linda Duff, University of Kentucky, Secretory (not in picture)

13




FINALS OF TWQ.MAN DEBATE

Left of lectern: University of OregonGory RobertsJohn Eods

Center: Austin Freeley, National Conference Committee CheirmonRight of lectern; University of Kentucky

Chris PerryJohn Nelson

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d/r/

SUPERIORS IN STUDENT CONGRESS

Robert Tropp, Texos Technologicol CollegeJomes Swortz, George Washington UniversityDon Mortin, Memphis State UniversityKenneth Andersen, University of Michigon, Choirmon for Student Congress hold

ing trophy of Don Coffin, DePouw University

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SUPERIORS IN EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEAKING

John Ends, University of Oregon

Clem John, University of WyomingSteve Remsberg, George Washington UniversitySteve Ybarra, Whittier CollegeRichard Whitman, University of Nebraska, Co-Chairman for Extemporaneous

Speaking

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SUPERIORS IN PERSUASIVE SPEAKING

Charles Todd, Wobash CollegeLarry Driver, Western Michigan UniversityFrank Greco, Wayne State UniversitySteve Ybarra, Whittier CollegeKenneth Baker, University of Nebraska, Co-Chairman far Persuasive Speaking

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FOUR-MAN DEBATE—3rd PLACE—UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

Harold Lowson, Chairman, Four-Man DebateKing Schofield

Rene Air!

Pot Goner

Dennis Winston

L.lFOUR-MAN DEBATE—2nd PLACE—MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY

Harold Lowson, Chairman, Four-Man DeboteRichard Foster

David Case

Roger Chard

Charles Humphries (Not pictured)

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FOUR-MAN DEBATE—1st PLACE—OHIO STATE UNIVERSITYMike SprouleBetty MothisCarl KleinDean ConleyHarold Lawsan, Coach

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TWO-MAN DEBATE—1st PLACE—UNIVERSITY OF OREGONAnnabel Hogood, Chairman, Two-Man Debate, University of AlabamaGory RobertsJohn EodsScott Nobles, Coach

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TWO-MAN DEBATE RESULTS

PRELIMINARY ROUNDS

TEAM I II III IV V VI TOTAL

California State at

Long Beach L W W W W W 5-1 277

Sharon Weese 17 19 24 23 28 26 137

Kathy Ross 16 17 24 26 30 27 140

California (Santa Barbara) W W I. W W L 4-2 297

Byron King 23 28 21 24 26 25 147

Roy Brisbois 23 28 26 25 24 24 150

University of New Mexico W W W L W L 4-2 237

Walter Melenclres 21 23 20 16 19 20 119

Nick Noeding 24 23 21 15 16 19 118

Texas Technological College W W L L L W 3-3 283

Tom Walsh 24 30 18 25 25 22 144

Dax'id Bawcom 26 27 19 22 24 21 139

University of Nevada L W W W W W 5-1 273

Lon Creen 20 25 19 25 24 21 134

Michael Staiio 21 25 20 24 27 22 139

Ball State L^niversity W L L W L W .3-3 255

James Keating 26 24 17 27 19 21 134

Peter Miller 24 21 17 22 17 20 121

Indiana University W W L L L W 3-3 265

Charles Rcafsnyder 22 25 24 19 20 24 134

James Fisher 22 23 24 22 19 21 131

Indiana Stale University W W W L W L 4-2 271

Dave Campbell 20 22 23 19 26 23 1.33

Riiss Criiiulen 19 23 24 20 28 24 138

Butler Lliiiversity W W W W W W 6-0 317

Cheryn Heineu 28 24 25 23 22 29 151

Carl Flaningam 30 27 29 25 25 30 166

Notre Dame L W L L L L 1-5 227

Richard Urda 17 17 17 18 19 21 109

Dennis Walsh 19 18 17 22 19 23 118

Southwest Missouri W L W L L L 2-4 253

David Dunlap 27 22 16 12 25 20 122

Terry Winebrenner 27 23 24 15 22 20 131

University of Motitana L L L W L L 1-5 228

Mike Iliggins 21 18 19 21 15 17 111

Allen Sehesledt 22 18 21 20 18 18 117

University of Oregon W W W W W W fi-0 326

Gary Roberts 29 30 26 27 26 27 165

John Eads 26 30 26 28 25 26 161

Washington Stale University W L L L L W 2-4 258

Linda Johnson 19 25 21 20 22 18 125

J. R. demons 25 25 22 21 20 20 133

University of Wyoming W W W W W W 6-0 313

Mike Shoiimakcr 23 24 29 26 25 28 155

Clem John 25 23 28 27 27 28 158

LTniversity of Denver W W W W W W &-0 285

Paul Freeman 21 19 18 28 30 26 142

Paul Madden 23 18 19 27 30 26 143

University of Colorado L L L W W L 2-4 266

Dan' O'Neill 24 20 21 18 16 25 124

Nancy Rcichs 23 22 24 23 23 27 142

18




TWO-MAN DEBATE RESULTS (Continued)

TEAM I 11 III IV V VI TOTAL

University of Kentucky W W W W L W 5-1 280

Chris Perry 24 24 21 22 21 26 138

John Nelson 26 24 23 20 22 27 142

Louisiana State University W L W W L W 4-2 273

Burgess Jackson 22 18 23 22 23 27 135

Rohert McConnell 24 16 23 24 24 27 138

University Southern California L W W W L L 3-3 297

J. R. Stein 2-5 25 29 21 28 20 148

Bill Anderson 26 28 29 23 26 18 149

Dartmouth College L W L W W L 3-3 268

James Bays 20 30 29 22 14 19 134

Vincent Ferraro 20 30 27 24 13 20 134

Eastern Kentucky L L L L L L 0-6 185

Robert Warfield 12 18 12 16 13 19 90

Steve Stanley 12 18 14 18 13 20 95

Wichita State L W W W W L 4-2 266

Wanda Craham 24 23 25 27 21 15 135Ranney Ramsey 20 24 23 27 22 15 131

University of Iowa L L L W L W 2-4 285

Steve Koch 24 26 22 24 19 26 141

Randy Mott 24 27 27 20 21 25 144

Iowa State University W L L L L W 2-4 262

Judee Stringer 17 24 18 23 23 25 130

Velma Wenzlaff 24 24 18 20 23 23 132

University of Kansas W L W W W W 5-1 298

Robert McCulIoh 25 23 24 25 25 26 148

David Jeans 27 18 26 24 27 28 150University of Nebraska L L L W W W 3-3 258

Ken Wald 22 16 20 22 22 20 122

Dave Erbach 24 17 22 27 20 26 136

University ofNorthern Iowa L L L L W W 2-4 273

Leola Loots 21 24 22 20 25 25 137Jim Gashel 22 24 22 18 24 26 136

Brooklyn College L L L L L W 1-5 206

David Seligman 17 16 9 15 11 18 86

Rudolph DeMeo 20 17 19 21 21 22 120

St. Anselm's College L L W W W W 4-2 316Robert Rinaldo 30 27 29 23 20 30 159Kent Moors 27 29 30 22 21 28 157

University of Vermont W L W L W L 3-3 260

Ed Burrington 18 23 25 18 25 22 131

Rick Raum 20 22 24 20 20 23 129

SUNY-Binghamton L L L L L L 0-6 176

Shelly Siegel 10 8 18 18 20 14 88

Steve Owen 11 8 17 17 15 20 88

St. John's University W W W L L W 4-2 279

James Bradley 28 23 23 19 20 24 137Kevin McMullen 25 25 25 20 21 26 142

Weber State L L L L L L 0-6 233

Karen Bailey 18 21 20 19 17 21 116

Carolyn Young 21 20 20 18 18 20 117

Hiram College L L W L L L 1-5 219

Ken Moore 24 21 20 13 20 20 118

Louise Howells 18 18 17 12 19 17 101

19




TWO-AAAN DEBATE RESULTS (Continued)

TEAM 1 II III IV V VI TOTAL

Mankato State L L L L w L 1-5 252

Bob Buchanan 22 24 15 17 23 16 117

Linda Glaser 24 27 19 20 26 19 135

Muskingum College L L L L L L 0-6 205

H. T. Halverson 19 16 19 19 20 6 99Dennis Berkey 23 17 20 18 20 8 106

College of Wooster W W W L w W 5-1 289

Melinda Pierce 27 24 23 26 21 27 148

John Rubens 24 23 23 25 22 24 141

University of Minnesota L W W L W L 3-3 273

Marcy Secretan 22 21 24 20 19 24 130

Ron Wallace 20 22 30 24 20 27 143

University of North Dakota L L L L W L 1-5 256

Rirsty Drugan 18 28 24 18 20 22 130

Chuck LaGrave 19 29 17 17 20 24 126

Wayne State University W W L W L L .3-3 274

Frank Greco 24 24 20 20 16 23 127

Diane Soubly 28 27 29 14 24 25 147

University of Wisconsin W L W W W W 5-1 258

Jerry Gilbert 20 19 20 24 20 22 125

Mike Laskis 20 24 21 24 22 22 133

Wisconsin-Milwaukee L L L L L L 0-6 225

Sandy Strehlow 21 21 24 19 21 17 123

Kathy Burke 16 16 15 22 21 12 102

Michigan State University W W L W L W 4-2 282

Teresa Sullivan 18 24 22 30 20 22 136

Sallie Birket 20 27 26 30 17 26 146

Albion College L W W W L L 3-3 294

Bob Carnage 26 27 25 25 27 19 149

John McKendery 25 30 22 23 25 20 145

University of South Dakota W W W L W L 4-2 272

Torn Johnson 17 24 22 22 29 20 1.34

James Winckler 23 26 20 25 28 16 138

CERTIFICATES OF ACHIEVEMENT

Carl FlaninKam, Butler UniversityGary Roberts. University of OregonJohn Eacls, University of OregonRobert Rinaldo, St. Anselni's CollegeCleni John, University of WyomingKent Moore, St. Anselm's CollegeMike Shoumakcr, University of WyomingCheryn Hcinen, Butler University

Octafinal Round

Oregon defeated South Dakota 3-()Woostcr <lefeated St. Anselm's 3-0

C;il. Long Beach defeated Nevada 3-0Denver defeated Michigan State .3-0St, John's defeated Wyoming 2-1Cal. Santa Barbara defeated Kansas U. 2-1Kentucky defeated Wisconsin U. 2-1Butler defeatetl L, S. U. 3-0

20




Quarterfinal Round

Oregon defeated Wooster 2-1Denver defeated Cal. Long Beach 3-0St. John's defeated Cal. Santa Barbara 2-1Kentucky defeated Butler 2—1

Semifinal Round

Oregon defeated Denver 2-1Kentucky defeated St. John's 2-1

Final Round

Oregon defeated Kentucky 4-1

RESULTS OF FOUR-AAAN DEBATE

School Rd. 1 Rd. 2 Rd. 3 Rd. 4 Rd. 5 Rd. 6 Rd. 7 Rd. 8 Pts. Total

Alabama, aff. W L L W L W L W

Callahan 26 23 24 22 19 22 22 29 187

Peeks 25 25 25 24 20 20 23 28 190 11-5

Alabama, neg. W W W L W W W W 761

Windom 27 25 21 19 23 23 20 27 185

Conditt 29 24 22 24 25 29 19 27 199

American, aff. L L L L L L W L

Mitchell 17 13 15 21 18 19 27 11 141

Schwartz 17 14 17 21 20 18 28 11 146 4-12

American, neg. L L L L L W W W 575

Schiszik 19 19 24 19 11 24 19 20 155

Webb 18 17 14 16 10 24 17 17 133

Auburn, aff. L L W L L L W W

Bruggink 14 24 27 26 10 27 25 25 178

Fisher 18 29 28 28 11 28 27 26 195 9-7

Auburn, neg. L L W W W W W W 732

Page 18 16 26 21 23 25 21 28 178

Culpepper 17 15 26 22 22 24 26 29 181

Ball State, aff. L W W W W L W W

Charles 21 20 29 30 24 20 25 22 191

Hines 22 19 26 29 24 19 28 21 178 10-6

Ball State, neg. L W W L W W L L 699

Lakes 23 26 23 20 17 22 11 21 163

Russell 22 24 22 25 19 24 15 16 167

Bridgeport, aff. W W L L L W L L

Stokes 24 20 18 21 17 22 22 22 166

Detzky 24 24 18 15 15 17 22 19 154 4-12

Bridgeport, neg. L L L L W L L L 644

Farber 14 20 16 19 18 26 14 18 145

Aydelotte 16 23 19 28 27 26 21 19 179

Colorado Col., aff. W L L L W L L L

Livedalen 24 18 20 27 19 12 18 18 156

Moon 26 18 22 27 21 13 28 20 165 7-9

Colorado Col., neg. L W W W L W L W 663

Hyde 18 23 21 19 18 24 20 28 171

Sulzenfuss 19 22 20 18 18 24 22 28 171

Creighton, aff. W W L L L L L L

LaPuzza 22 23 25 17 18 21 20 25 171

Stewart 23 17 22 18 18 22 21 25 166 7-9

21




RESULTS OF FOUR-MAN DEBATE (Continued)

SchiKil Rtl. 1 Rd. 2 Rd. 3 Rd, 4 Rd. 5 Rd.6 Rd. 7 Rd, 8 Ptj. Total

Creijihton, neg. W W W L W L L 678

Feikema 21 22 15 25 18 27 22 16 166Bertrand 29 23 17 25 IS 28 20 15 175

Denver, aff. W L W W W W W W

Robertson 21 20 30 22 25 23 21 29 191Bank 22 19 30 23 23 23 21 28 189 11-5

Denver, neg. L L W L W W L 756Sullivan 16 22 28 24 27 29 27 21 194Catseos 18 21 27 22 20 25 27 22 182

George Washington, aff, L ■w W W W L L LWarner 16 23 20 27 28 22 29 14 179Johnson 19 24 24 26 25 19 29 15 181 9-7

C. Washington, ncg. W L W L L W W 731Mason 16 21 .30 24 24 21 25 21 182Reinsberg 17 20 30 25 2-1 21 25 27 189

Indiana State, aff. L L W W L L \\" LRoloff 18 21 21 22 20 26 23 18 169Duffy 17 20 20 21 20 19 28 18 163 9-7

Indiana State, neg. L W W ^\' W L W W 674Rusk 21 24 17 29 29 28 21 22 171Greenwood 19 24 18 27 19 17 26 21 171

Iowa State, aff. W W L W W L. L WEdwards 23 24 16 20 21 22 22 20 168Sernett 24 24 19 18 22 23 22 17 169 12-4

Iowa State, neg. 1. W W W W \A' W W 721Julius 24 24 27 23 22 22 29 25 196Cook 20 25 25 20 20 24 29 25 188

Iowa, aff. W W I. L W W WJolinson 21 24 27 20 16 23 26 27 184Ilaincr 24 25 26 22 17 24 29 28 195 11-5

Iowa, neg. L W W L W L W W 684Edwards 23 22 24 10 22 20 26 18 165Reals 18 18 20 9 21 13 23 18 140

John Carroll, aff. W L W I. L L L ^VThojnas 23 22 21 25 20 15 22 18 166Lipps 22 22 23 26 24 15 19 22 173 5-11

John Carroll, neg. L W L W L L L L 633Kessling 14 20 19 26 25 9 16 14 143Staib 22 20 23 22 26 10 14 14 151

Kansas, aff. L W W W W L LBeck 12 28 25 28 23 22 23 24 185Prentice 11 27 26 27 25 21 22 24 183 10-6

Kansas, neg. W I. L W W W L W 723Culhan 24 25 20 25 24 25 15 21 179Meredith 27 24 20 27 20 20 16 22 176

Michigan State, aff. W W W W L W W WFo.ster 25 28 29 29 27 28 30 23 219Humphries 28 29 30 26 28 28 29 21 219 13-3

Michigan State, neg. W \V W W L W L W 837Chard 29 27 24 24 23 28 23 24 202 SecondCase 23 25 25 23 23 24 24 24 191

Minnesota, aff. W W W L W L L LKleven 16 18 20 18 20 18 20 23 153Page 20 22 23 18 18 17 18 24 160 10-6

22





School Rd. 1 Rd. 2 Rd. 3 Rd. 4 Rd. 5 Rd. 6 Rd. 7 Rd. 8 Pts. Total

Minnesota, nag. W w L W W W W L 687Wagner ,17 20 22 26 .28 19 23 24 179

Cambronne 24 21 18 27 30 24 22 29 195Montana, aff. L L L L L L L L

Sullivan 20 21 8 22 21 15 17 18 142Rowberry 19 19 10 19 23 15 15 15 135 1-15

Montana, neg. L L L L W L L L 565Jenkins 20 19 15 20 18 20 17 17 147Wilson 16 19 14 18 19 20 19 15 141

Murray State, aff. L L L L L L L W

Fadler 20 15 17 16 27 15 13 20 143Warman 20 16 16 17 27 14 12 21 143 5-11

Murray State, neg. W L W W W L L L 581Harvey 11 15 23 18 7 19 15 19 127Duncan 21 19 29 20 12 24 23 20 168

Nebraska, aff. W W L L L L W L

Domina 25 28 21 23 18 18 25 16 174Houchin 26 26 21 21 18 21 24 18 175 7-9

Nebraska, neg. L W W W L W L L 724Sorensen 26 22 18 23 23 20 23 26 181Dean . 27 27 18 24 25 22 23 28 194

Ohio State, aff. W W W L W W L W

Mathis 20 20 19 18 23 24 20 25 169

Sproule 23 25 21 20 24 22 25 26 186 14-2Ohio State, neg. W W W W W W W W 753

Klein 20 28 27 28 25 21 27 23 199 FirstConley 20 28 26 27 24 21 28 25 199

Purdue, aff. L W W L L W L WKrembs 26 24 25 21 19 21 20 17 173

Gerber 27 24 26 22 21 20 18 17 175 6-10Purdue, neg. L W L L W L L L 681

Lake, D. 20 22 16 20 26 25 21 23 173Lake, B. 14 24 15 18 25 24 16 24 160

Rhode Island, aff. L L W W L L W LDefee 13 18 24 25 21 26 28 23 172Quinn 15 18 21 28 19 23 25 24 173 7-9

Rhode Island, neg. W W L L W L W L 715O'Malley 15 21 25 29 27 19 24 25 185Buffum 16 18 25 28 25 21 20 26 179

South Dakota, aff. L L L L L L L L

Bacon 14 23 19 20 18 18 24 16 152

Ryken 13 23 18 19 20 18 24 18 153 1-15

South Dakota, neg. L L L L L W L L 619Hensley 24 16 18 24 20 25 16 18 161

Bauman 21 17 18 22 21 20 15 17 153

Southern Cab, aff. W W W W W L W W

Winston 26 25 20 30 28 22 24 27 202

Schofield 28 26 21 28 29 23 24 29 208 12-4

Southern Gal., neg. L W L W W W L W 809

Aiu 14 28 16 29 28 28 25 23 191 ThirdGaner 19 28 21 29 27 30 27 27 208

Southwest Mo., aff. L W W L L L L L

Sherrill 21 20 14 16 24 23 24 26 168

Sweeney 18 21 18 20 24 22 25 25 173 8-8

Southwest Mo., neg. W L W L W W W W 702

23





Schoi)! Rd. 1 Rd. 2 Rd. 3 Rd. 4 Rd. 5 Rd. 6 Rd. 7 Rd. 8 Pis. Total

Stage 23 24 23 19 22 21 24 26 183

Anderson 22 24 21 21 24 17 24 25 178SUNY-AJbany, aff. L L L L L L L L

Rawson 10 20 23 17 0 20 22 10 119

Cervone 11 20 21 17 0 20 22 10 121 0-16

SUNY-Albany, neg. L L L L L L L L 443

Goldsc'hmidt 20 15 18 3 8 6 19 15 104

Carvey 18 15 19 3 12 6 20 15 99

Texas Tech., aff. W L W L W L W W

Walker 25 19 23 29 23 27 23 27 196

McCorkle 27 24 19 29 27 25 25 28 204 12-4

Texas Tech., neg. W W W W W W L W 777Cage 21 29 27 21 IS 19 22 28 185 FourthMcKinney 21 26 27 22 24 23 21 28 192

Utah State, aff. L L L L L L L L

Yorgason 16 16 24 23 18 16 15 16 144

Ihunpton 17 18 24 24 18 18 18 18 155 3-13Utah State, neg. W L L L W L L 625

Prolzman 16 6 15 4 20 15 18 14 108Caine 15 5 9 9 22 16 18 15 109

Utah, aff. L L L L L L W L

Gallenson 17 21 18 19 11 16 18 16 136

Atwood 16 20 14 19 9 20 18 15 131 7-9Utah, neg. W W L W W W L 642

Brown 27 27 17 24 28 26 20 27 196Jones 25 20 17 28 25 25 19 20 179

Wayne State, aff. L L L W W L W W

Richards 26 27 18 24 20 24 22 22 183Brooks 28 28 18 25 19 25 25 U) 187 12-4

Wayne State, neg. W W W W W W W 770White 25 22 26 27 24 26 18 22 190 FifthKlemine 28 26 27 27 23 27 23 29 210

Weber State, aff. W L L W L W W LSmith 20 19 22 18 24 15 18 16 153Atkins 18 20 23 18 18 16 19 18 150 9-7

Weber State, neg. W L L W W L W W 604Kainmeyer 28 21 14 19 11 15 20 19 147Ahem 29 23 17 20 12 15 21 17 154

Western Michigan, aff. L L L W L W W WDriver 23 19 15 21 19 24 26 26 173Weisbrod 25 17 15 21 20 26 23 24 171 8-8

We.stem Michigan, neg. W L L L L W W 655Brignal 19 23 16 2.3 19 17 22 19 158Sowers 18 21 15 19 21 18 23 18 153

Wichita State, aff. L L L L L W L LBoyce 24 18 24 18 18 27 15 16 160Wasser 23 16 24 17 24 26 14 18 162 9-7

Wichita State, neg. W W W W W W W W 604Drew 20 21 21 24 29 28 25 22 190Stevens 24 20 24 17 26 28 22 24 185

Wyoming, aff. W L L W L L L WTarlwrt 18 21 13 27 23 24 15 21 162Bagne 20 23 12 28 24 24 15 29 175 10-6

Wyoming, neg. W W W W L W W W 739Baum 25 25 21 24 23 28 22 28 196Stern 26 27 23 25 26 26 24 29 206

24




CERTIFICATES OF ACHIEVEMENT

Superior—Affirmative

Ben McCorkle, Texas Technological CollegeKing Schofield, University of Southern CaliforniaRichard Foster, Michigan State UniversityCharles Humphries, Michigan State University

Superior—Negative

John Klemme, Wayne State UniversityPat Ganer, University of Southern CaliforniaPaul Stern, University of WyomingRoger Chard, Michigan State University

RESULTS OF PERSUASIVE SPEAKING

I n III IV V VI

SCHOOL SPEAKER R G R G R G R G R G R G

Alabama, U. Callahan 1 92 2 94 3 83 2 90 3 87 2 90

Conditt I 92 2 90 2 85 1 91 2 85 2 90

Auburn Culpepper 2 83 2 85 3 82 2 85 3 87 1 96

Ball St. U. Miller 4 79 1 92 4 78 5 80 5 75 5 80

Creighton BataiUon 3 86 4 84 2 86 5 75 2 88 2 85

U. of Denver Robertson 3 85 3 85 1 84 1 95 4 78 3 88

Iowa. St. U. Spencer 4 75 4 75 1 86 1 88 1 89 3 88

U. of Iowa Koch 3 86 3 80 3 87 — — —

Mott 2 85 3 84 2 92 1 90 1 88 2 88

U. of Kansas Beck 4 82 3 86 I 90 5 75 5 75 3 88

Prentice 4 85 4 84 4 84 2 87 3 80 3 85

Mankato Trulson 3 85 2 86 1 94 3 86 2 89 1 91

Kliebenstein 3 84 I 91 2 88 3 80 4 86 4 88

Memphis Clause 5 79 5 82 5 77 2 82 5 77 4 80

Clausel 4 81 5 79 5 80 2 80 3 83 3 82

Michigan SU. Sullivan 2 85 2 89 2 82 2 86 3 83 4 85

Birkit 2 92 3 85 4 85 1 88 4 78 3 83

U. of Minnesota Secretan 4 88 4 84 1 88 1 95 1 81 2 85

U. of Montana Sullivan 1 94 2 86 3 86 2 88 2 85 2 89

Rowberry 3 83 1 94 2 89 1 94 3 82 2 88

Nevada Green 2 88 1 95 4 85 2 89 3 85 4 85

N. Iowa King 4 83 4 86 2 84 4 80 3 84 4 82

Jacobs 5 80 4 82 3 85 1 85 1 85 2 84

Pittsburgh Hopson 2 92 3 86 3 85 3 85 3 83 4 87

Stark 3 75 3 80 2 85 1 91 4 77 1 95

St. John's McMullen 4 83 4 84 1 91 4 80 3 87 5 78

S. Dakota Johnson 3 90 1 91 3 86 4 80 4 80 1 94

SUNY-AIb. Katz 4 75 4 80 4 88 3 83 4 82 3 89

Iseman 2 88 4 85 5 80 3 82 1 87 3 84

Texas Tech. McGorkle 1 94 2 88 1 90 2 90 1 96 3 86

Thomas 1 90 1 ,88 3 91 3 86 2 89 4 83

Utah St. U. Yorgason 1 87 1 92 3 80 2 85 2 85 5 83

Wabash Grook I 97 2 88 3 85 3 79 2 84 1 95

Todd 2 90 3 88 2 89 1 90 1 92 2 94

Wayne St. U. Greco 1 92 2 88 1 96 4 80 1 92 1 93

Klemme 3 85 1 97 4 80 1 88 2 81 3 85

W. Michigan U. Driver 1 95 3 84 1 95 4 83 4 80 2 90

Sowers 5 78 5 80 5 75 4 75 4 79 4 84

25




RESULTS OF PERSUASIVE SPEAKING (Continued)

1 11 111 IV V VI

SCHOOL SPEAKER R C R C R C R G R G R C

Wichita St. U. Wright 3 89 1 91 2 87 3 84 2 86 1 91

Boyce 5 80 5 84 4 84 4 75 5 75 5 85Wisconsin U. Daughenbaugh 2 89 3 88 1 85 3 81 1 90 1 90

Whittier Ybarra 1 88 1 90 4 81 4 85 1 95 1 92

Wyoming, U. Shouinaker 2 92 2 88 4 87 5 77 2 90 3 90

Certificates of Achievement—Superior:

Charles Todd, Wabash CollegeLarry Driver, Western Michigan IfnivcrsityFrank Creco, Wayne State UniversitySteve Ybarra, Wliittier College

Certificates of Achievement—Excellent:

Tom Johnson, Utiiversity of South DakotaBen McCorkle, Texas Technological CollegeCathi Conditl, University of AlabamaNancy Callahaii, University of Alabama

RESULTS OF EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEAKING

1 11 111 IV V VI

SCHOOL •SPEAKICn H G R G R G R G R c R G

Alabama Peeks 2 85 3 85 5 82 4 88 5 83 5 84

Windoni 5 80 5 80 5 81 5 80 3 86 5 80

American Univ. Sacks 5 85 5 79 5 79 5 80 5 74 5 85

Auburn Univ. Page 5 86 5 80 5 84 1 88 4 81 4 87

Bruggink 3 85 4 89 4 88 5 75 5 80 5 82

Ball State Lakes 5 77 5 78 5 80 4 80 2 99 5 78

Bridgeport Stokes I 92 4 84 5 80 5 83 2 87 5 80

Det/ky 4 84 3 92 5 86 5 78 4 86 4 87

Long Beach Ross 5 76 5 82 3 91 5 82 1 94 4 85

Weese 4 87 4 85 5 75 3 86 5 82 2 89

Colorado Reichcs 5 80 5 81 5 77 5 75 5 81 5 76

O'Neill 4 87 5 80 5 82 5 80 5 86 5 80

Creighton Stewart 3 88 5 80 5 82 1 97 2 86 5 78

Bertrand 2 91 1 86 1 88 3 90 3 89 5 84

Darbnouth Ba>'s 3 84 1 90 2 93 2 87 1 90 3 88

Fcrraro 5 80 3 81 4 85 5 74 5 80 2 85

Denver Madden 1 87 2 87 5 86 5 80 3 86 3 88Robertson 4 84 1 85 3 86 2 91 2 92 3 87

Geo. Washington Reinsberg 1 90 1 91 1 90 1 95 ] 95 2 92

Hartford (.Goldsmith 5 80 5 75 5 75 5 75 5 77 5 75

Indiana U. Fisher 5 82 5 80 5 84 3 84 4 89 2 95

Reafsnyder 3 87 2 85 2 86 4 84 4 83 3 83

Iowa U. Kdward.s 5 75 4 83 4 88 4 84 3 87 1 93Hamcr I 90 2 83 2 92 3 87 5 80 2 90

Iowa State Edwards 4 87 3 85 3 82 4 80 1 90 5 75Kansas U. Jeans 4 78 5 80 1 95 3 84 4 84 2 93

Culham 5 83 2 94 2 90 1 94 4 89 3 83

Mankato Buchanan 1 90 5 88 3 90 2 85 5 78 5 75Glaser 3 90 4 84 3 86 5 86 4 89 4 86

Memphis Russell 5 77 5 79 5 75 4 83 5 78 5 82

26




RESULTS OF EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEAKING (Continued)

I II III IV V VI

SCHOOL SPEAKER R G R G R G R G R G R G

Mercer Winkle 5 88 5 83 5 82 4 85 1 92 5 81

Michigan State Chard 3 85 3 89 4 85 4 86 1 93 1 94

Foster 2 86 2 87 1 90 3 85 1 89 4 82

Minnesota Wallace 4 85 4 84 5 80 4 84 4 75 1 93

Montana Schestedt 5 82 5 82 4 81 .— — —

Higgins 5 82 5 87 5 80 5 82 5 78 4 83

Nevada Stano 1 90 2 86 1 86 2 88 5 85 5 86

Green 5 84 3 86 3 85 3 85 5 89 3 84

New Mexico Melendres 5 80 5 79 5 75 5 83 5 82 2 88

Needing 1 87 3 86 5 79 5 83 3 80 4 88

Northern Iowa Jacobs 5 84 4 86 5 84 3 85 3 95 4 80

Oregon Roberts 2 90 1 88 4 85 3 85 2 80 4 87

Eads 5 85 2 90 2 85 2 90 2 92 1 97

Purdue Cerber 2 89 5 80 5 80 2 90 4 84 3 84

Krembs 5 85 5 80 2 86 1 92 3 90 5 84

Randolph Macon Payne 5 88 5 82 5 81 5 79 5 83 5 80

St. Ansehn's Lynch 5 88 3 85 5 85 5 82 5 80 5 81

South Dakota Winckler 4 83 1 90 2 82 2 88 2 88 5 84

Hensley 2 91 1 89 2 88 3 87 2 90 3 91

Southern Gal. Ruth 2 87 1 95 1 95 4 83 2 90 1 89

Ganer 2 94 2 90 1 95 1 93 3 86 1 90

Southwest Mo. Dunlap 3 90 5 85 3 87 5 84 3 85 2 90

SUNY-Albany Anagnost 5 78 4 85 3 81 5 78 5 85 5 80

Garvey 5 79 5 83 5 76 5 76 3 90 5 81

SUNY-Binghamton Owen 4 87 5 80 5 80 5 78 5 79 5 83

Siegel 5 85 5 81 5 80 5 80 5 75 5 80

Texas Tech Walsh 1 94 2 92 2 90 1 94 1 97 1 89

Bawcom 5 86 3 87 4 84 2 85 5 82 3 93

Utah State Gaine 5 82 5 80 3 85 1 90 1 93 2 88

Protzman 1 95 5 84 4 80 5 79 5 88 3 89

Wayne State Richards 1 92 2 88 1 88 5 82 5 87 5 82

Brooks 4 89 5 85 4 82 5 84 5 75 2 90

Western Michigan Brignal 3 90 3 90 5 80 1 87 2 88 1 93

Brom 5 80 5 80 5 78 5 83 5 84 5 82

Wichita Ramsey 5 86 4 88 3 85 2 86 4 90 4 84

Boyce 3 90 1 91 2 90 1 88 5 75 5 86

Wyoming John 2 92 1 93 1 90 2 93 1 100 1 90

Baum 3 85 5 84 4 80 5 80 5 81 4 88

Whittier Ybarra 2 90 4 82 1 94 1 95 5 83 5 81


John Eads, OregonClem John, WyomingSteve Remsberg, George WashingtonSteve Ybarra, Whittier


James Bays, DartmouthBob Brignal, Western MichiganPat Ganer, Southern CaliforniaTom Hensley, South DakotaMarc Ruth, Southern CaliforniaTom Walsh, Texas Tech.

27




RESULTS OF THE STUDENT CONGRESS


James Swartz, George Washington UniversityRobert Trapp, Texas Technological CollegeDonald Coffin, DePauw IfniversityDonald Martin, Memphis State University


Bill Daoghenbaugh, University of WisconsinJan Sparrow, Texas Technological CollegeCarl Botan, Western Michigan UniversityLinda Duff, University of Kentucky

MINUTES OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY

STUDENT CONGRESS


April 7, 1969

The Assembly was called to order by the Chairman Pro Tcm, Dr. KennethAndersen, University of Michigan, at 10:30 a.m. in the auditorium of theCenter of Continuing Education in Lincoln, Nebraska. Cathie Shattuck,serving as Clerk Fro Tern, called the roll. Fifty-four members were present,and a delegate from the Universitx' of Nebraska was absent.

Dr. Andersen called for nominations for permanent Chairman. LewisThomas, Texas Tech, nominated Rodney Dean, Michigan State. Joe Gerard,Western Kentucky, and Don Martin, Memphis State, spoke in support ofhim. Don Coffin, DePauw, was nominated by John Crook, Wabash, andRick Plain, DePauw, spoke in support of him. Following a speech by eachof the candidates, Don Coffin was elected .speaker 32 to 22.Don Coffin assumed the Chair and called for the election of Clerk. Jan

Sparrow, Texas Tech, nominated Charlotte Gay, Memphis State, and BobTrapp, Texas Tech, put Carl Botan's name in nomination. Chiulottc Gay,Memphis Stale, was elected by a vote of 27 to 26.

Following tlie election of Clerk, Dr. Andersen made some announcements,followed by closing comments from the Chairman, Don Coffin.

David Looney, Memphis State, moved to recess the meeting until Wednesday at 8:30 a.m. The motion carried, and the Assembly recessed at 11:30a.m.

April 9, 1969

The Assembly was called to order by Speaker Don Coffin, DePauw, at8:30 a.m. in die auditorium of the Nebraska Center for Continuing Education. The roll was called by Clerk Charlotte Gay, Memphis State. Forty-nine delegates were present; two delegates from DePauw, one delegatefrom Kentucky, one delegate from Western Michigiui and the delegate fromWisconsin were not present. The minute.s of the previous meeting wereread and approved.

Dr. Kenneth Andersen, Congress Director, explained the method formarking the Congress Evaluation Sheets and selection of the four superiorand four excellent speakers of the Congress.The Speaker explained the agenda developed by the steering committee

28




and such rules as they had agreed upon. Eight minutes were allowed forpresentation of bills and the amount of discussion was fixed by the steeringcommittee and included on the agenda. The Speaker instructed all delegateswho had arrived late to check in with the Clerk.

The Assembly then considered Bill # 1 which set up a model commissionto estabhsh general guidelines for the actions taken during and in responseto civil disobedience. Kai Sorenson, Western Michigan, presented the bill,and Robert Katz, Albany, gave additional support. John Rutland, Kentucky, moved to amend the bUl. The Amendment was defeated. CharlesTodd, Wabash, moved to amend the bill by striking the word permanentin hnes 4 and 8. The amendment was passed. Bill #1 was passed by aroll call vote of 33 for, 15 against, with 2 abstentions.

BiU #2 on regional grievance committees was introduced by WilliamRohde, Albany. Speaking in favor of this biU were: Joe Gerard, WesternKentucky; Kraig Nobel, Ohio Wesleyan; and Robert Trapp, Texas Tech.

Claude Schleuder, Hartford, moved to amend Bill #2 by striking Section5. The amendment was defeated.

Ken Howell, Oklahoma, and Bruce Wimmer, Nebraska, presented asecond amendment. The amendment carried.

Linda Duff, Kentucky, proposed a third amendment which failed. Bill#2 was passed by a roll call vote of 34—14, with 3 abstentions.

James Swartz, George Washington, moved to suspend the rules to considera motion that would limit presentation of the bill to five minutes. Themotion to suspend the rules passed. Jan Sparrow, Texas Tech, moved thatpresentation of bills be limited to five minutes. The motion carried.

Bill #3 was presented by John Grook, Wabash, and Hugh Dukes, Mercer.Carl Royal, Wabash, moved to amend Bill #3 by striking sections 4

and 5. Don Martin, Memphis State, spoke in favor of the amendment andHugh Dukes, Mercer, and Lewis Thomas, Texas Tech, spoke against theamendment. The amendment was defeated.

Bill #3 was then debated. Robert Trapp, Texas Tech; Bill Daughen-baugh, Wisconsin; Hugh Dukes, Mercer; John Crook, Wabash; Linda Duff,Kentucky; and James Swartz, George Washington, spoke in favor of Bill #3.Don Martin, Memphis State; Jan Sparrow, Texas Tech; Charles Todd,

Wabash; and Lewis Thomas, Texas Tech, spoke in opposition to BiU #3.Don Martin, Memphis State, moved the previous question, and the

motion carried. BiU #3 was passed by a roU call vote of 37-10, with oneabstention.

BiU Daughenbaugh, Wisconsin, moved to recess until 10:30. The motionwas carried and the meeting was recessed.Dr. Andersen passed out evaluation sheets and the voting sheets for

superior speakers.The meeting was caUed to order at 10:30. Clerk Charlotte Cay, Memphis

State, caUed the roU and it was determined that there were an equal numberof Conservatives and Liberals.

Thomas Jamerson, Memphis State, was appointed Parliamentarian bythe Speaker.

BiU #4 amending the Federal Income Tax and Small Business Administration laws was presented by Rodney Dean, Michigan State. The Chairexplained that page #2 of the original BiU was now an amendment tothe BUI.

Joe BataiUon, Creighton, moved to amend the bill. Robert Trapp, Texas

29




Tech, and Linda Duff, Kentucky, spoke in opposition to die amendment.Carl Botan, Western Micliigan, moved the previous question and the

motion carried. The amendment failed.Bill Daughetibaugh, Wisconsin, presented a second amendment. Douglas

Kluender, Nebraska, spoke in opposition to the amendment.Charles Todd, Waiiash, moved the pre\'ious question, and the motion

carried. The amendment was defeated.Bill #4 was then debated. John Rutland, Kentucky, spoke against the

bill. Since time for consideration of the bill had pa.ssed. Bob Trapp, TexasTech, moved to suspend the rules to allow a two minute speech in favorof Bill #4. The motion carried and Bob Trapp, Texas Tech, spoke in behalfof Bill #4. 1 he Bill carried by a roll call vote of 36—8, with 8 abstentions.

Congress Bill #5 establishing community campuses for elementary andsecondary school students was pre.sented by Robert Trapp, Texas Tech.Carl Botan. Western Michigan, spoke in support of the bill.Linda Duff. Kentuck\', moved to amend Bill #5. The amendment carried.A second amendme»it was proposed by Mark Lauterbach, Iowa. John

Rutland, Kentucky, moved the previous question, which passed. The amendment carried.

John Crook, Wabash. and Jan Sparrow, Texas Tech, spoke against Bill#5, and Rodney Dean, Michigan State, and Carl Botan, Western Michigan,spoke in behalf of the main motion.

David Sojourner. Memphis State, moved the previous question, and themotion carried. Bill #5 pas.sed by a roll call vote of 30-20, with 2 abstentions.

Don Martin, Memphis State, moved to siuspend the rules to considerResolution #3. The motion failed.The Assembly adjourned for .5 minutes to enable Dr. Andersen to collect

the rating and evaluation sheets.The Assembly, after the recess, considered Congress Resolution #1.

Mark Lauterbach, Iowa, moved the adoption of Resolution #1, and DonMartin, Memphis Stale; Doug Chew. Okhihoma, and Steve Thurston, Iowa,.spoke in favor of the resolution.

David Sojourner, Memphis State, moved the previous question. Themotion carried, and the resolution was voted upon and passed.

Carl Royal, Wabash, moved tlie adoption of Congress Re.solution #2.David Sojourner, Memphis State, and Carl Botan, Western Michigan, spokein favor of the resolution.

Rodney Dean, Michigan State, moved to amend Resolution #2. RobertTrapp, Texas Tech, and John Simon, Nebraska, supported the amendment,and Steve Thurston, Iowa, and Carl Royal, Wabash, spoke in oppositionto the amendment.

Robert Trapp, Texas Tech, moved the previous question which carried.The amendment failed. Since there was no opposition to Congress Resolution #2, the previous question was moved and passed. The ResolutionCiirried.

It was moved and seconded to accept the three special resolutions collectively.Don Martin, Memphis State, moved to amend Resolution #4. The

amendment carried. Resolutions #3 and #5 passed unanimously.Resolution #6 concerning Vietnam was presented by William Rohde,

Albany, who moved its adoption.David Looney, Memphis State, objected to consideration. The motion

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failed. Les^'is Thomas, Texas Tech, spoke in favor of the resolution, andDon Martin, Memphis State, spoke in opposition.

Robert Trapp, Texas Tech, moved to amend Resolution #6, and thisamendment was supported by (larl Botan, Western Michigan.

Diui Koestner, Iowa State, called for the previous tpicstion. The motioncanied, and the amendment earned.

Discussion on Resolution #6 continued with Don Martin, Memphis Stateand Rodney Dean, Michigan State, speaking against the resolution, andBill Daugbenbaugh, Wisconsin, speaking in favor of Rcsohition #6.

Robert Trapp. Texas Tech, moved the previous (luestion, and the motioncarried, Carl Hotun, Western Michigan, moved to suspend the niles tohave a roll call vote by delegate instead of delegation. The motion tosuspend the niles passed, and Resolution #6 passed by a roll call vote of29-14, with 2 abstentions.

Robert Trapp. Texas Tech, moved to recfnisider. Carl Botan, WesternMichigan, moved to table the issue. The motion to table passed.This ended the Imsincss scheduled on the agenda.Joe Swartz, George \\\ishington, intrixluccd a special resolution to make

the date of the death of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. a national holiday.The motion carried by acclamation.

Bill Daughenbangli, Wisconsin, moved that the Assembly he adjourned.The Speaker adjourned the Assembly at 12:15 p.m.

Respoctfully submitted,Charlotte Gay, Clerk

CONGRES.S BILL #1

A Majority' Bill of the Joint Committee on Non-\'iolent Civil Disobedience.Robert Katz. .Albany StateJohn Rutland, University of KentuckyKai Sorenseu, Western MichiganSteve Thurston. Unixersity of IowaKen \'an Cleve, Western MichiganBnice Wimmcr. University of Nebraska

An Act setting a model commission to establish general guidelines for theactions taken during and in re.sponse to civil disobedience and/or disorder.Be it Enacted by the Student Congress of Delta Sigma Rho-Tau Kappa

Alpha;Section 1: That an act of non-violent civil disobedience shall be any

action which is committed in violation of existing law which is not intendedto cause physical harm to another itKlividiial or his property or the propertyof the government.

Section 2: That also a four (4) member commission shall he appointedby the President with the approval of the Senate that the parties involvedin the dispute shall have the riglit to appoint one member each to the boardand a third member agreeable to both parties.A. The members of this commission with the exception of the first

eommission shall serve eight (8) years, one term expiring every two years.The first board shall serve retrospective two (2) year teims.

B, That the commission shall he provided with the staff and office spacenecessary to perform its duties,

Seciion 3: That the jurisdiction of this act shall pertain to the Districtof Columbia and all territories under the administration of the LInited States.

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Section 4: That the duties of said commission shall be to examine thefacts of cases of civil disobedience and to investigate the actions of all sidesupon the request of both parties in the disturbance and/or by the discretionof die commission.

Section 5: That said commission shall file a report to Congress at thebeginning of each session of Congress based on their investigation andfindings.

Section 6: That said commission shall be enacted in an even year.

CONGRESS BILL #2A Majority Bill by the Joint Conference Committee on Campus Disorder.

Bill Rohde, S.U.N.Y.—AlbanyJim Swartz, George Washington UniversityJoe Gerard. Western Kentucky UniversityJoe Merriman, Iowa State UniversityLarry Solomon, Wichita State UniversityClaude Schleuder. University' of Hartford

An Act to create regional grievance committees to deal with campus disorders.

Be it Enacted by the Student Congress of Delta Sigma Rho-Tau KappaAlpha:

Section 1: Regional committees be established to provide effectivechannels for the airing of student grievances and for the redress of grievances.

A. That these committees have the authority to suspend federal fundsto colleges and universities upon a decision reached by the members by amajority vote.B. That the failure of a college or university to participate will result

in a suspension of federal funds to that college or university.Section 2: Organization and MembershipA. The number of committees shall be detenniiied by the Commissioner

of Education.

B. The regional committees will consist of two student representatives,two faculty representatives, one administration repre.sentative, and two otherrepresentatives appointed by llie Commissioner of Education.

Section 3: Elections and AppointmentsA. Student representatives shall consist of one student from a public

college or imiversity and one student for a private institution. Each shallbe elected by a majority vote of the student body presidents of tlie respectivegroupings.B. Faculty representatives shall consist of one from a public and one

from a private institution. Each .shall be elected by majority vote by tliegroup representing faculties on each campus.C. Administrative representatives shall be elected by a majority vote of

the college or university presidents from each respective region.D. "Other" representatives shall be appointed by the Commissioner of

Education.

E. The Chairman of each regional committee shall be elected by amajority vote of the members of that committee.F. It will be die duty of the regional chairman to advise and to make

recommendations to the Commissioner of Education.

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Section 4: Section 411 of Title IV of the Department of Labor, Health,Education, and Welfare Appropriation Act of 1969 is hereby repealed.

Section 5: The limitation of Federal financial aids to students convicted by a court of general jurisdiction should be decided only by theinstitution of higher education against which the offense has been committed, and such limitation shall result only from conviction of a felonyor other serious crime of violence. Students having funds thus limited mayappeal such limitation to the regional council.

CONGRESS BILL #3

A Majority Bill by the Joint Conference Committee on Violent Disorders.John Crook, WabashRon Com, KentuckyCharlotte Gay, Memphis StateHugh Dukes, MercerClay Cormany, Ohio WesleyanJan Sparrow, Texas TechJoe Bataillon, Creighton

An Act to improve the training and procedures of pohce departments.Be it Enacted by the Student Congress of Delta Sigma Rho-Tau Kappa

Alpha;Section 1: A uniform national code of police procedure dealing with

standards of conduet procedures for arrest, and prescribing clear standardsfor the use of force shall be developed by the Justice Department. The purposeof this code shall be to reduce the discretionary responsibilities of individualpohcemen and to limit the use of violence in police work.

Section 2: Federal funds shall be made available to state or munieipalacademies to train policemen and police recmits in improved techniquesand in the application of the standards developed under Section 1. Thefederal government shall assume 65% of the cost of such training.

Section 3: Direct federal assistance shall be made available to individualdepartments for salary supplements and for improved equipment.

Section 4: Localities shall estabhsh elected civihan review boards.Section 5: Departments faihng to comply with the rmiform standards

established under Section 1 or to the creation of civilian review boards underSection 4 shall be denied the assistance and training funds provided underSections 2 and 3. All snch funding and evaluation shall be conducted throughthe Justice Department.

CONGRESS BILL #4

A Majority Bill by the Joint Committee on Violent Disorders.Bob Trapp, Texas TechAndy Allen, Wichita StateDoug Chew, OklahomaRodney Dean, Michigan StateLinda Duff, KentuckyJohn Simon, Nebraska

An Act to amend the Federal Income Tax and Small Business Administration laws to allow and provide increased indiginous capital for depressedareas.

33




Be it Enacted by the Student Congress of Delta Sigma Rho-Tau KappaAlpha:

Section i: 25% income tax refund on federal income tax paid by companies which comply witli the following:A. Business facilities or portion thereof located in depressed areas.B. Reasonable number of local residents employed by firm.C. Use of local resident employees in managerial positions when

qualified.D. At least 25% of iunuial retum on capital to be reinvested in local

projects designed to benefit that area.Section 2: Local Resident Council and Federal Commission under de

partment of HEW to determine validity of refund requests from companiesclaiming to meet the above criteria.

Section 3: The Federal Commission (section 2) shall determine theboundaries of depressed areas.

Section 4: The Small Business Administration shall significantly increasethe availability and accessability of investment and capital loans for .smallbusiness in the depressed areas as well as increasing services to aid in thecounseling of and training for businessmen in these areas.

Section 5: The federal government shall subsidize the insurance premiums of busines.ses investing in these imeas to equalize these paymentswith those paid by comparable companies in surrounding non-depressed

CONGRESS BILL #5

A Minority Bill by the Joint Committee on Violent Disorders.Bob Trapp, Texas TechAndy Allen, Wichita StateDoug Chew. OklahomaRodney Dean, Michigan StateLinda Duff, KentuckyJohn Simon. NebraskaDennis Dudley, Western Michigan

An Act to promote solidarity among the citizens of the United States andto improve the quality of American education.Be it Enacted by the Student Congress of Delta Sigma Rho-Tau Kappa

Alpha:Section 1: That through the establishment of community campuses for

elementary and .secondaiy sch(x)l students, the number of separate schoolsin m-ban and metropolitan areas be decreased as much as possible.

Section 2: That this act be implemented by a Coordinator of Elementary and Secondary Education and an Office of Elementary and SecondaryEducation under his direction operating under the auspices of the UnitedStates Office of Education.

Section 3: That the Office of Elementary and Secondary Education beempowered to purchase existing elementary and secondary school facilities.Such facilities shall either be sold or used as office space or other u.se underthe direction of the General Services Administration.

Section 4: That the Office of Elementary and Secondary Education shallbe empowered to provide up to ninety per cent of the funds necessary toestablish community campuses for elementary and secondary school students.

Section 5: That the Office of Elementary and Secondaiy Education shall,

34




in selected cities, establish three pilot projects of all-city campuses at nocost to local school governing bodies. This act shall be reevaluated two(2) years after the estabhshment of the pilot projects. Members of theschool boards involved in pilot projects shall prepare reports and recommendations to be presented to Congress.

Section 6: That the Office of Elementary and Secondary Educationshall specify communities eligible to establish community campuses underthe provisions of this Act, and shall delineate areas from which thesecampuses shall draw students.

Section 7: That if the provisions of this Act are not in effect in thecities designated for community campuses at the end of ten years after thepassage of this Act, the Congress shall have the right to effect enforcementof it by supplementary legislation.

Section 8: The residents of the specific community campus districtshall elect a school board based on neighborhood representation accordingto the proportion of students from the various neighborhoods comprisingthe community campus district.

Section 9: No part of this Act shall be interpreted in such a way as togive authority to the federal government to select textbooks, hire teachers,or usurp the authority of the community school boards in this Act.

CONGRESS RESOLUTION #1

A Majority Resolution by the Joint Committee on Campus Disorders.Mark Lauterbach, University of OklahomaMary Seelie, University of KentuckyDon Martin, Memphis StateWilliam Payne, Randolph-MaconValerie Swarts, Wichita StateCharles Todd, WabashKen HoweU, Oklahoma

Be it Resolved by the Student Congress of Delta Sigma Rho-Tau KappaAlpha:

Section 1: That student participation be established by providingstudents voting power in final administrative policy decisions in at least thefollowing areas:A. Curriculum

B. Housing regulationsC. Use of university facilitiesD. Speaker and journalistic policiesE. Student disciplineSection 2: That the right to dissent does not include the right to destroy

property or to overtly disrupt necessary university functioning.Section 3: That the right of free speech does not extend to denying

the same right to an individual or group.Section 4: That there should be an agency estabhshed independent of

the university and accessible to the students to insure compliance with theprovisions of this bill.


A Majority Resolution from the Joint Conference Committee on CampusDisorders'.

35




Carl Botan, Western MichiganDonald Coffin, DePauwDan Koestner, Iowa StateDavid Sojoumer, MemphisKraig Nobel, Ohio WesleyanCarl Royal, WaboshBill Daughenbaugh, Wisconsin

Be it Resolved by the Student Congress of Delta Sigma Rlio-Tau KappaAlpha:

Section 1: That only the disciplinary body of the institution of highereducation shidl have the authority to use academic punishments such asexpulsion, suspension, and the withholding of financial aid.

Section 2: That the disciplinaiy body of the institution shall take equivalent action against stxidents convicted by that body of equivalent offenses.

Section 3: That active student participation in the institution's disciplinaiy body is encouraged.

Section 4: That the disciplinary body of the institution shall be recognized by the student government,

Section 5: That in all cases of disciplinary action by an institution ofhigher education the student or students involved are guaranteed all judicialrights and protections provided to United States citizens under the Constitution of the United States of America.

Section 6: That the rulings of the Supreme Court serve as guidelinesfor said eases.


Resolutions by the Committee on Resolutions.Jesse Brand, DePauw UniversitySteve Thurston, University of IowaChuck Todd, Wabash College

Whereas: The Student Congress is mindful of the hard work and interestthat Kenneth E. Andersen of the University of Michigan iuid Cathie Shattuck.University of Nebraska, have shown in the direction of the Student Congress:Whereas: The Student Congress is mindful of the fine hospitality of the

University of Nebraska, especially that of Donald O. Olson:Be it Resolved by the Student Congress of Delta Sigma Rho-Tau Kappa

Alpha:That the Student Congress expresses its appreciation and extends its

congratulations for a job well done.

CONGRESS RESOLUTiON #4

Whereas: The members of tlie 1969 DSR-TKA Student Congress agreethat the e.xperience gained in the Assembly are worthwhilej

Whereas: The members of the 1969 DSR-TKA Student Congress wishto have the event included in the future National DSR-TKA Conferences;

Whereas; Three and one-half hours i.s insufficient time to adequatelyconsider all bills and amendments before the Assembly.Be it Resolved by the Student Congress of Delta Sigma Rho-Tau Kappa

Alpha:Section 1: The national Student President of DSR-TKA be instnictcd

36




as to the overwhelming opinion of the Congress to preserve the DSR-TKA.Student Congress.

Section 2: That the National Student President of DSR-TKA, is herebydirected to present these views to the Executive Council of DSR-TKA andNational Conference Committee; and

Section 3: That the National Student President is hereby directed torequest of the National Conference Committee 3 legislative sessions for theAssembly.


Be it Resolved by the Student Congress of Delta Sigma Rho-Tau KappaAlpha;That the Student Congress extends to Governor Norbert T. Tiemann and

Mayor Sam Schwartzkopf our sincere thanks for the warm welcome whichthey conveyed to us.


A Resolution by the Main Committee on Violent Civil Disorders.Bob Trapp, Texas TechAndy Allen, Wichita StateDoug Chew, OklahomaRodney Dean, Michigan StateDennis Dudley, Western MichiganLinda Duff, KentuckyJohn Simon, Nebraska

Be it Resolved by the Student Congress of Delta Sigma Rho-Tau KappaAlpha: , 1 1

Section 1: That it is in the sense of this Congress that the domesticproblems of the United States cannot be solved without a basic change in theforeign policy of the United States.

Section 2: That it is in the sense of this Congress that the United Statesshould immediately withdraw all United States troops from Vietnam.

SPECIAL CONGRESS RESOLUTION (#7)Resolution by the Delegates to the Student Congress.

James Swartz, George WashingtonJan Sparrow, Texas TechDoug Chew, OklahomaKen Howell, OklahomaDennis Dudley, Western MichiganDon Martin, Memphis StateRobert Trapp, Texas TechScott Grattan, Wichita StateJoe Bataillon, CreightonRodney Dean, Miehigan StateBruce Wimmer, NebraskaDavid Looney, Memphis StateBill Daughenbaugh, WisconsinCarl Botan, Western MichiganAndy Allen, Wichita StateCarl Royal, Wabash

37




John Crook, WabushMarianne Mahonoy, Ohio WesleyanCharlotte Gay, Memphis StateJoe Gerard, Western KentiickyDon Nuebel, Iowa StateJo Merriman, Iowa StateJohn Simon, NebraskaDavid Sojoumer, Memphis StateClaude Schleuder, HartfordKathy Burke, Creighton

Whereas: Martin Luther King, Jr. was a Nobel Peace Prize winner, andWhereas: Dr. King championed the cause of freedom for people every

where:

Be it Resolved by the Student Congress of Delta Sigma Rho-Tau KappaAlpha:That the birthdate of Dr. King be established as a national holiday.

THE 1969 NATIONAL CONFERENCE OFDELTA SIGMA RHO-TAU KAPPA ALPHA

The National Conference CommitteeAustin J, Freeiey, John Carroll University, ChairmenGeorge A, Adamson, University of UtohKenneth E. Andersen, University of MichiganGeorge F. Henigan, George Washington UniversityDonald 0. Olson, University of Nebrasko, ex efficio

Tournament Staff

Donald 0. Olson, University of Nebrosko, Tournament Director

Two-Man Debate

Chairman: Annabel D. Hagood, University of AlabamaCo-Chairmon: Harold Widvey, University of NebraskoCommittee Liaison: Austin J. Freeiey, John Corroll University

Fouf'Man Debate

Chairman: Harold L. Lawson, Ohio State UniversityCo-Chairman: John D. Stone, University of NebroskoCommittee Liaison: George F. Henigan, George Washington University

Extempore SpeakingChairmen: Bernard L, Brock, University of MinnesotoCo-Choirmon: Richard Whitman, University of NebroskoCommittee Liaison: George A. Adamson, University of Utah

Persuasive SpeakingChoirmon: Joseph O'Rourke, Wobosh CollegeCo-Chairman: Kenneth Baker, University of NebroskoCommittee Liaison: George A. Adomson, University of Utoh

Sfuc/ent CongressChairman: Kenneth E. Andersen, University of MichiganAssistant: Cathie Shottuck, University of Nebrosko

38




THE PRESIDENT'S PAGE

Leroy T. Laase

Your National President, nearing the close of his tenure in office, wishesto use this page for a thank you and final report.I wish to express my appreciation to all members of the National Coimcil

for their cooperation and assistance during my three years as President.In particular, I should like to express my and the Society's "thanks" toProfessor E. C. Buehler, who has served since the merger as our NationalTrustee and has done an excellent job of handling our investments andcounseling the Society on our financial policy. "Bill" asked to be rehevedof this assignment and the National Council with reluctance yielded to hiswishes. Former National President Wayne "Tex" Eubank, who is wellqualified for the office, was appointed as his successor and will continuethe long tradition of competent "trusteeship" for this important office.Our appreciation also goes to Nicholas Gripe who has served faithfully

as National Secretary for the last three years and our best wishes go toTed Walwik, now at Indiana State University, who was elected as Nick'ssuccessor. Our best wishes also go to President-Elect James McBath whowill assume the Presidency as my successor on July 1. He is already atwork in appointing his committees, etc. Austin Freeley, who as Chairmanof the National Conference Committee for the last three years has givenus three very efficiently operated Conferences, is your new Vice President.We wish also to express our gratitude to Wayne Brockriede, who served theSociety well as Editor of the Speaker and Gavel for two years, and to RobertWeiss, who took over the Editorship for this year. "Bob," in recognitionof the quality maintained by him in the Speaker and Gavel as its Editor,was reappointed by the National Council for the next three years. ToKenneth Hance, our highly competent National Treasurer, and to HeroldRoss, our very responsible Historian, we are all likewise grateful.Your outgoing President feels especially indebted to the Regional Gov

ernors, who are invaluable in maintaining contacts with the chapters in theirregions and in assisting with delinquent chapters. Our goal in dealing withdelinquent chapters, defined in the Society's By-laws as those "who have notinitiated at least two new members during the last three years," has beento save these chapters if at all possible. To this end, these chapters havebeen written when they were two years dehnquent and alerted to the pending danger of loss of their chapter unless this requirement is met during thenext year. I can report that of the 22 "3-year" delinquent chapters at thestart of this academic year, only three failed to respond to our appeals foractivity and subsequently had to be deactivated and dropped from theSociety's roll by the National Council. Of the 18 "2-year" delinquent chapters, only 8 have not responded to our appeal for renewed activity, andthese aU have another year in which to re-establish themselves in goodstanding. Of these three and two-year delinquent chapters, 28 have abeadyinitiated two or more new members this year, and nine were in attendanceat this year's National Conference. It appears that our effort to salvagerather than lose "delinquent" chapters is succeeding. Nevertheless, yourPresident feels badly when any of our delinquent chapters have to be deactivated by the National Council. We can only plead that Chapter Sponsors

(Continued on page 149)

39




MINUTES OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL

April 7, 1969

President Laase called the meeting to order at 3:15 p.m. Covmcil memberspresent for all or some of the meeting: Laase, Cripe, Ewbank, Buehler,Eubank, Griffin, Ross, Moorhonse, Walwik, Adamson, Henigan, Freeley,McBath.

Secretary reported on statii.s of chapters as follows:

3 YEAR PROBLEM CHAPTERS WHICH HAVE IMTIATED: Bridge-water, Brigham Young, Brown, Biicknell, Colgate, Davidson, Loyola atChicago, Memphis, Missouri, NYU at University Heights, Oklahoma, Tulanc,Washington at Saint Louis, and Dartmouth.3 YEAR PROBLEM CHAPTERS WHICH HAVE RESPONDED-. Case.

3 YEAR PROBLEM CHAPTERS WHICH HAVE NOT RESPONDEDTO SECRETARY: Arkansas, Boston, Connecticut, Elmira, Middlebury,North Carolina, Waynesburg, and Weber.2 YEAR PROBLEM CHAPTERS WHICH HAVE INITIATED: Lincoln,

Montana, Notre Dame, Oregon, Utah State.

2 YEAR PROBLEM CHAPTERS WHICH HAVE RESPONDED: Duke,Hanover, Rutgers, Alma, and Denver.

2 YEAR PROBLEM CHAPTERS WHICH HAVE NOT RESPONDEDTO SECRETARY: C. W. Post, Hamilton, Idalio, Loyola of Maryland,Morehouse, NYU at Washington Square, Richmond, San Francisco, Vunder-bilt.

Secretary also reported:

1. AT LARGE APPLICATIONS:

James Edward Townsend, Brown UniversityNorman E. Puffett, NYU at University HeightsRaymond W. Buchanan, Louisiana State UniversityPriscilla A. Porter, University of Mas.sachusettsWilliam S. Banks, University of BridgeportMichael John Wallinger, University of Utah

2. NEED NEW CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWSAmendment—Article VH Standing CommitteesAmendment—Article IV Section L, Paragraph bAmendment—Article V Section 9, First Sentence Deleted

3. NEED NEW HISTORIES

4. VARIOUS SCHOOL REPORTS

Thmgs moving on Rollins, Cortland, Delaware5. REMINDER OF INCREASE IN KEY PRICES

Keys arc $6.25; Key-Pins are $7.50

Moved by Eubank, second McBath print 2000 copies Constitution. Passed,Moved Griffin, .seconded Moorhonse print 2000 copies histoiy. Passed. Eubank raised question of lapel pin. Secretary instnicted to publicize costsof keys, key-pins, and lapel pins—featuring lapel pins.

Historian report presented and accepted. McBath moved, Buehler seconded that Dr. Robert O. Weiss be appointed ftjr a three year term as Editor,Speaker and Gavel. Passed.

Vice President McBath reported on visit to Pi Kappa Delta National

40




Convention, Tempe, Arizona. Reported resolution from AFA on AFA assuming responsibility for selecting national proposition. Several membersspoke on and to the resolution. McBath moved, Adamson seconded thata committee of Eubank, chairman, Henigan, and Walwik study resolutionand report to council on April 8. Passed.

National Council reaffirmed its support of a pubhcation of a joint indexof DSR-TKA, PKD, AFA journals.James Hall, St. John's University, spoke on behalf of St. John's applica

tion for membership in DSR-TKA. Cripe moved, McBath seconded St.John's be granted a charter in view of their petition for membership priorto council's AAUP endorsement action of December 28, 1968. Passed.

Laase appointed Eubank, Moorhouse, Huber to Students Speaker of theYear Committee to work with Robert McCullah, Kansas; Paul Steins, Wyoming; Bill Moors, St. Anselm's; appointed by Student President RobertTrapp.Adjourned 5:25 p.m.

April 8, 1969

President Laase called April 8 meeting to order at 2:40. Council memberspresent for some or all of session: Laase, McBath, Cripe, Walwik, Moorhouse, Ross, Henigan, Eubank, Griffin, Wagner, Buehler, Adamson, Ewbank,Hagood, Freeley.Eubank presented committee on AFA resolution report as follows:The National Council of DSR-TKA instructs President-elect McBath to

respond to the request of President Gifford Blyton of the AFA as follows:1. DSR-TKA commends AFA's interest in and desire to improve pro

cedures employed in selecting the national debate proposition and discussionquestion. DSR-TKA shares this interest and is delighted to cooperate inseeking ways to improve the selection process.

2. We express our conviction that any process for selecting the nationaldebate proposition and discussion question should make provision forparticipation by the members of the forensic community.

3. We request that the ad hoc committee appointed by President Blytonof AFA include persons representing each of the organizations now represented on the selection committee.

4. We reserve final judgment until the nature of the new selection processhas been defined. We ask that when the ad hoc committee has drafted aspecific proposal that the proposal be submitted to Delta Sigma Rho-TauKappa Alpha, Pi Kappa Delta, Pi Rho Phi, and the Speech Association ofAmerica for approval.Eubank moved approval, Moorhouse seconded. Unanimously adopted.Standard Committee suggestion on South Alabama and Valdosta State

charters discussed. Hagood, as representative of Region IV, spoke to thequality of the programs. Ewbank moved, McBath seconded that charterbe granted to Valdosta State. Approved. Ewbank moved, Hagood seconded,a charter be granted to South Alabama. Approved.McBath moved incoming President be instructed to work with Standards

Committee on studying methods of charter approval. Freeley and Hagoodseconded. Passed.

Freeley gave National Conference report—74 chapters represented atpresent conference. 1970 Conference will be March 25-28 at University ofAlabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama.

Laase presented Treasurer's report in absence of Hance.

41





Treasurer's Report—July 1, 1968—March 24, 1969

INCOME

Initiations S 885.00 (Budgeted: $3,800.00)Investment Income (cash) 1,604.51 (Budgeted: 3,000.00)Charters 50.00 (Budgeted: 100.00)•Special Gifts (Budgeted: (?)Miscellaneous 1,453.75 (Budgeted: 50.00)Members-at-large 20.00 (Budgeted: )

$4,013.26 $6,950.00

DISBURSEMENTS

Speaker and Gavel:Issues $1,617.00 (Budgeted: $3,400.00)Editor's Office 225.00 (Budgeted: 300.00)

Printing and Postage 119.21 (Budgeted: .300.00)President's Office 150.00 (Budgeted: 200.00)Secretary's Office 900.00 (Budgeted: 1,000.00)Treasurer's Office 150.00 (Budgeted: 200.00)Historian's Office 150.00 (Budgeted: 200.00)Maintenance of Records by Allen Press 364.48 (Budgeted: 450.00)Dues and E.\pcn.ses re. -Association

of College Honor Societies 35.00 (Budgeted: 200.00)Expenses re. SAA Committee on

Debate-Discussion 72.50 (Budgeted: 150.00)Membership Certificates 195.47 (Budgeted: 400.00)

.Awards:

Speaker-of-the-Year (Budgeted: 2.50.00)Distinguished Alumni (Budgeted: 25.00)Trophy for NFL (Budgeted: 100,00)

SAA Life Membership Payment 200.00 (Budgeted: 200.00)Student Council 123.90 (Budgeted: 100.00)National Conference 816.00 (Budgeted: 800.00)Miscellaneous 16.20 (Budgeted: 50.00)

$5,134.77 $8,325.00

(i:

(2)

Note (1): Nationul Conference Refund in 1968: $1,305.87.Note (2): Typewriter for Secretary's Office: $ 150.00.

Biiehler gave Trustee'.s Report.Griffin moved, Eubank seconded, that Finance Committee be instructed

to appraise the financial structure of the organization and report at Decembermeeting. Passed.The Council with reluctance accepted the resignation of E. C. Bueliler

as Trustee. He was given a standing ovation in appreciation of his yearsof contributing to the society.

McBath recommended Wayne C. Eubank for Trustee, Herold Ross asHistoriim, George Adamson as National Conference Chairman. CouncilconcuiTcd.

Griffin moved, Wagner seconded that certain changes be made in ritual.Passed witli instructions to Griffin to recommend changes to Ross.

(Ed. note: The following two paragraplis are additions to the minutesproposed by President Laase.)

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President Laase reported that he had written all chapters which had notinitiated during the last 3 years as reported by the National Secretary in theDecember Council Meeting alerting them to their danger of deactivation,copies to their chapter sponsors, immediate administrative superior and totheir regional governor, except Arkansas which was not on the list of delinquent chapters which he received. Of these, all but Boston University,Elmira and Middlebury have either initiated or sent replies to him indicatingprogress towards meeting their responsibiltes as an active chapter. Severalof these chapters are in attendance at this Conference, and some had studentsinitiated in the model initiation ceremony last evening. Case TechnologicalInstitute has merged with Western Reserve as Case-Western Reserve University and requests merger with the Western Reserve Chapter.

President Laase also reported that he had likewise written all of the chapters reported by the National Secretary in December as being on the 2-yeardelinquent list; that ten of these chapters, Alma, Denver (here), Hampden-Sydney, Idaho, Lincoln, Montana (here), Notre Dame (here), Oregon(here), Rutgers, Utah State (here) had either initiated or indicated intentionto initiate this year; that two of these chapters (Duke and Hanover) indicated they are in a rebuilding process, have no one to initiate this year, andneed furliier time; that eight chapters, C. W. Post, Hamilton, Loyola atBaltimore, Morehouse, U. of N. Y. at Washington Square, Richmond, SanFrancisco State and Vanderbilt had not replied but that these have anotheryear in which to meet the minimal active chapter requirements before adecision on their status must be made.

Moorhouse moved, Freeley seconded that Boston University, Elmira,and Middlebury Chapters be deactivated. Passed. Moved and passed thatArkansas be communicated with by President over inactive status.The following chapters are to be sent reminders that they have not

initiated sufficient members during past two years and will need to initiatethis year: Duke, Hanover, Rutgers, Alma, C. W. Post, Denver, Hamilton,Idaho, Loyola of Maryland, Moorehouse, NYU at Washington Square, Richmond, San Francisco, Vanderbilt.Moved and seconded Case and Western Reserve chapters be united.

Passed.

Laase reported correspondence from Governor Wetherby. Discussion byCouncil commended Governor Wetherby for his sustained interest in thefraternity. The necessity of abiding by the Constitution regarding membership requirement was re-emphasized.

Council went on record commending President Laase on his services tothe organization.Adjourned at 4:35 p.m.

{Continued from page 145)

and Regional Governors, in cooperation with the National Council, do allthey can to preserve the active status of all chapters.As we turn the presidency over to incoming President McBath, we can

report that the health of the Society is excellent, whether measured in termsof our financial status or the activity of the chapters. We would plead thateach Chapter Sponsor and National Officer give President McBath his fullcooperation in maintaining the health of the Society and in moving it ahead.

43




DISPOSITIO IN THE RHETORIC OF A FORMER

DEBATER: GEORGE CORLEY WALLACE

L. Dean Fadely*

The speech is added to, subtracted from and tinkered with from time totime but it does not really change. Only modest amendments of style,indeed, distinguish it from the rhetoric that elected first George, thenLurleen, governor of Alabama.'

NEWSWEEK

Throughout the 1968 Pre.siclcutial campaign, one candidate deliveredessentially tlie same address, in terms of content if not format, at everypolitical rally. There were occasions when it seemed as if he would varythe content of his discourse.- However, a mimetic-orator cannot easily changehis message, and George Wallace was and is a mimetic-orator.-' Thisrepctitiveness, however, did not discourage Wallace's supporters. To thecontrary, they found in it additional reasons for admiration. To them,Wallace was being honest, forthright, and consistent. Let the other candidates say one thing in one part of the country and ai>other thing in anotherpart of the country. George Wallace would say the same thing in all partsof the countr>'.' The Florence Times and Tri-Ciiies Daily, which is publishedin Florence, Alabama, expressed aspects of this attitude in the followuigeditorial:

The major news media have crilicized George Wallace for making "thesame speech" wherever he campaigns.

Tri-Cities Newspapers believe he has it down pretty good and will laudhis continuing to say the same thing.'*

* Mr. Fadely, a Ph.D. candidate in Rhetoric and Public Address at the Universityof Pittsburgh, is llie Director of Forensics at the Ibiiversity of North Carolina atCIreensboro. Much of the material included in this paper was gathered during aseminar in Modern Pre.sidential Public Address taught at the Univcrsit>' of Pittsburgh by Theodore O. Windt.' "Wallace and His Folks," Nctcfnoeck, (September 10, 1968). p. 26.- On at least three different occasions different speeches dealing with such

diverse issues as specific foreign policy and specific agricultural proposals werecontemplated. Advance copies of these addresses were dis.seminated to newsmen.Yet, when Wallace began to speak he soon responded to the interrelated pressuresof the hecklers and the desires of his audience to hear him (1) run over theagitators—verbally, in the absence of a Presidential limousine, and (2) recite tlielitany of the faithful. For an account of these occasions see: The New York Times,Octoljer 8, 1968, p. 34. The Pittsburgh Press, October 22, 1968, p. 10. The NewYork Times, Octol^r .31, 1968, p. 38." As a inimetic-orator, Wallace's function as Edwin Black so insightfully de

scribes it ". . . is not to shape an audience's beliefs and disljeliefs but to reflectthem. He is the spokesman, official or unofficial, of some group in society, andhis discourses may be taken as expressing the mind of that group." From EdwinBlack, Rhetorkal Criticism: A Study in Metiwd (New York: The MacmillanCompany, 1965), p. 167.

This attitude was expressed in a televised interview among Wallace and someof his supporters which was seen on KDKA television, Channel 2, Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania, October 1, 1968.

^ The Netv York Times, October 20, 1968, p. E15.

44




If the repetitiveness of Wallace's discourse was not discouraging to hisfollowers, it was not exactly invigorating to the rhetorical critic. It is notthat Wallace did not vary his speech—he did. Rather, it was the way inwhich he varied it. Imagine, if one will, a deck of fifty-two note-cards.Remove the first two and lay them aside. They represent Wallaces introductory remarks. Remove the last two note-cards and lay them aside.These cards contain Wallace's conclusion. Now thoroughly shuffle theremainder of the cards. Restack them in a randomized order with theintroductory note-cards on the top of the deck and concluding note-cardson the bottom of the deck. Deliver the note-cards. (However, keep in mindthat dealing off the bottom of the deck is permissible.) Repeat this procedure prior to the delivery of each speech. Occasionally, for the sake ofvariety, repeat the procedure while delivering the speech. The reader nowhas a rough approximation of Wallace's organization.

Within this framework, five issues characteristically appeared. Normally,one of these—race—^was developed in what could be called the introductionof the address. Wallace liked to deal with the racial theme per se early inhis speech. He usually offered the following disclaimer:

I have never in my life made a public statement, in my political life,calculated to reflect upon anybody because of their race, color, creed, ornational origin, [applause and cheers] And I don't intend to do so tonight[applause and cheers], and I never have, [applause, cheers, and usually alittle foot stomping by now]*^ (Italics mine.)

Having "dismissed" the racial question and shown to all present that heis not a racialist, Wallace would spend much of the rest of the eveningtalking about race, in terms of "law and order." It was almost as if he werepracticing the suggestions for insinuatio outlined by the classical rhetoricians.

Slightly before, or after, the disclaimer Wallace would offer what couldbe interpreted as a thesis statement. The purpose of this address is toallow Wallace ". . . to give you our position again, as I have given it beforein other parts of the country.'"' In no set order, the position followed.Usually, Wallace developed four additional issues: (I) anti-intellectualism,(2) law and order, (3) Vietnam, and (4) get "a dime's worth of difference."® The first three of these could loosely be construed as the mainideas or main points of the body of his speech. Typically, the transitioninto and statement of the first main idea (whichever it may have been)would read:

What is another issue® that faces the American people? Now, first, theissue really, in the long run, generally speaking, is that we have a pseudo-

°This quotation in similar content, if not form, is found in all versions of the1968 Presidential campaign speech to which this writer has listened. Hereafter,this particular address will he referred to as The Speech.' Ibid.

® Ibid.

® Even though this may he the first issue of the body of the speech, Wallacemight very well call it "another issue." This is really not incorrect as his racialdisclaimer usually preceded all other issues. The terminology could he confusingto the rhetorical critic who is looking for an orderly, sequential flow of ideas.However, it did not seem to bother Wallace's audience who followed with greatgusto and enthusiasm his freewheeling harangue from one brassy punch line tothe next.

45




intellectual cult in our country, [applause] Now, I'm not talking aboutthe real intellectual.s. We need the real intellectuals.''^

The probative support, such as it was, would follow and Wallace wouldrace onward to the transition to the next main point—a transition which•sounded curiously like the last one (and the next one): "Now we havegot the other issue that confronts the people of our county and that is thebreakdown of law and order, (applause)"" What would follow would bean attack on the Supreme Court, the Justice Department, big government(which prevents mayors and governors from getting riot troops when theyneed them), "pseudo-intellectuals" (again), "militants," "beatniks," "Com-muni.sts." and "anarchists."By now, the crowd is on its feet screaming and shouting their support

for Wallace and railing darkly at any anti-Wallace demonstrators who mightbe present.

Between urging the audience to . . let the police handle it; let thepolice handle it. Ladies and Gentlemen"'--'^ and blasting the demon.stratorswith ad Homincm attacks ("Be good or wo won't promote you to the sec-ondgrade. You people use a lot of four letter words and call it freedom ofspeech, but there arc two words you people don't have in your vocabulary,w-o-r-k and w-a-s-h. "Come on up here and I'll autograph your sandalsfor you. )'■•; Wallace would be developing his third main idea: "Nowanother issue that faces our people is the matter of Vietnam."'* Withintliis point sometimes certain subordinate concepts would become vaguelyapparent:

. . . One thing we ought to do alxxit involvement is make our friends gow ith us and help us [applause]—or stop foreign aid [applause] and makethem pay back all the money they owe u.s from World War I right on upto the present, [much applau.sc and cheers]'"

B. . . . And second, we ought to lean heavily on the joint chiefs of staff.'"C. . . . Another thing we ought to do is to . . . seek an indictment against

these traitors I applause! and tiirow them under a good federal jailsomewhere, [applause and cheers]'*

Once again, the lack of organization did not hamper the enjoyment ofthe speech by Wallace's supporters. The impact of the complete discoursewould come across in some kind of a Gestalt whole. Suddenly, tlie messageis there. The listener is caught tip and enmeshed in it, empathizing viscer-ally with those around him and with the figure on stage whose head jutsabove the big bullet-proof podium.

By uow. Wallace has developed his fourth main idea. This is the fifthissue with which he dealt and sened as his conclusion. Get a dime's worthof difference, he urged hLs followers, after all:

'"The Speech." IbUl.

Ibid." According to demonstrators with whom this writer has talked, the police, who

were probably pro-^^'^aIIace and/or anti-demcmstrator, were more than happy to"handle it."

'* The Speech.Ibid.Ibid.

'■ Ibid.Ibid.

46




The National Republican Party leaders sound exactly almost like PresidentLyndon Johnson and the National Democrats. There is not a dime's worthof difference between them. And on January, 1969, if you put them inoffice you're going to be mad with them one week after the inauguration,but you got to wait four more years. So I say to you we must changefor the purpose of changing trends—not just for the sake of changing,[applause and cheers]^''

This is the rhetoric of George Corley Wallace—a series of mangled meta-phores,^® mispronounced words, and loosely strung ideas. In short, a disconnected diatribe. Failures of disposition and style could be forgivenmore easily if the speaker has had little or no exposure to the principlesand practices of effective public speaking. George Wallace as a formerdebater,^^ a lawyer, and a pohtician can not make this claim. Despite this,however, Wallace was frequently successful in arousing his supporters toa fever pitch. This type of response is not at all inconsistent with the resultsone would expect from the speaking of a mimetic-orator. If Wallace hadorganized and delivered his speeches more effectively, he might well havesucceeded in soliciting votes from members of the public outside of his hardcore, mimetic following—^votes necessary for greater political success inthe 1968 Presidential campaign.

Ibid.

Several metaphors which Wallace used are striking; this one, however, isespecially outstanding; "Those pointy-headed guideline writers have created aFrankenstein, and now their chiekens are coming home to roost."

Candidates 1968 (Washington, D.C.; Congressional Quarterly Service, 1968),p. 90.

47




RICHARD M. NIXON'S INAUGURAL ADDRESS:

A CRITICAL MOMENT IN HISTORY?

BEKNAru) L. Bhock*

Each moment in history is a fleeting time, precious and unique.But some stand out as moments of beginning, in which courses are setthat shape decades or c-enturies.

This can be such a moment.'

With these words Richard M. Nixon launched his Inaugural Addresswhich "in keeping with campaign promises and personal style . . . offeredno new Utopias, delivered no e.xhortations to grandeur."- Some critics praisedNixon for his eloquence, "There was a lift iii hi-s me.ssage—phrases ofeloquence, phrases to raise the spirit, to enlarge hope. In this sense, itwas a new Nixon us well as a new leader to whom we listened,'"' whileothers focused on the thrust of his message, "peace and understanding."Yet, while listening to the address, one .sensed an incompatibility betweenNixon's grand purpose, setting a course for "decades or centuries," and hisplain style, uneven tone and mixed metaphors.

However, after observing initial reactions, one is still left with the task ofjudging the address, so one asks, "What standards .should be used in evaluating Nixon's Inaugural Address?" Should it be compared to past greatinaugurals? Nixon encouraged this approach by comparing the presentcrisis to the one faced by Franklin Roosevelt in 1933 and by employing astyle similar to John Kennedy's. Nixon did not create the same unity andmandate for personal action as did Franklin Roosevelt in bis First Inaugural,l)ut today the nation is not crippled by a "Great Depression" as it was in1933. Nixon did not inspire the tuition with a measured, high style as didJohn Kennedy, but neither does his ascent to the presidency provide tliesame stark contrast in style with his predecessor. The question is, "Whatmade these speeches great?" Can one legitimately separate the addre.ssfrom the times and say definitely that it wa.s the speech itself tliat was great,rather than the circumstances? No, one should not use the great addressesas the siandmd for evaluation.

Nixon's speech should be judged by standards appropriate to all inaugurals: "Was the address a meaningful response to immediate circumstances?" and "Did the address specify a positive direction for the newadministration?" During the 1968 election, the nation had been dividedbetween young and old, rich and poor, black and white, and doves andhawks, mid these divisions contributed to Nixon's receiving a minority ofthe popular vote and failing to obtain a mandate from the people. Nixonhad to acknowledge these divisions and respond in such a way as to capturethe popular support that he was denied in the polls.

* Mr. Brock is Associate Profes.sor of Speech, Cunmiunication, and Theatre Artsami Director of Forensics at the University of Minnesota.' All quotations from this speech are from "NLxon's Inaugural Address," U. S.

Conp,ref!sional Record, 91st Cong., 1st Sess., January 20, 1969, S561-561.-"Ni.xon's Message: 'Let us Gather in Light,'" Time, Vol. 9-3, No. 4 (January

24, 1969), 9.•'The editorial from January 21, 1969, Memphis (Tenn.) Press-Scimitar was read

into the Coufiresskmal Record on January 27, 1969, 91st Cong., 1st Sess., E491.

48




Nixon attempted this in the introduction as he tied the occasion andunity together; "I ask you to share with me today the majesty of this moment. In the orderly transfer of power, we celebrate the unity that keepsus free." The idea of unity and freedom was extended as Nixon discussedthe difficulty of attaining peace as we approach "the third millennium."Nixon's strategy was to transcend these divisions by calling for peace.But he returns to the divisions in recognizing "a crisis of the spirit":

We find ourselves rich in goods but ragged in spirit, reaching withmagnificient precision for the moon but falling into raucous discord onearth.

We are caught in war, wanting peace. We are torn by division, wantingunity. We see around us empty lives wanting fulfillment. We see tasksthat need doing waiting for hands to do them.To a crisis of the spirit, we need an answer of the spirit.

Having acknowledged the divisions, Nixon recommended a solution whichwould result in uiiity and would suggest a popular mandate, "We cannotleam from one another until we stop shouting at one another. . . ."

Nixon continued to pursue unity and a mandate in considering the "roleof government and people." He promised that "government will listen" toall the people—especially "those who have been left out" and "those leftbehind." At this point Nixon's call for a mandate became stronger:

What has to be done has to be done by government and people together or it will not be done at all. The lesson of past agony is thatwithout the people we can do nothing, with the people we can do everything . . . we can build a great cathedral of the spirit—each of us raisingit one stone at a time as he reaches out to his neighbor, helping, caring,doing.

One can see how the old, the rich, the white, and the hawks could identifywith Nixon's transcendent appeal, "a great cathedral of the spirit," but onequestions its acceptability to the young, the poor, the black, and the doveswho are all shouting for tangible actions.

Later Nixon adds, "we shall promise only what we know we can produce,"and "the laws have caught up with our conscience." Nixon has not offeredmuch hope to the disenchanted. Also, one must remember Nixon's conclusion to the "crisis of the spirit": "We cannot learn from one anotheruntil we stop shouting at one another. . . ." He might as well have toldthe rmdeiprivileged to stop demonstrating and criticizing the establishment.

Yes, Nixon did bid for unity, but beyond a few cliches he offered nothingwhich would have gained this unity. Nixon did not provide a meaningfulresponse to the immediate circumstances of division.

But the question remains, "Did the address point a positive direction forthe new administration?" The answer was partially provided when wediscovered that Nixon did not provide much hope for those left out of our"Great Society."The ritualistic character of the Inaugural Address and Nixon's superficial

attempts at unity make identifying a definite future comse difficult. Yet,some signs stand out. Nixon clearly envisions his administration as beingcritical in gaining world peace:

For the first time, because the people of the world want peace and theleaders of the world are afraid of war, the times are on the side ofpeace. . . .

49




What kind of a nation we will ]>e, what kind of a world we will live in,whether we shape the future in the image of our hopes, is ours to determine by our actions and our choices.

In fact, peace becomes the major goal of his administration:

Let us take as our goal: Where peace is unknown, make it welcome;where peace is fragile, make it strong; where peace is temporary, makeit permanent.

After a period of confrontation, we arc entering an era of negotiation.

So the direction for Nixon's administration is toward world peace duringan era of negotiation. During this period Nixon will preside, and he willbe known as the peace-maker, "the greatest honor history can bestow."Nixon will be operating in a world which he feels he knows quite well:I have come to know the leaders of the world, and the great forces, thehatreds, the fears, that divide the world," and a world that he dwarfs byciting the words of Archibald MacLeish ;

To see the earth as it truly is, .small and blue and beautiful in that eternalsilence wlicre it floats, is to see ourselves as riders on the earth together,brothers on that bright loveliness in the eternal cold—brothers who knownow they are truly brothers.

Thus, Nixon concludes, "our destiny lies not in the stars but on earth itself,in our own hands, in our own hearts." Nixon's Inaugural Address suggeststhat he sees himself as the peace-maker who will personally assure worldpeace for "decades or centuries."One immediately questions whether Nixon could believe a single person

could be the crucial ingredient in obtaining world peace, but a (juick lookat his political l)ackground suggests this may be possible. In 1952, whenpublic opinion wa.s niiming against him because of a questionable use ofpolitical funds and Eisenhower was considering dropping him as the vice-presidential candidate, Nixon api>eared on national television and presentedhis now famous "Checkers Speech" which reversed the tide and insured hiscandidacy. Then in 1960, when Rockefeller emerged as a threat to Nixon'spresidential hopes, Nixon personally negotiated crucial platform issues withRockefeller and demanded their acceptance from the platform committee atthe convention. Finally after 1962, when Nixon committed political suicideby lashing out at the press and by announcing his permanent retirementfrom politics, he made a personal comeback through tireless campaigningfor Republican candidate.s across the country resulting in his 1968 presidential nomination which sN-mbolized his personal victoi'v. These incidentssuggest as does his autobiography. Six Crises,-* that Nixon's political historyis one of personal victories and defeats, so one should not be surprised tosee him view world peace in personal terms.

Nixon's Inaugural Address suggests that the thrust of his administrationwill be toward persoua! negotiation for peace, and this direction is consistentwith his campaign talk of .summit conferences with world leaders. Still onemust ask whether the final third of this centur>', the era of negotiation,requires a president who creates world conditions or one who respondsintelligently to them. Is it possible that Nixon in evaluating the circumstances would over-value the role played by a single individual? Hispredecessor made that mistake. In 1964 Johnson saw the futility of military

* Richard M. Nixon, Si.v Crises (New York: Doiibleclay & Co., 1962).

50




involvement in Asia. But later, he overestimated his power to controlcircumstances, and he escalated United States involvement in Vietnam andcaused his own political demise. Johnson, like Nixon, viewed pohticspersonally. So to the extent that Nixon's Inaugural Address points a direction for his administration, it raises the question of whether Nixon, failingto profit from Johnson's mistakes, over-values the role the president can playin world politics.

Nixon's Inaugural Address will not go down in history for its eloquentstyle, nor will it generate the much-needed support from the rejected ofsociety. But it does suggest a direction for his administration. It indicatesa period of personal diplomacy. We all hope at this critical moment inhistory that Nixon does not follow the course set by Lyndon Johnson andimplied in Nixon's inaugural and that he was right when he said, "the timesare on the side of peace."

RITUAL NOTE

Please clip or duplicate this instruction and attach to the PresidingOfficer's Ritual:

The National Council has authorized the Presiding Officer to have thecandidate carry the candle for him and to light the candles at the severalstations.

NATIONAL CONFERENCE PICTURES

Copies of the award pictures taken at the National Conference may beobtained from Photographic Productions, Nebraska Hall 452, University ofNebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68508. The prices are: 4" X 5"—400; 5" X7"—600; 8" X 10"—$1.00, plus 2% tax.

51




DEAN RUSK: A DIALOGUE AT INDIANA UNIVERSITY

UviEiA Good*

Wlic'ii Dean Rusk visited Indiana University on Tuesday, October 31,1967, to speak to the students and faculty, objectors of the Johnson Administration's Vietnam policy planned to show opposition to Rusk's warmonger image. Knowing well his actions in the recent war years andknowing that "because of the policy he symbolizes, hundreds of men willprobably be killed in the next year or so,"^ the campus thoroughly prepared for hLs arrival.

For a long time Ernest K. Lindley, a former Indiana University studentnow in the State Department, repeatedly urged Rusk to speak at IndianaUniversity. After Rusk accepted an October 30 speaking engagement atColumbus, Indiana, Lindley persuaded him to speak at his nearby almamater the following clay. When the Convocations Committee receivednotice of the invitation, they recognized the honor of having such a distinguished speaker and agreed to sponsor his visit.-The announcement of Rusk's visit initially aroused no anticipation of

trouble among the majority of the students or campus authorities. His visitwas considered by them to be an honor to the University. No responsibleauthority early recognized the disruptive influence Rusk would have on thecampus; few visualized the need for extensive securit)' and certainly fewstispected the trouble that would storm the Ciunpus.-'When the students leanied of Rusk's visit, llie reaction of members of

the "liberal left" was not subtle. The student leaders of the movement,David Cahill, Russell Block, and Gu\' Loftman, reproached Professor ReedDickerson, Chairman of the Convocations Committee, condemning him forscheduling in the past two years a "parade of hawks." They listed RichardNixon, General Maxwell Taylor, General Lewis Hcrshey, Hubert Humphrey, and Senator Wayne Morse, the only "dove." They then urged theCommittee to secure before October 31, a nationally prominent speakeropposed to the war in \'ietnam to address the campus before January 1,1968 (but not within two days of a vacation). If the Committee shouldfind this impossible, they demanded a cancellation of the Secretary of State'sinvitation to speak."*

Professor Dickerson conceded that, although unintentional, an imbalancehad in fact developed. He explained, however, that it is impossible toaudit any speaker before he appears; and, thus, the Committee often doesnot know what position a scheduled speaker might take.-''To partially correct the imbalance, tlie Committee .scheduled an anti-war

speaker, Boston University professor of government Howard Zinn, to speak

* Miss Good is a graduate student at Indiana Universit>'.' huliam Daily Student (Bloomington), November 4, 1967, p. 4.- Interview with Professor Reed Dickerson, Chainnan of the Convocation Com

mittee and Professor of Law at Indiana University, May 7, 1968; Indiana DailyStudent, October 4, 1967, p. 1 and October 31, 1967, p. 4.

■' Interview with Professor Reed Dickerson; letter to Dean Shaffer, Dean ofStudents, Indiana University, May 8, 1968.' Indiana Daily Student, October 26, 1967, p. 1 and October 31, 1967, p. 4;

Interview with Professor Reed Dickerson.'' Interview witli Profe.ssor Reed Dickerson.

52




on December 1, 1967. At the announcement of this invitation, the leadersof Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and Committee to End theWar in Vietnam (GEWV) made no agreement with the Convocation Committee to prevent interference with Rusk's speech. Block assured the Committee that he would cause no trouble but explained that he did not knowwhat his followers might do. He knew demonstrations would be staged,for a person of Mr. Rusk's stature must expect these when he speaks, butBlock hoped they would be orderly.®

Nearly 120 police authorities began preparation for Rusk's visit. Soonafter Rusk accepted the invitation to speak, two of his advance men approached Captain Spannuth, Chief of the Safety Division at Indiana University. They instructed him in all of the usual security precautions forRusk's visit. Since the University and city police forces did not have enoughmen to cover the event, they requested the assistance of state patrolmen."Plain clothes" men were scattered throughout the audience and at otherpertinent points. Men guarded all doors leading into the auditorium andall entrances onto the stage. No one would be permitted backstage withoutfirst presenting a special button of authorization. Even with all of theUniversity's security preparations. Rusk's personal security team accompaniedhim.'^

On the day before Rusk's speech, the "Dean Rusk welcoming committee"(CEWV) collected approximately 130 students and began distributingleaflets throughout the campus with instructions on how to show oppositionto the Johnson administration's policy in Vietnam during Rusk's speech.According to Russell Block, the "number one" instruction was "Do not stop.him from speaking."® They urged dissenters to wear "peace" armbands,to enter the auditorium as early as possible and to heckle Rusk with appropriate comments when they disagreed.® Don Kaplan, president of SDS,instructed interested individuals to demonstrate with faculty members infront of the auditorium.Soon the excitement caused supporters of the Administration's policy

in Vietnam to begin preparations for a counter-demonstration. Robert Tyrell,a member of the State Executive Committee of Young Americans for Freedom, instructed people wishing to counter-demonstrate to dress in coat andtie and meet at 9:45 a.m., October 31, to march around Showalter Fountainin front of the auditorium. At 10:00, as many as possible were to go inside,take seats and applaud when dissenters booed and hissed. An estimaterevealed that nearly 2,000 of Tyrell's demonstrators were left outside theauditorium.

On the morning of October 31, an editorial in the Indiana Daily Studentwelcomed Mr. Rusk and encouraged all readers, regardless of politicalview, to attend the event. A satire appeared in the same issue encouragingdissenters to go to Dunn Meadow (a plot of ground set aside for demonstrations), dance around the flag and take out their frustrations on one

® Indiana Daily Student, October 27, 1967, p. 1; interview with Professor ReedDickerson.

^ Interview with Captain William G. Spannuth, May 13, 1968.® Interview with Russell Block, May 6, 1968.® Ibid.Bloomington Herald-Telegram, October 30, 1967, p. 1.Indiana Daily Student, October 31, 1967; interview with Robert Tyrell, May

10, 1968.

53




another so that the rest could hear Rusk's speech. "Let's let Mr. Rusk goback to Wasliington untarred-aiid-featherecl,"'- Another student expressedconcern wondering . . what sort of shame will be cast upon the entirestudent body by the probable infantile demonstrations. . .Under cloudy skies, demonstrators and counter-demonstrators awaited

Rusks arrival. At 9:45 a.m. an anxious audience occupied all 3,738 seatsm the auditorium.'^ At 10:30 applause accompanied the shouts and boosof about 200 anti-war demonstrators, and signs reading "BOMB HANOINOW, and "VICTORY IN VIETNAM" greeted Dean Rusk, Secretary ofState, to Indiana University.'®

Rusk began his speech, and his dialogue, immediately after President Starrintroduced him. Distinct boos and shouts of "Eichmann," "murder,""Fascist" and "grow up," molded the first line of his address: "Thank youfor letting me be your Halloween guest today." An audience memberresponded with, "There're enough ghosts with you." When Rusk explainedthe nature of his invitation to speak at Indiana University, someone fromthe audience cleaiK suggested, "You iinited yourself."The audience shouted and booed throughout Rusk's next sentence to the

end of the first paragraph. In that period of four sentences, the audiencehad completely disrupted Rusk six times with shouts lasting from 7 to 15seconds. The Secretary decided to deal with the interniptions immediately.

Let us be clear about one tiling, and I want to be as gentle as possible inniuking this remark, that it's been a long time since Mr. Khrushchevbanged his slioe on the table at the United Nations. I am prepared tohe your guest. I am not going to engage in a shouting match with anyone.

Applau.se, accompanied with "name calling," thundered for 38 seconds.His reference to Khruschchev had not brought the group under control.

With irritation evident in his voice, he made a second attempt to "set thingsstraight," forcing more shouts from the audience.

I think—I think you ought to know that—that in all—in all of ourdiscussions, Mr. Gromyko and I treat each other with the greate.st ofpossible personal courtesy. And if that—and if that were not so—if thatwere not so, peace would be far more difficult than it is today.

He immediately returned to his prepared speech. He thatiked the University for its contributions to peace and without hesitation apologizedto the press for not giving them an advance copy of his speech. He saidhe wanted to talk personally mid informally to the audience. He appearedto want to use a miuiu.script speech—but the nature and activities of theaudience altered those plans, for it bec-ame clear that he could not followany planned sequence of thought.He then stated that the United States must "think long mid hard about

how we build a powerful peace in the World." Probably in response toaudience jeers, he expressed hope that those present could at least agreethat that was the central question, "despite differences of view about howwe get there. . . ." To shouts of "drop the bomb," and "it's wrong," he faltered: "I'll—I'll—conic—I'll come to that—I'll come to that."

Indiauu Daily Sttident, October 31, 1967, p. I.Ibid, Octolwr 28, 1967.Indiana Daily Studenl, November 1, 1967, p. 1.Ibid. The following (juotiitions have been taken from a tape recording of the

event at Indiana University.

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Rusk explained that the older generation may have made mistakes, butthey have also gained experience; however, the younger generation couldsupply "fresh hopes" to old ideas. The audience interjected shouts throughout the explanation.As he began to develop the history of the framing of the United Nations

Charter in 1945, the audience started its own dialogue: "Shut up and lethim talk." He appeased the audience by asking them to "re-read" ArticleOne of the United Nations' Charter. Then he related selected acts of.aggression starting with World War I, associating each with the appropriateperiods in his life. Throughout this portion of the speech were shouts of"napalm," "Fascist," "like us," and "just like the Americans went intoVietnam."

After relating incidents since 1945 that proved the power of Article Oneof the United Nations' Charter, shouts began again: "What about Cuba?","We're her ally!", "Where is the United Nations?" Rusk commented, "We'llhave a question time in a moment." This initiated 17 seconds of applause,shouts, and laughter.

After 11 minutes of speaking. Rusk explicitly used the word "Vietnam"for the first time. He claimed that the Vietnamese issue "has to do withthe prospect of organizing peace throughout the vast Pacific area . . ." anarea in which the United States has alliances with several other countries.He said, "If we are to prevent war, those who might become our adversariesmust know in advance that these alliances mean what they say." An 18second interruption of applause, mixed with boos and shouts, followed.Rusk explained the importance of maintaining the treaties and then

viewed "South Vietnam specifically on a number of points." We are therebecause of the North Vietnamese's aggression; we have attempted to bargainwith Hanoi; we need to settle division by peace not violence. Hecklerscontinued their efforts.

He proceeded: "Now as to negotiations," and was interrupted by shouts:Now, now!" "What about NLF?" Rusk reacted with "1 agree, now." Heclaimed that he will meet Hanoi in any capital to talk peace. Again adissenter shouted, "What about the NLF?" Rusk responded:

As far as the NLF is concerned. President Johnson has said that obtainingthe view of the NLF is not an insuperable problem in negotiations. Iam prepared to negotiate that point with someone who can stop thebombing. There is no point in my negotiating with you. . . . We areprepared to negotiate today without any conditions whatever.

Six seconds of shouting halted Rusk. He explained that the United Stateswanted to talk, but Hanoi fust wants a "permanent and unconditionalcessation of bombing of the North. At this point, a wild outbreak of shoutingseized the audience. For 40 seconds they booed, applauded, and shouted,"Why don't you do it?" This dissension forced Dean Rusk to clarify thesituation with an analogy.

I am sure you would agree that if we said there could be talks only ifall the violence in South Vietnam stopped while we continued to bombthe North, you would say that we are crazy. Why then—why then doesit appear to be a reasonable proposition when North Vietnam makesexactly the same proposal in reverse?

Hecklers shouted "It's their country." "Get out." Again he exclaimed thatwe are prepared to talk peace.

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Finally he turned to the word "escalation" which precipitated anotherdialogue with the audience. A shout rang from the audience: "It's yourword." Rusk contended that everythiiig we do in Vietnam i.s tagged escalation; no one calls any advancements by North Vietnamese escalation. Inthis explanation he stated: "Today North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forcesare in Cambodia." When a heckler shouted, "So are ours," Rusk answered,"There're no—there're no American forces in Cambodia." After a di.ssenterretorted, "Lies," Rusk continued; "Their moving into Camiiodia has notbeen called esciilation." The crowd interrupted again: "Why not!" "It'stheir country!" Hearty applause started while Rusk made another attemptto speak: "It is the country of . . ." again applause drowned his words."Seventeen million South Vietnamese have a rather different view of whosecountry it is." Stronger shouts started: "It's not our countiy." "If youwanta' go, I'll buy you a ticket." .After 25 seconds of shouts, laughter,applause, audience dialogue, and Rusk's contemplation of temper control,he calmly turned to Doc-tor Starr: "President Starr, this . , . makes me ratheranxious to get to the question and answer time. Suppose we start that rightnow."

President Starr attempted to shame the group by referring to the University's tradition of free speech and pointing out that many wanted tolisten and that no one had to remain. Me then called for questions. Theshouts continued, although less severe, throughout the (luestiou and answerperiod.At one point during the (juestioii period, a lady hit a heckler with her

umbrella, causing the audience to break into a chant of "Hit him again,harder, harder." followed by 50 seconds of applause.At the conclu.sion of the (luestion period. Rusk thanked the group before

making his departure.

I have some letters from a number of you before I came up here, lettersfrom some who are .supporting us in Vietnam and some who were opposingin Vietnam. But . . . both letters told me tJiat I would have a wann

welcome. You've not disappointed ine. Thank you very much ladiesand gentlemen.

The audience applauded and shouted strongly for 22 seconds durmg astanding ovation.

Rusk seemed to invite his treatment throughout the speech. He spokedeliberately, pausing often as though he were deciding whether or not tocontinue speaking. These pauses afforded an agreeable environment forhecklers in the audieiK-e. Some paiuses were so long that one wonderedif he had finished spciiking.

His style bears the marks of a politician. Ho was evasive and wordy,and covered few major points. Rusk employed occasional analogies, oftenused repetition and tried to secure identification with his audience. Hefrequently repeated the phrase, "think long and hard," once deviating to"think long and soberly." He emphasized by prolonging the [o] sound in"kmg," and trilling the [r] in "hard." As the audience anticipated, he broughtwith him no new ideas, and they were prepared for his old remarks.

After his speech, policemen standing shoulder-to-shonlder helped Ruskto a waiting car. Supporting demonstrators tried to surround Rusk forprotection.''' There were no attempts to harm Secretary Rusk; however,

Interview with Robert Tyrcll.

56




one girl broke through the hue and threw herself in front of a police car.An officer removed her from the path of the car.^'^

Although University officials anticipated the possibility of violence, theywere greatly relieved when the dissension went no further than noise.Russell Block claims that his group carried out plans to precision, andRobert Tyrell feels his group performed well too.^®Some people felt apologetic. Some complained that they did not get to

hear Rusk's complete speech while others contended that Rusk said what hewould have said anyhow. Tony Allen, an Indiana University student, madea distinction between two types of heckling: one keeps a person from makinghis point; the other does not. The latter, he believed, characterized Rusk'sspeech.®®

Because of Rusk's increasing war image and his experiences with otheranti-war groups, he was not surprised with the demonstrators at IndianaUniversity. One may even contend that Rusk felt a sense of accomplishment.There were basically three distinct groups that heard his speech; one groupwas anti-war; one pro-war; and the third was neutral. When hecklersinterrupted Rusk, many neutrals became sympathetic. Although the purposeof the demonstrations was probably not to win members for each group,at the end of Rusk's speech, the counter-demonstrators had undoubtedlywon the support of many more neutrals than the anti-war demonstratorshad won. Anti-war demonstrators did not completely defeat Rusk, for whenhe left Indiana University Dean Rusk had far more sympathizers than whenhe arrived.

Indiana Daily Student, November 1, 1967, p. 1.Indianapolis Star, November 1, 1967, p. 6.Interviews with Robert Tyrell and Russell Block.Indiana Daily Student, November 1, 1967, p. 4.

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Chapters and SponsorsChapter Nome, Address Faculty Sponsor

Alabama, University, Ala. Annabel D. HogcodAlbion, Albion, Mich - D. Duone AngelAlma, Almo, Mich Robert W. SmithAmericon, Washington, D. C. Jerome B. PoliskyArkansas, Fayetteville, Ark. Jack GregoryAuburn, Auburn, Ala .. . Marsha Trew

Boil State, Muncie, Ind. Dovid W. ShepordBates, Lewiston, Maine - Brooks QuimbyBerea, Bereo, Ky Margaret D. McCoyBirminghom-Southern, Birmingham, Ala Robert A. E^aytonBridgeport, Bridgeport, Conn. C. F. Evans, Jr.Bridgewoter, Bridgewoter, Vc. Roger E. SoppingtonBrighom Young, Provo, Utah Jed J. RichordsonBrooklyn, Brooklyn, N. Y Donald SpringenBrown, Providence, R. I.Bucknell, Lewisburg, Pa Frank W. MerrittButler, Indionopolis, Ind Nicholos M. Cripe

California Stote, Long Beach, Calif Jock HoweCopital, Columbus, Ohio Thomas S. LudlumCase-Western Reserve, Cleveland, Ohio Donald Morston

Cloir Henderlider

Chicago, Chicogo, III. .... Richard L, LaVarnwayCincinnati, Cincinnoti, Ohio Rudolph F. VerderberClemson, Clemson, S. C Arthur FearColgate, Homilton, N. Y H. G. BehlerColorodo, Boulder, Colo. George MatterColorado College, Colorodo Springs, Colo. Jomes A. JohnsonConnecticut, Storrs, Conn. .... Joseph SeocristCornell, Ithoco, N. Y. Arthur W. RovlneCornell, Mt. Vernon, Iowa Walter F. StromerCreighton, Omoha, Neb. Rev. H. J. McAuliffe, S.J.C. W. Post College of L. I. Univ., Greenvole, N. Y. Arthur N. Kruger

Dortmouth, Hanover, N. H Herbert L. JomesDavidson, Davidson, N. C Rev. Will TerryDenison, Gronville, Ohio - - — W. R. DresserDenver, Denver, Colorado Glen StricklondDePauw, Greencastle, Ind. Robert 0. WeissDickinson, Carlisle, Pa. . Herbert WingDuke, Durham, N. C Joseph Coble Weatherby

Eastern Kentucky Stote, Richmond, Ky. Aimee Alexonder, Robert KingElizabethtown, Elizobethtown, Penn. Jobie RiieyEmerson, Boston, Moss. - - - John C. ZochorisEmory and Henry, Emory, Va H. Alon PickrellEmory, Atlonto, Ga. — Glenn PelhamEvonsville, Evansville, Ind. Lynne J. Mlody

Florida, Gainesville, Flo - — Donald E. WilliamsFlorido State, Tollohossee, Flo. Gregg Phifer

Georgio, Athens, Ga Richard C. HusemonGeorge Washington, Woshington, D. C. George F. Henigon, Jr.Grinnell, Grinnell, Iowa William VonderpoolHomilton, Clinton, N. Y. J. Franklin HuntHampden-Sydney, Hompden-Sydney, Vo D. M. Allon

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Chapter Nome, Address Faculty Sponsor

Hampton Institute, Hampton, Vo. -Hanover, Honover, Ind. .Hertford, Hartford, Conn. ..Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii . .Hirom, Hirom, OhioHoward, Washington, D. C.

Idaho, Moscow, IdahoIllinois, Urbana, III.Indiana, Bioomington, Ind _Indiana State, Terre Haute, Ind.Iowa State, Ames, lowo .lowo, State College of Cedar Foils, lowo . ..lowo, lowo City, lowo -

John Corroll, Clevelond, Ohio

Konsas, Lawrence, Kansos -

Konsas State, Manhattan, KansasKentucky, Lexington, Ky .Kings, Wilkes Barre, PaKnox, Galesburg, III

Lehigh, Bethlehem, Pa.Lincoln Memorial, Harrogote, TennLouisiana State, Baton Rouge, La. -Loyolo, Baltimore, MdLoyolo, Chicago, III.

Manchester, North Manchester, Ind. -Mankato State, Monkato, MinnMarquette, Milwaukee, Wise. -Maryland, College Pork, Md.Massachusetts, Amherst, Moss.Memphis Stote, Memphis, TennMercer, Mocon, Georgia _ _Miami, Coral Gables, Fla.Miomi, Oxford, OhioMichigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. -Michigan State, East Lonsing, MichMinnesoto, Minneapolis, Minn. .Missouri, Columbia, Mo .

Montona, Missoula, Mont.Morehouse, Atlanta, Ga.Morgan State, Boltimore, MdMount Mercy, Pittsburgh, Pa.Murroy State, Murray, Ky. ...Muskingum, New Concord, Ohio

Nebroska, Lincoln, Neb. _

Nevoda, Reno, Nev. _ _New Hampshire, Durhom, N. H. ..New Mexico, Albuquerque, N. M.New Mexico Highlands, Las Vegas, N. M.

New York (Univ. Hts.), New York, N. Y. ..New York (Wosh. Sq.), New York, N. Y. .

North Carolina, Chopel Hill, N. C. _

North Dokoto, Grond Forks, N. D.Northwestern, Evanston, III. .Notre Dome, Notre Dame, Ind. . . . .

Marion Smith

Stonley B. WheaterMolthon Anopol

Dean Ellis

. Fronk llersich

Leroy Giles

. . Scotti Hecht

. Joseph W. WenzelE. C. Chenoweth

Otis J. AggerttJames Weaver

. . Lillian R. Wogner

Gene Eakins

. . . Austin J. Freeley

. .. Donn W. Parson

Jock Kingsley_ . _ . Gifford Blyton

Robert E. ConnellyDonold L. Torrence

H. Borrett Davis

Earl H. Smith

Harold Mixon

Stephen W. McNiernayElaine Koprouski

. Ronald L. Aungst

. - Larry SchnoorJohn Lewinski

Jon M. FitzgeraldRonold Matlon

. . Chorles Wise

- - Mrs. Gerre G. Price

J. Robert Olion

Jock A. SamoskyC. William Colburn

Ted R. Jackson

.. . Bernard L. Brock

— James Gibson

Robert Boren

Robert Brisbane

Harold B. ChinnThomas A. HopkinsJomes Albert Tracy

Judson Ellerton

Donald O. Olson

Robert S. Griffin

— William O. Gilsdorp

. W. C. Eubonk

Welter F. Brunet

Norman Puffett

- David LeohyPaul E. Brandes

Troy T. BakerThomas B. McCloin

Leonard Sommer

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Chapter Name, Address Focultv Sponsor

Oberlin, Oberlin, Ohio - Daniel M. RoherOccidentol, Los Angeles, Colif Franklin ModisettOhio, Athens, Ohio Ted J. FosterOhio State, Columbus, Ohio — - Horold LawsonOhio Wesleyon, Delaware, Ohio - - Ed RobinsonOklahoma, Norman, Oklo. . . . Poul BarefieldOregon, Eugene, Ore .. W. Scott NoblesOregon State, Corvoilis, Ore Thurston E. Doler

Pacific, Forest Grove, Ore - . Albert C. Hingston

Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Po Miceol P. CarrPennsylvania Stote, University Park, Po. - Clayton H. SchugPittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. Thomas KanePurdue, Lafayette, Ind. John Monsmo

Queens College, Flushing, N. Y. _ Howard I. Streifford

Rondolph-Mocon, Ashlond, Va. - - - Edgar E. MacDonaldRhode Island, Kingston, R. I - Richard W. RothRichmond, Richmond, Va Max GroeperRoonoke, Solem, Va William R. CoulterRochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, N. Y. Joseph FitzpatrickRollins, Winter Pork, Flo Dean F. GraunkeRutgers, New Brunswick, N. J E. James Goodwin

St. Anselm's, Manchester, N. H John A. LynchSt. Cloud Stote, St. Cloud, Minn. William R. McClearySt. Lawrence, Conton, N. Y. - - -. Robert N. ManningSomford University, Birmingham, Ala. . - Brad BishopSon Francisco State, San Froncisco, Calif. - - Henry E. McGuckin, Jr.University of Colifornia, Santo Barbara, Colif. - Kathy CoreySouth Corolino, Columbia, S. C Merrill G. ChristophersenSouth Dokoto, Vermillion, S. D, . _ . Hal R. UpchurchSouthern Colifornio, Los Angeles, Calif. -- James McBathSouthern Methodist, Dallos, Texas Virginia GondySouthwest Missouri Stote, Springfield, Mo. Don StontonSpring Hill College, Mobile, Ala - Betfie HudgensStanford, Palo Alto, Calif - - Kenneth E. MosierStote Univ. of N. Y. at Albany, Albony, N. Y. - . Jeanine RiceState Univ. of N. Y,, Harpur College, Binghomton Eugene VosilewSusquehanna, Selinsgrove, Penn Lorry AusustineSyracuse, Syracuse, N. Y. - Poul R. McKee

Tompo, Tempo, Flo - - Hugh FellowsTemple, Philadelphia, Pa - - - . Ralph TowneTennessee, Knoxville, Tenn - Normo C. CookTexas, Austin, Texas - J. Rex WierTexas Technologicol, Lubbock, Texas P. Merville LorsonTulone, New Orleans, La - Lester J. Keyser

Ursinus, Collegeville, Pa. Joseph E. VonnucchiUtoh, Salt Lake City, Utoh - George A. AdomsonUtah State, Logan, Utah Rex E. Robinson

Vonderbilt, Noshville, Tenn Randall M. Fisher

Vermont, Burlington, Vt. - Robert HuberVirginia, Charlottesville, Vo. Stanford P. GwinVirginio Polytechnic, Blacksburg, Va. - E. A. Honcock

Wobosh, Crowfordsville, Ind. Joseph O'Rourke, Jr.Woke Forest, Winston-Salem, N. C Merwyn HayesWoshington, St. Louis, Mo Herbert E. Metz

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Chapter Name, Address Faculty Sponsor

Washington, Seattle, Wash Dr. Donald DouglasWashington ond Jefferson, Woshington, Po Robert J. BrindleyWashington and Lee, Lexington, Va. William W. ChoffinWashington State, Pullman, Wosh. — - Janice MillerWayne State, Detroit, Mich. . . . George W. ZiegelmuellerWaynesburg, Woynesburg, Pa. . Deboroh M. BlockwoodWeber Stote, Ogden, Utah John 8. HebestreetWesleyon, Middletown, Conn - Marguerite G. PettyWestern Kentucky State, Bowling Green, Ky Randall CappsWestern Michigan, Kolamazoo, Mich Charles R. Helgesen,

Deldee Herman

Westminster, New Wilmington, Pa. Walter E. ScheidWest Virginio, Morgontown, W. Va. Williom L. BarnettWhittier, Whittier, Cclif - Gerald G. PaulWichita Stote, Wichita, Kansas Mel MoorhouseWillamette, Salem, Ore Howard W. RunkelWilliam and Mary, Williamsburg, Vo. - Donold L. McConkeyWisconsin, Madison, Wis. -- David VoncilWisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wis. . ... . Raymond H. MyersWittenburg, Springfield, Ohio Ernest DoykoWooster, Wooster, Ohio Gerold H. SandersWyoming, Larcmie, Wyo. B. Woyne Collawoy

Xovier, Cincinnati, Ohio Mark A. Greenberger

Yole, New Hoven, Conn. Rollin G. OsterweisYeshivo, New York, N. Y - David Fleisher

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