Fairmode meeting 11.04.2013

ETC/ACM task manager: Ulrike Döring, Öko- InstitutETC/ACM deputy manager: Christian Nagl, Umweltbundesamt Vienna

Compilation of urban emission inventories as analysed within the Air Implementation Pilot

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BackgroundProblem: Air quality in cities still remains a problem in Europe.

=> NOx & particle emissions

=> greenhouse gas emissions

Main sources here: transport, construction machinery, residential sector.

For improving the situation a review of the existing EU strategy on air pollution and climate change mitigation policy started in 2012 - integrated in an Air Implementation Pilot project.

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BackgroundAir Implementation Pilot

=> Joint EEA – DG ENV project

=> Focused on cities in the EU.

Set-up for modelling activities under FAIRMODE task in ETC/ACM’s Implementation Plans of 2012 and 2013!

AIP OBJECTIVES Share experiences among pilot cities; Develop proposals for improved implementation; Share experiences with other cities; Not intended to solve AQ problems, but improve information base for

future action.

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Objectives for the two city pilot projects

1a) Analysis of existing initiatives and projects & local initiatives in the CC/AP mitigation field

& 1b) questionnaires of city inventories

2. Overview & understanding of the results of the studies

3. Where are the gaps and what can we learn?

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Structured in four main groups

• project group• contact• finances• duration of project

General issues

• pollutants• methodology (EF, AD)• data handling & availability• updates

Emission inventories at local level

• availability of information• good practices

Information on policies & measures

• project conclusions• findings• sharing of network

Other

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Why emission inventories (EI)?

• Identification of the local sources of pollution;

• Knowledge on the contribution each source;

• Identification & implementation of measures to improve local air quality;

• Monitoring the calculated change in emissions with time.

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Emission trends & reports

Source: EEA, EU National Inventory Report, 2012

Source: EEA, European Union emission inventory report 1990–2010 under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) , 2012

Comparability of different approaches

Availability of data

Guidance, QA/QC

Use of co-benefits (pollutants)

Use of EI

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Main questions:

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Choise of city projects (in total 11 projects): • Covenant of Mayors (CoM) • Common Information to European Air, CiteAir• EU CO2 80/50 Project

Selection of cities: Antwerp, Berlin, Madrid, Malmö, Paris, Plovdiv, Vienna, Vilnius, Milan, Ploieşti, Prague.

Dublin started preparing an EI.

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Main results - use of EI

City Identification of sources Modelling Identifying

measuresCovenant of Mayors (CoM)

CiteAir

EU CO2 80/50 Project

Antwerp, Berlin, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Ploieşti, Prague, Vienna, Vilnius

Malmö Plovdiv

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Main results - pollutantsO

blig

atio

n

Cove

nant

of

May

ors

(CoM

)

Cite

Air

II

EU C

O2

80/5

0 Pr

ojec

t

Antw

erp

Berl

in

Mad

rid,

Par

is

Mal

mö

Mila

n

Ploi

eşti

Plov

div

Prag

ue

Vien

na

Viln

ius

NEC, AQD (NO2)

NEC, AQD

NEC, AQD

NEC

AQD

AQD, GP

AQD

AQD

DD4

DD4

UNFCCC CO2

NEC: National Emission Ceiling Directive 2001/81/EC, AQD: Air Quality Directive 2008/50/ECDD4: 4th Daughter Directive 2004/107/EC, GP: revised Gothenburg Protocol under the CLRTAPUNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

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Main results – co-benefits CC/AQ

City/ Projects AQ in climate change Climate change in AQCovenant of Mayors (CoM) Not applicable Not applicableCiteAir II Not applicable PartlyEU CO2 80/50 Project Not applicable Not applicable

Antwerp partly partlyBerlin, Paris, Ploieşti, Vienna

Madrid PartlyMalmö No information provided PartlyMilan No information provided

Plovdiv, Prague, Vilnius Not applicable Not applicable

Impact of AQ/CC measures in CC/AQ

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Main results - internal guidanceCity Internal Guidance

Covenant of Mayors (CoM) SEAP guidelines

CiteAir II Guidebook on integrated emission inventories (also: IMACE database and IMACE guidebook)

EU CO2 80/50 Project Metropolitan Mitigation Measures Sourcebook

Antwerpen, Berlin, Madrid, Paris, Plovdiv, Vienna & Vilnius

No

Malmö Gustafsson (2007)

MilanMethodology and information available at: http://www.inemar.eu/xwiki/bin/view/InemarDatiWeb/Metodologia+utilizzata

Ploieşti Report - guidance on developing local and national emission inventories in conformity with EMEP/EEA – 2009

Prague URM Internal Guidelines for EI

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Main results – data availabilityCity Emission data

Covenant of Mayors (CoM) Eurocities networkCiteAir internet presentation of the resultsEU CO2 80/50 Project network platform

Antwerp Annual report on the VMM websiteBerlin Web based GIS toolMadrid & Milan Web based reportMalmö Annual report and a web toolParis AIRPARIF websitePloieşti Environmental situation reportPlovdiv Partly in air quality progammePrague Web based report, dataVienna & Vilnius No

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Main results – Reference for EFCity References

Covenant of Mayors (CoM) GHG: IPCCCiteAir Guidebook on integrated emission inventories (also: IMACE database and IMACE guidebook)EU CO2 80/50 Project GHG: IPCC

Antwerp CR-CORINAIR

traffic: IMMIS-em: (modelled), HBEFA 3.1 (www.hbefa.net)

tyre abrasion and resuspension: Düring & Lohmeyer (2004)evaporative losses: HBEFA3.1heating: Umeg (2000)construction machinery: Ifeu (2004)

Madrid GHG: IPCC; AP: EMEP/CORINAIR; traffic: COPERT 4

Malmö no information provided

Milan, Ploiesti GHG: IPCC; AP: EMEP/CORINAIR

Parisnational guidance CITEP (http://www.citepa.org/images/III-1_Rapports_Inventaires/OMINEA_9eme%20edition%202012sec.zip) and EMEP/CORINAIR

Plovdiv CR-CORINAIR, HBEFA, CS-country specific, PS-plant specific

Prague EMEP/CORINAIR, national guidance for traffic emissions

Vienna EMEP/CORINAIR, HBEFA

Berlin

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Main results - comparability City Comparability

Covenant of Mayors (CoM) applied guidelines yes, inventories noCiteAir No

EU CO2 80/50 Project No

Antwerp Yes (downscaled from the regional inventory)

Berlin Not comparable to other cities

MadridTheoretically yes: The Municipal Inventory is contrasted with the national and regional inventories

MalmöFully comparable with the regional (Scania) EI and the Göteborg EI, partly comparable to the Stockholm EI (bottom-up), but not directly comparable to the national EI (mostly top-down)

Milan Yes (regional inventory containing data on each city in the region; the methodology is shared with 6 further regions and 2 provinces)

Paris Yes, other regional inventories are built with the same methodologies

Ploieşti, Prague, Vilnius No

Plovdiv & Vienna Yes

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Conclusions

• Good quality input data is essential (e.g. on traffic statistics, household combustion practices, construction emissions );

• There are significant differences in comparability, completeness and consistency between the inventories;

• Currently the EI can be used for qualitative assessments on a European level. Use for modelling or source apportionment requires substantial effort for harmonization.

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Conclusions• Necessity for improved guidance for estimating fugitive and diffuse

emissions (e.g. resuspension from traffic, construction work etc.), emissions of residential heating, future traffic emissions and for QA/QC in general;

• Several cities and city projects consider and integrate synergies between management of air quality and greenhouse gases when planning action plans or measures.

Brochure: compilation of guidance material

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Thank you!

Christian Nagl+43-1-31304-5866, christian.nagl@umweltbundesamt.at

Ulrike Döring+49-30-405085-303, u.doering@oeko.de

Contacts

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1. Covenant of Mayors (CoM) 2. Megapoli3. CityZen, mega CITY - Zoom for the Environment4. Soot free cities campaign5. European Green City Index6. Common Information to European Air, CiteAir7. METREX - The Network of European Metropolitan Regions and Areas8. InterMETREXplus Project9. EUCO2 80/50 Project10.Climate Cities Benchmark (CCB)11. Fairmode

11 city projects were analysed!