COMPETITION IN PILOTAGE: IS IT APPROPRIATE?marineandcommerce.com/files/mc0811AliComert.pdf ·...

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Here, I will summarize the opinions of the Turkish Maritime Pilots’ Association on the draft in general, as well as on pilotage services, which have already been submitted to the Undersecretariat in details, and address particularly the competition issue in the field. As stated in the first Article of the Draft Regulations, the purpose of the regulations is to ensure safety of navigation and manoeuvring of ships, as well as of the life, property and marine environment. We consider it required to emphasize once again that pilotage services are public services serving to this very purpose. Pilotage services are a responsibility of the port and coastal nations to ensure navigational safety and protect the marine environment. One of the essential requirements for a port to be considered safe is provision of appropriate and sufficient pilotage services. The precondition for provision of the pilotage services in such a way to ensure safety of navigation and manoeuvring, as well as safety of life, property and marine environment, is that the maritime pilots are not subject to any commercial pressures or interests. This can be ensured through provision of these services either by state organizations or by professional associations or similar organizations supported and protected by the state, as seen in other developed maritime nations. Pilotage services independent and free from commercial interests and commercial pressures are to the benefit of all stakeholders in the long term. Based on this principle, we hope and wish that the draft regulations would make contributions to the Turkish maritime and shipping industries, and protect the supreme interests of our country, nation and next generations, as well as of all stakeholders. However, when we look at the current draft regulations in general, we can see that they contain provisions contrary to the generally accepted practices in the world and to our national legislation and the Decisions of the Council of State and the Competition Authority, as well as to the established basic principles in terms of provision of pilotage services. When the draft is examined in general, we see contradictions to the Cabotage Law, as well as priorities given to coastal and port facilities. Paragraph (d) of the Article 6 stipulates that employees must be of Turkish nationality, but it does not contain any provisions regarding the shareholders of companies in the field. Even though the “pilotage services” are exclusively reserved for the Turkish citizens, consequently prohibited for foreign nationals under the Turkish Cabotage Law, the Draft Regulations do not contain stipulation that the shareholders of a company, to which pilotage licenses would be given, must be of Turkish national. In this sense, the Draft Regulations are contrary to the Cabotage Law. The Regulations must contain the stipulation that all shareholders and the whole share capital of companies/organizations that will provide pilotage services are of Turkish national. CONTRARY TO GENERALLY ACCEPTED PRACTICES IN THE WORLD Because the primary purpose of the pilotage services is to ensure safety of life, property, ships, navigation, cargoes and maritime environment, pilotage services are considered public services. Müsteflarl›¤›m›za bildirdi¤imiz görüfllerimizi bu yaz› kapsam›nda özetle belirterek, özellikle rekabet konusunun üzerinde duraca¤›m. Yönetmelik tasla¤›nda, birinci maddede de belirtildi¤i gibi düzen- lemelerin amac› gemilerin seyir ve manevra emniyeti ile denizde can, mal ve çevre emniyetini sa¤lamakt›r. Bu amaçtan hareketle k›lavuzluk hizmetlerinin bu amaca yönelik kamusal özellikli hiz- metler oldu¤unu bir kez daha ifade etmeyi uygun buluyoruz. K›la- vuzluk hizmetleri seyir emniyetinin ve deniz çevresinin korunmas›- n›n teminine yönelik olarak liman ve k›y› devletinin bir sorumlulu- ¤udur. Bir liman›n emniyetli bir liman olarak kabul edilebilmesi- nin baflta gelen koflullar›ndan biri de orada uygun ve yeterli sevi- yede k›lavuzluk hizmetinin veriliyor olmas›d›r. K›lavuzluk hizmet- lerinin seyir ve manevra emniyeti ile denizde can, mal ve çevre em- niyetini sa¤layacak flekilde verilebilmesinin koflulu bu hizmetleri veren k›lavuz kaptanlar›n üzerinde ticari etki ve bask›lar›n olma- mas›d›r. Bunu sa¤laman›n yolu da bu hizmetlerin ya devlet eliyle verilmesi, ya da devletin destek ve korumas› alt›nda geliflmifl de- nizci ülkelerde örnekleri bulunan meslek birlikleri veya benzeri oluflumlarca verilmesidir. Ticari taraflardan dolay›s›yla ticari bask›lardan ba¤›ms›z k›lavuz- luk hizmeti sonuç olarak ve uzun vadede tüm ticari taraflar›n da yarar›nad›r. Bu ilkeden hareketle, yönetmelik taslak çal›flmas›n›n denizcili¤imizin ve deniz ticaretimizin geliflimine katk›da buluna- cak, ülkemizin, milletimizin ve gelecek kuflaklar›m›z›n yüce men- faatleri baflta olmak üzere ilgili tüm taraflar›n ç›kar ve memnuni- yetlerini hakkaniyet ölçüsüyle gözetecek bir çal›flma olmas›n› umuyor ve temenni ediyoruz. Fakat mevcut taslak yönetmeli¤in maddelerinin geneline bakt›¤›m›zda dünyadaki genel temel uygu- lamalara ve ülkemizde ulusal mevzuat›m›z ile Dan›fltay ve Reka- bet Kurulu Kararlar›na ters düflen, k›lavuzluk hizmetlerinin verili- fli bak›m›ndan yerleflmifl olan ana temel ilkelere ayk›r› hükümler getirdi¤i görülmektedir. Taslak genel olarak incelendi¤inde Kabo- taj Kanununa ayk›r›l›klar, k›y› ve liman tesislerine verilen öncelik- ler göze çarpmaktad›r. 6. maddenin (d) bendinde çal›flanlar›n Türk vatandafl› olmas› gerekti¤i belirtilirken flirket ortaklar›ndan söz edilmemifltir. Kabotaj Kanununa göre, “k›lavuzluk hizmetleri” münhas›ran Türk vatandafllar›na tahsis edilmifl, dolay›s›yla yaban- c›lara yasaklanm›fl hizmetlerden olmas›na karfl›n, Taslak Yönet- meli¤in teflkilat izni verilecek flirketlerde aranacak flartlar aras›n- da, ortaklar›n›n Türk vatandafl› olma flart› aranmam›flt›r. Bu ha- liyle Taslak Yönetmelik, Kabotaj Kanunu’na ayk›r› bulunmakta- d›r. Yönetmelikte, k›lavuzluk hizmeti verecek flirketlerde/kurulufl- larda ortaklar›n›n ve sermayesinin tamam›n›n, Türk vatandafl› olmas›/ ait olmas› flartlar› aranmal›d›r. DÜNYADAK‹ GENEL TEMEL UYGULAMALARA TERS K›lavuzluk hizmetlerinin temel amac› can, mal, gemi, seyir, yük ve çevre güvenli¤ini sa¤lamak ve korumak oldu¤undan, k›lavuzluk hizmetleri kamusal hizmetler say›lmaktad›r. Bu nedenle k›lavuz kaptanlar verdikleri hizmetler ile ve bu hizmetler s›ras›nda, gerek kurallar› uygulayarak gerekse uygulanmas›n› sa¤layarak, kamu menfaatlerini de korumakla görevlidirler. Bu görevlerini yerine getirebilmeleri için, hizmetlerle ilgili olan gemi sahibi, yük sahibi, acenteler, sigortac›lar ve liman iflletmecileri gibi ticari menfaat EVALUATION // DE/ERLEND‹RME MARINE&COMMERCE A/USTOS 2011 035 B u konuda halihaz›rda geçerli bir yönetmeli¤in olmad›¤› düflünüldü¤ün- de, konunun kriterlerinin belir- lendi¤i bir çal›flmaya bafllan- mas› nedeniyle öncelikle Müs- teflarl›¤›m›za teflekkür ederiz. Umar›z ki bu çal›flmalar biz k›lavuz kaptanlar›n ve ilgili tüm taraflar›n katk›lar›yla bir an önce gelifltirilerek geliflmifl denizci ülkelerde benzerleri bulunan bir K›lavuzluk Kanu- nu haz›rlan›r. Türk K›lavuz Kaptanlar Derne- ¤i olarak tasla¤›n geneline ve özellikle K›lavuzluk hizmetleri- ne iliflkin ayr›nt›l› biçimde EVALUATION // DE/ERLEND‹RME MARINE&COMMERCE AUGUST 2011 034 COMPETITION IN PILOTAGE: IS IT APPROPRIATE? KILAVUZLUKTA REKABET OLUR MU? DR. CAPT. AL‹ CÖMERT C onsidering the fact that there are no regulations currently in effect in this field, we would, in the first place, like to express our gratitude to the Undersecretariat for commencing the process of establishing the relevant criteria. We hope that these efforts would be ramped up as soon as possible through contributions by us, the maritime pilots, and all other stakeholders, and we would ultimately have a Pilotage Law, as in other developed maritime nations. The Turkish Undersecretariat for Maritime Affairs has recently prepared the “Draft Regulations on Permissions to be granted to Pilotage and Towage Service Organizations” and sent the same to some stakeholders for review and feedback. Denizcilik Müsteflarl›¤›m›zca “K›lavuzluk ve Römorkörcülük Hizmetleri Teflkilatlar›na Verilecek ‹zinler Hakk›nda Yönetmelik Tasla¤›” ad› alt›nda bir Taslak Yönetmelik haz›rlanm›fl ve görüfle sunulmufltur.

Transcript of COMPETITION IN PILOTAGE: IS IT APPROPRIATE?marineandcommerce.com/files/mc0811AliComert.pdf ·...

Page 1: COMPETITION IN PILOTAGE: IS IT APPROPRIATE?marineandcommerce.com/files/mc0811AliComert.pdf · Pilots’ Association on the draft in general, as well as on pilotage services, ... lerinin

Here, I will summarize the opinions of the Turkish MaritimePilots’ Association on the draft in general, as well as on pilotageservices, which have already been submitted to theUndersecretariat in details, and address particularly thecompetition issue in the field. As stated in the first Article of theDraft Regulations, the purpose of the regulations is to ensuresafety of navigation and manoeuvring of ships, as well as of thelife, property and marine environment. We consider it requiredto emphasize once again that pilotage services are publicservices serving to this very purpose. Pilotage services are aresponsibility of the port and coastal nations to ensurenavigational safety and protect the marine environment. One ofthe essential requirements for a port to be considered safe isprovision of appropriate and sufficient pilotage services. Theprecondition for provision of the pilotage services in such a wayto ensure safety of navigation and manoeuvring, as well as safetyof life, property and marine environment, is that the maritimepilots are not subject to any commercial pressures or interests.This can be ensured through provision of these services either bystate organizations or by professional associations or similarorganizations supported and protected by the state, as seen inother developed maritime nations.

Pilotage services independent and free from commercial interestsand commercial pressures are to the benefit of all stakeholders inthe long term. Based on this principle, we hope and wish that thedraft regulations would make contributions to the Turkishmaritime and shipping industries, and protect the supremeinterests of our country, nation and next generations, as well as ofall stakeholders. However, when we look at the current draftregulations in general, we can see that they contain provisionscontrary to the generally accepted practices in the world and toour national legislation and the Decisions of the Council of Stateand the Competition Authority, as well as to the established basicprinciples in terms of provision of pilotage services. When the draftis examined in general, we see contradictions to the Cabotage Law,as well as priorities given to coastal and port facilities. Paragraph(d) of the Article 6 stipulates that employees must be of Turkishnationality, but it does not contain any provisions regarding theshareholders of companies in the field. Even though the “pilotageservices” are exclusively reserved for the Turkish citizens,consequently prohibited for foreign nationals under the TurkishCabotage Law, the Draft Regulations do not contain stipulationthat the shareholders of a company, to which pilotage licenseswould be given, must be of Turkish national. In this sense, theDraft Regulations are contrary to the Cabotage Law. TheRegulations must contain the stipulation that all shareholders andthe whole share capital of companies/organizations that willprovide pilotage services are of Turkish national.

CONTRARY TO GENERALLY ACCEPTED PRACTICESIN THE WORLD

Because the primary purpose of the pilotage services is to ensuresafety of life, property, ships, navigation, cargoes and maritimeenvironment, pilotage services are considered public services.

Müsteflarl›¤›m›za bildirdi¤imiz görüfllerimizi bu yaz› kapsam›ndaözetle belirterek, özellikle rekabet konusunun üzerinde duraca¤›m.Yönetmelik tasla¤›nda, birinci maddede de belirtildi¤i gibi düzen-lemelerin amac› gemilerin seyir ve manevra emniyeti ile denizdecan, mal ve çevre emniyetini sa¤lamakt›r. Bu amaçtan hareketlek›lavuzluk hizmetlerinin bu amaca yönelik kamusal özellikli hiz-metler oldu¤unu bir kez daha ifade etmeyi uygun buluyoruz. K›la-vuzluk hizmetleri seyir emniyetinin ve deniz çevresinin korunmas›-n›n teminine yönelik olarak liman ve k›y› devletinin bir sorumlulu-¤udur. Bir liman›n emniyetli bir liman olarak kabul edilebilmesi-nin baflta gelen koflullar›ndan biri de orada uygun ve yeterli sevi-yede k›lavuzluk hizmetinin veriliyor olmas›d›r. K›lavuzluk hizmet-lerinin seyir ve manevra emniyeti ile denizde can, mal ve çevre em-niyetini sa¤layacak flekilde verilebilmesinin koflulu bu hizmetleriveren k›lavuz kaptanlar›n üzerinde ticari etki ve bask›lar›n olma-mas›d›r. Bunu sa¤laman›n yolu da bu hizmetlerin ya devlet eliyleverilmesi, ya da devletin destek ve korumas› alt›nda geliflmifl de-nizci ülkelerde örnekleri bulunan meslek birlikleri veya benzerioluflumlarca verilmesidir.

Ticari taraflardan dolay›s›yla ticari bask›lardan ba¤›ms›z k›lavuz-luk hizmeti sonuç olarak ve uzun vadede tüm ticari taraflar›n dayarar›nad›r. Bu ilkeden hareketle, yönetmelik taslak çal›flmas›n›ndenizcili¤imizin ve deniz ticaretimizin geliflimine katk›da buluna-cak, ülkemizin, milletimizin ve gelecek kuflaklar›m›z›n yüce men-faatleri baflta olmak üzere ilgili tüm taraflar›n ç›kar ve memnuni-yetlerini hakkaniyet ölçüsüyle gözetecek bir çal›flma olmas›n›umuyor ve temenni ediyoruz. Fakat mevcut taslak yönetmeli¤inmaddelerinin geneline bakt›¤›m›zda dünyadaki genel temel uygu-lamalara ve ülkemizde ulusal mevzuat›m›z ile Dan›fltay ve Reka-bet Kurulu Kararlar›na ters düflen, k›lavuzluk hizmetlerinin verili-fli bak›m›ndan yerleflmifl olan ana temel ilkelere ayk›r› hükümlergetirdi¤i görülmektedir. Taslak genel olarak incelendi¤inde Kabo-taj Kanununa ayk›r›l›klar, k›y› ve liman tesislerine verilen öncelik-ler göze çarpmaktad›r. 6. maddenin (d) bendinde çal›flanlar›n Türkvatandafl› olmas› gerekti¤i belirtilirken flirket ortaklar›ndan sözedilmemifltir. Kabotaj Kanununa göre, “k›lavuzluk hizmetleri”münhas›ran Türk vatandafllar›na tahsis edilmifl, dolay›s›yla yaban-c›lara yasaklanm›fl hizmetlerden olmas›na karfl›n, Taslak Yönet-meli¤in teflkilat izni verilecek flirketlerde aranacak flartlar aras›n-da, ortaklar›n›n Türk vatandafl› olma flart› aranmam›flt›r. Bu ha-liyle Taslak Yönetmelik, Kabotaj Kanunu’na ayk›r› bulunmakta-d›r. Yönetmelikte, k›lavuzluk hizmeti verecek flirketlerde/kurulufl-larda ortaklar›n›n ve sermayesinin tamam›n›n, Türk vatandafl› olmas›/ ait olmas› flartlar› aranmal›d›r.

DÜNYADAK‹ GENEL TEMEL UYGULAMALARA TERS

K›lavuzluk hizmetlerinin temel amac› can, mal, gemi, seyir, yük veçevre güvenli¤ini sa¤lamak ve korumak oldu¤undan, k›lavuzlukhizmetleri kamusal hizmetler say›lmaktad›r. Bu nedenle k›lavuzkaptanlar verdikleri hizmetler ile ve bu hizmetler s›ras›nda, gerekkurallar› uygulayarak gerekse uygulanmas›n› sa¤layarak, kamumenfaatlerini de korumakla görevlidirler. Bu görevlerini yerinegetirebilmeleri için, hizmetlerle ilgili olan gemi sahibi, yük sahibi,acenteler, sigortac›lar ve liman iflletmecileri gibi ticari menfaat

EVALUATION // DE⁄ERLEND‹RME

MARINE&COMMERCE A⁄USTOS 2011 035

Bu konuda halihaz›rdageçerli bir yönetmeli¤inolmad›¤› düflünüldü¤ün-

de, konunun kriterlerinin belir-lendi¤i bir çal›flmaya bafllan-mas› nedeniyle öncelikle Müs-teflarl›¤›m›za teflekkür ederiz.Umar›z ki bu çal›flmalar bizk›lavuz kaptanlar›n ve ilgilitüm taraflar›n katk›lar›yla biran önce gelifltirilerek geliflmifldenizci ülkelerde benzerleribulunan bir K›lavuzluk Kanu-nu haz›rlan›r.

Türk K›lavuz Kaptanlar Derne-¤i olarak tasla¤›n geneline veözellikle K›lavuzluk hizmetleri-ne iliflkin ayr›nt›l› biçimde

EVALUATION // DE⁄ERLEND‹RME

MARINE&COMMERCE AUGUST 2011034

COMPETITION INPILOTAGE:

IS IT APPROPRIATE?KILAVUZLUKTA REKABET

OLUR MU?

DR. CAPT. AL‹ CÖMERT

Considering the factthat there are no regulations currently

in effect in this field, wewould, in the first place, liketo express our gratitude to theUndersecretariat for commencing the process ofestablishing the relevant criteria. We hope that theseefforts would be ramped up assoon as possible through contributions by us, the maritime pilots, and all otherstakeholders, and we wouldultimately have a PilotageLaw, as in other developedmaritime nations.

The Turkish Undersecretariat for Maritime Affairs

has recently prepared the “Draft Regulations on

Permissions to be granted to Pilotage and Towage

Service Organizations” and sent the same to some

stakeholders for review and feedback.

Denizcilik Müsteflarl›¤›m›zca “K›lavuzluk ve

Römorkörcülük Hizmetleri Teflkilatlar›na Verilecek

‹zinler Hakk›nda Yönetmelik Tasla¤›” ad› alt›nda bir

Taslak Yönetmelik haz›rlanm›fl ve görüfle sunulmufltur.

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Therefore, maritime pilots are also responsible for protection ofthe public interests through their services and by complying withand ensuring compliance with relevant rules. In order for thepilots to fulfil this responsibility, they should work in anorganization that is independent from commercial interests suchas ship owners, shippers, shipping agencies, underwriters, andport operators, etc. If maritime pilots become an employee ofaforementioned commercial interests, they may not be able toprotect the public interests adequately due to the pressures theymight be exposed to. For this very reason, organizations in whichmaritime pilots work must be independent from all kind ofcommercial interests. Unfortunately, the Draft Regulations failto eliminate such inconveniences.

The threshold tonnage application introduced by the DraftRegulations opens the pilotage services to competition. Besides,because the Threshold Tonnage is kept rather low, widespread“competition” will be inevitable. In this context, the DraftRegulations are contrary to the generally accepted practices inthe world for they allow “competition” which will jeopardize thesafety of life, property, ship, navigation, and marine environmentin pilotage services. The Threshold Tonnage application must beabolished not to allow competition, and even unfair competition,in pilotage services.

COMPETITION ABOLISHED DUE TO DRAWBACKS

This draft brings the issue of competition in Pilotage servicesback into the public spotlight. We have expressed our opinionsabout the competition in these services, which was trialled andabolished during the last century in other maritime nations in theworld due to specific drawbacks, for many times.

Pilotage services are among the most important public servicesprovided by the state in maritime nations in their port andcoastal state identity. When the ships to which the services areprovided, as well as the people living in the port and coastalareas and being affected by these services, the industrialfacilities and the natural environment are considered, theseservices are of public nature in terms of safety of life, propertyand environment, and therefore, they are performed undergovernmental control and within the framework of theprocedures and principles set out by the government. To ensurethat such services are provided in compliance with the relevantstandards, there must be no commercial pressures on them.Therefore, these services are provided by associations andorganizations formed by maritime pilots, not by shippingagencies, ship owners, etc. that would exert commercialpressures on these services in developed maritime nations.Commercial pressures on these services, which should beprovided under the protection and supervision of thegovernments, emerge particularly under competitive conditions.As is known by our Undersecretariat, our Association closelyfollows the respective practices in the world and the EuropeanUnion, with which our negotiations for membership are stillunderway, and informs the Undersecretariat accordingly.

taraflar›na karfl› tarafs›z ve eflit uzakl›kta durabilecek bir teflkilatiçinde çal›flmalar› gerekir. K›lavuz kaptanlar, ad› geçen ticari taraflardan birisinin çal›flan› durumunda olduklar›nda, u¤rayacak-lar› bask›lar nedeniyle, kamu menfaatlerini tam olarak koruya-mazlar. Bu gerçeklerden hareketle k›lavuz kaptanlar› çal›flt›racakteflkilat›n yukar›da belirtti¤imiz ticari taraflardan biri olmas›n›nemniyet yönünden mahsurlar› vard›r. Taslak Yönetmelik maalesefbu mahsurlar› giderememifltir.

Taslak Yönetmelikte eflik tonaj uygulamas›yla, k›lavuzluk hizmet-leri rekabete aç›lmaktad›r. Üstelik Eflik Tonaj çok düflük tutuldu-¤undan, bu durumda k›lavuzlukta “rekabet”in yayg›n olarak ya-flanmas› kaç›n›lmaz olacakt›r. Bu bak›mdan, Taslak Yönetmelik,k›lavuzluk hizmetlerinde can, mal, gemi, seyir ve çevre güvenli¤i-ni tehlikeye atacak “rekabet”e izin vererek dünyadaki genel temeluygulamalara ters düflmüfltür. Eflik Tonaj uygulamas› kald›r›lmal›ve rekabete, hatta haks›z rekabete yol açacak bir duruma yol aç›l-mamal›d›r.

MAHSURLARI TECRÜBE ED‹LD‹KTEN SONRA TERK ED‹LEN REKABET

Bu taslakla birlikte K›lavuzluk hizmetlerinde rekabet konusu tek-rar gündeme getirilmifltir. Dünyadaki denizci ülkelerde geçti¤imizyüzy›l uygulan›p mahsurlar› tecrübe edildikten sonra terk edilenrekabet konusunda görüfllerimizi defalarca ifade ettik

Liman ve K›y› Devleti kimli¤i ile denizci ülkelerde devletin verdi¤ikamusal hizmetlerin en önemlilerinin bafl›nda k›lavuzluk hizmetle-ri gelmektedir. Hizmetin verildi¤i gemiler ve bunlar›n yan›nda buhizmetten dolayl› etkilenen liman ve k›y› bölgelerinde yaflayan in-sanlar, buralarda kurulu tesisler ve do¤al çevre göz önüne al›nd›-¤›nda seyir emniyeti, can, mal ve çevre güvenli¤i için bu hizmetlerkamu hizmeti niteli¤inde oldu¤undan devlet kontrolünde ve devle-tin belirledi¤i usul ve esaslar çerçevesinde yap›lmaktad›r. Bu hiz-metlerin istenilen standartlarda verilebilmesi için bu hizmetlerüzerinde ticari bask›lar bulunmamal›d›r. Bunun için denizcilikteileri ülkelerde bu hizmetler ticari bask› oluflturacak acente, limaniflletmesi, gemi donatan› gibi taraflarca de¤il k›lavuz kaptanlar ta-raf›ndan kurulmufl oluflumlar taraf›ndan verilmektedir. Ticari bas-k›lar, devletin himaye ve gözetiminde verilmesi gereken bu hizmet-ler üzerinde, özellikle rekabet koflullar›nda ortaya ç›kmaktad›r.Müsteflarl›¤›m›zca da bilindi¤i üzere Derne¤imiz bu konuda dün-

EVALUATION // DE⁄ERLEND‹RME

MARINE&COMMERCE AUGUST 2011036

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ONE PILOTAGE ORGANIZATION IN ONE SERVICE AREA

It is clear that the commercial pressures to emerge undercompetitive conditions threaten the navigational safety and thequality of the services rendered in the first place. OurUndersecretariat has supported similar practices for many years,and allowed only one pilotage organization in one service area.Regardless of how large the service area is, in geographic areasthat allows entry and exit from a single point, pilotage servicesshould be provided by only one pilotage organization, otherwise,considerably problems would arise with respect to the pilotageservices and the control and planning of the maritime traffic. Theseproblems threaten the navigational safety and may cause accidents.

Taking into consideration all these factors, it would be to thebenefit of all public if only one pilotage organization isauthorized to serve in one service area, and no competition isallowed in this respect. The Undersecretariat for MaritimeAffairs should maintain the previous application. For whateverthe reason, our Undersecretariat should never abolish theapplication of authorizing only one pilotage organization in oneservice area, which it has advocated for many years and alsosupported by the decisions of the Council of Ministers andCompetition Authority. Public and environmental safety requiresthat pilotage organizations maintain their service standards atthe highest levels regardless of the costs of the same at anypilotage area. However, previous experiences in the worldshowed that under competitive conditions where there are morethan one pilotage organizations, any one of them may makeconcessions from compliance with the standards in an attempt toattain cost advantages to others.

Maritime pilots themselves may also be negatively affected bythe competitive conditions. Maritime pilots will be negativelyaffected by the competitive conditions in terms of the workingconditions and personal rights. Competition would cause increasein their working hours and decrease in their wages other rights.What is more, subcontracting and illicit working conditionswould arise in an attempt to lower the costs of the pilotageservices. A negative commercial pressure may arise oncompetitiveness and standards of pilotage services and maritimepilots to achieve cost reductions. Undoubtedly, the mostimportant of all is that the public benefits will be negativelyaffected. Particularly taking into consideration our nationalinterests, as well as the rights and interests of our colleagues, wewould like to draw your attention to the importance of notallowing competition in pilotage services.

In the light of the aforementioned general criteria, it would bemore appropriate to review the Draft Regulations as a whole,and to take required measures to ensure preparation of a textthat would ensure the safety of life, property and marineenvironment, as well as of the navigational and manoeuvringsafety, through participation of all stakeholders.

yada ve adayl›k sürecinde oldu¤umuz Avrupa Birli¤i’ndeki uygula-malar› yak›ndan takip etmekte ve Müsteflarl›¤› da bu konuda bil-gilendirmektedir.

B‹R H‹ZMET BÖLGES‹NDE YALNIZCA B‹R KILAVUZLUK TEfiK‹LATI

Rekabet koflullar›n›n oluflturaca¤› ticari bask›lar›n öncelikle seyiremniyetini ve verilen hizmetlerin kalitesini tehdit etti¤i bilinmek-tedir. Uzun y›llard›r Müsteflarl›¤›m›z›n uygulamalar› da bu do¤-rultuda olmufl; bir hizmet bölgesinde yaln›zca bir k›lavuzluk teflki-lat›na izin verilmifltir. Hizmet bölgesi ne kadar genifl olursa olsun,do¤al koy ve körfezlerde, ayn› bölgeden girifl ç›k›fl yap›lan co¤rafialanlarda tek bir teflkilat taraf›ndan yürütülmeyen k›lavuzluk hiz-metlerinde bölgedeki deniz trafi¤inin kontrol ve planlamas›n›n za-aflar› ortaya ç›kabilir. Ortaya ç›kan zaaflar seyir emniyetini tehditederek kazalara sebebiyet verebilir.

Bütün bu nedenler göz önüne al›narak do¤ru bir uygulama olan birhizmet bölgesinde yaln›zca bir k›lavuzluk teflkilat›n›n yetkilendiril-mesine ve rekabete izin verilmemesine, bu alan› düzenlemesi zatenkendi sorumluluk ve görev alan›nda bulunan, Müsteflarl›¤›m›zcadevam edilmesinde kamu yarar› bulunmaktad›r. Müsteflarl›¤›m›z,her ne sebeple olursa olsun, y›llard›r savundu¤u ve Dan›fltay ile Re-kabet Kurumu kararlar›yla da pekiflmifl olan, bir bölgede bir tefl-kilat›n yetkilendirilmesi, fleklindeki uygulamas›ndan sapmamal› vetaviz vermemelidir. Kamu ve çevre güvenli¤i, herhangi bir k›lavuz-luk bölgesinde k›lavuzluk hizmetini veren teflkilat›n hizmet stan-dartlar›n› hiçbir gerekli harcamadan kaç›nmaks›z›n en uygun dü-zeyde tutmas›n› gerektirir. Oysa dünyada daha önce yaflanm›fl tec-rübeler, serbest rekabet flartlar›nda, ayn› k›lavuzluk bölgesindehizmet verecek birden çok k›lavuzluk teflkilat›n›n maliyet aç›s›n-dan bir di¤erine üstünlük sa¤lamas› ad›na emniyet standartlar›n-dan ödün vermesi sonucunu do¤urdu¤unu göstermifltir.

Rekabet koflullar›ndan olumsuz etkilenebilecek önemli bir kesimde k›lavuz kaptanlar›n bizzat kendileridir. Gerek çal›flma koflulla-r› gerekse özlük haklar› bak›m›ndan k›lavuz kaptanlar rekabet ko-flullar›ndan olumsuz etkileneceklerdir. Rekabet koflullar› sebebiyleçal›flma saatlerinde art›fllar, ücretlerinde ve di¤er özlük haklar›n-da azalmalar ortaya ç›kacakt›r. Dahas› k›lavuzluk hizmetlerinindaha ucuz elde edilmesi amac›yla tafleronlaflma ve kay›t d›fl›l›k or-taya ç›kacak; maliyetleri düflürmek amac›yla k›lavuzlu¤un ve k›la-vuz kaptanlar›n vas›f ve standartlar› üzerinde olumsuz yönde birticari bask› oluflacakt›r. Kuflkusuz en önemlisi ise kamu menfaat-leri zarar görecektir. Öncelikle milli ç›karlar›m›z›, meslektafllar›-m›z›n hak ve menfaatlerini ve kamu yarar›n› gözeterek k›lavuzlukhizmetlerinde rekabet koflullar›nda bir uygulamaya gidilmemesigerekti¤i bir kez daha hat›rlat›r›z.

Yukar›da belirtti¤imiz genel kriterler ›fl›¤›nda söz konusu TaslakYönetmeli¤in bütünüyle tekrar ele al›nmas› ve seyir ve manevraemniyeti ile denizde can, mal ve çevre emniyetini sa¤layacak enuygun metnin ilgili tüm taraflar›n etkin kat›l›m›yla sa¤lanmas›için gerekli tedbirler al›nmas› uygun olacakt›r.

EVALUATION // DE⁄ERLEND‹RME

MARINE&COMMERCE AUGUST 2011038

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Chairman of the Turkish Maritime Pilots’ Association // Türk K›lavuz Kaptanlar Derne¤i Baflkan›