COMPETITION AS NATURAL DRIVER OF NUCLEAR KNOW-HOW...
Transcript of COMPETITION AS NATURAL DRIVER OF NUCLEAR KNOW-HOW...
Westinghouse Non-Proprietary Class 3 © 2014 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
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Pavel Janík Managing Director CR
& VVER Global Coordinator
November 2015
COMPETITION AS NATURAL DRIVER OF
NUCLEAR KNOW-HOW DEVELOPMENT
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Westinghouse Electric Company
• Founded in 1886 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, by George Westinghouse
• Responsible for some of the world’s most important achievements:
– Alternating current technology
– First commercial radio broadcast (KDKA-1920)
– USS Nautilus nuclear submarine
– First camera on the moon
– Commercial nuclear power
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Strategically Positioned to Develop and Support the
Worldwide Fleet
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Westinghouse in Europe
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New Plants &
Major Projects Delivers both new-plant
projects and major
projects for new and
operating plants on a
global basis
Decommissioning,
Decontamination &
Remediation Deploys global technologies
and forms local partnerships to
carry out long-term projects
Nuclear Fuel &
Manufacturing Designs and delivers fuel
for PWR, BWR, VVER and
AGR reactors, and
oversees manufacturing
operations worldwide
Global competence and experience
4 product lines supported by Engineering Center of Excellence
Operating Plants
Business Delivers operating plant
products and services,
including global field
services, instrumentation and
control, welding and
machining, and installation-
related functions
Engineering Center of Excellence Supports all product lines by driving common engineering cap
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CASE UKRAINE:
NUCLEAR FUEL DIVERSIFICATION PROGRAM
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Ukraine - overview
Ukraine’s electricity production is heavily dependent upon nuclear energy. The country’s total electricity production in 2014 amounted to 168,284.00 GWh (net)
Source: NAEK Energoatom, IAEA PRIS Database, World Nuclear Association
50% of which was generated from the 15 nuclear power plants - which produced 83,122.77GWh (net) in 2014.
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Ukraine Nuclear Fuel Qualification Project (UNFQP)
Background 1/2
• The Ukraine Nuclear Fuel Qualification Project (UNFQP) was made a part of the International Nuclear Safety Program (INSP) in 1998.
• The INSP began in 1992 after post-Chornobyl reviews of Soviet-designed nuclear power plants revealed areas needing safety improvements.
Source: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
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Ukraine Nuclear Fuel Qualification Project (UNFQP)
Background 2/2
• INSP established projects to reduce risks and to improve operational safety by:
• Facilitating the use of simulators in training • Implementing improvements to safety systems • Transferring capability to conduct in-depth plant safety
assessments • Transferring commercial nuclear technology
Source: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
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Ukraine Nuclear Fuel Qualification Project (UNFQP)
INSP Implementation
U.S. Dpt. of State
U.S. Agency for
Intnl. Development
Program
Integration
Policy &
Guidance
Program
Implementation
U.S. Nuclear
Regulatory
Commission
U.S. Department of
Energy
Office of Nuclear Energy
Interfacing
Organizations:
G7
EBRD
IAEA
Other DOE
programs
Participating
Countries: • Armenia
• Bulgaria
• Czech Republic
• Hungary
• Kazakhstan
• Lithuania
• Slovakia
• Russia
• Ukraine
Integration Lead for Technical and Administrative Support : Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Host-Country Organizations and Nuclear Power Plants
U.S. Industrial Organizations
Argonne National Laboratory
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Source: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
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Ukraine Nuclear Fuel Qualification Project (UNFQP)
Goals
To develop the infrastructure for a competitive nuclear fuel market in Ukraine, with the specific goal of achieving diversity in its nuclear fuel source.
• Infrastructure - Establish an organization in Ukraine capable of receiving and applying fuel and core design analysis and methodologies.
• Diversity - Qualify alternate nuclear fuel supplier by operating fuel assemblies of non-Russian origin in Ukraine's nuclear power plants.
Source: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
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Ukraine Nuclear Fuel Qualification Project (UNFQP)
Process
• Selection of a Ukraine host organization
• Technology transfer and training
• Lead test assemblies (LTAs)
• One reload batch of fuel (WFA)
Process:
The UNFQP selected Westinghouse Electric Co.
(WEC) to transfer technology and expertise
Source: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
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Ukraine Nuclear Fuel Qualification Project (UNFQP)
Technology infrastructure 1/2
• UNFQP Established and staffed the host organization - Center for Reactor Core Design (CRCD/ЦПАЗ) in Kharkiv
• Three main technical groups
– Nuclear Fuel Design – Reactor Core Design – Nuclear Safety and Licensing
Source: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
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Ukraine Nuclear Fuel Qualification Project (UNFQP)
Technology infrastructure 2/2
• Implemented an ISO-9001 certified Quality Management System at CRCD
• CRCD to play a key role in the Ukraine´s licensing efforts
Source: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
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Ukraine Nuclear Fuel Qualification Project (UNFQP)
Technology Transfer and Training
Performance and design codes were transferred, including office equipment and computers
Training and on-the-job work experience in the United
States (2000-2005)
Training of Ukrainian design engineers in fuel
design, core analysis, and safety codes; fuel fabrication and testing; quality assurance; licensing; nuclear fuel cycle optimization. Performed primarily by Westinghouse.
Participated in the design of a new VVER-1000 fuel assembly
Source: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
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WESTINGHOUSE:
LONG TERM HISTORY IN PROVIDING
SOLUTIONS FOR VVER TECHNOLOGY
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Westinghouse VVER-1000 Fuel Development
Temelin South Ukraine VVER 9-Grid Design VVER 16-Grid Design
Original VVANTAGE 6
Modified VVANTAGE 6
Phase 0 Phase 1X LTA WFA RWFA
2000 2005 2006 2007 2005 2009 2015-
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Westinghouse VVER-1000 Fuel Development
• The original VVER-1000 fuel assembly design in the first core of Temelín had issues with bowing resulting in incomplete rod insertion (IRI).
• The design was gradually modified over a couple of years and the bow/IRI problem was completely removed with the Phase 1X design.
• The Temelín experience as well as Westinghouse experience from other PWR fuel designs were then used in the design of the first Lead Test Assemblies and the Westinghouse Fuel Assembly (WFA) design for South Ukraine NPP.
• Modifications of the WFA design were developed based on the loading issues at South Ukraine NPP in 2012 resulting in the Robust Westinghouse Fuel Assembly (RWFA) design currently delivered to Ukraine.
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2012 fuel loading issues at South Ukraine 3
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VVER-1000 RWFA Design
• Temelín Performance Improvements
• ZIRLO® Fuel Rod Cladding and Guide Tubes
• Improved corrosion resistance
• Double bulged Top and Mid grids
• Increase skeleton stiffness and mitigate FA bow
• Long end plug
• to assure that any debris at bottom grid not cause fuel rod
failure
• Ukraine Improvements to Mitigate Resident FA Bow
• Strengthening the Mid Grids
• Eliminate undesirable nozzle to nozzle interaction
• Using loading sequences avoiding boxing positions
• Use of loading aids such as Fuel Assembly dummies
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Fuel Assembly-to-Fuel Assembly Interface Test
• The RWFA design was verified by
extensive fuel assembly to fuel
assembly handing tests
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Core Loading
Step 125
Step 195
• 42 fuel assemblies of the RWFA design were successfully inserted in South Ukraine 3 in March 2015.
The different colors represents
fresh, once, twice and three
times burned fuel assemblies,
respectively.
• By using an optimized core loading sequence and with the help of smooth sided dummies in tight positions the required loading forces were significantly reduced.
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Operating Performance 1/3
• 174 Westinghouse fuel assemblies have been irradiated at South Ukraine NPP.
• Westinghouse VVER-1000 fuel at South Ukraine NPP have met all operational and regulatory requirements since 2005.
• This has been proven by comprehensive annual inspection campaigns conducted jointly by Energoatom and Westinghouse experts.
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Operating Performance 2/3
• All Fuel Rods of Westinghouse fuel are leak tight.
• Fuel Assembly Elongation, Fuel Rod irradiation Growth and Bow, Spacer Grids and Fuel Rod cladding corrosion are well within the design limits.
• RCCA Drop Times are well within values for normal operation.
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Operating Performance 3/3
• A Fuel Inspection and Repair Equipment was installed at SU3 in 2012.
• Safe mixed-core operations have been demonstrated through the LTA program and reload batch operation.
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Westinghouse Nuclear Fuel Products
VVER AGR BWR NFI BWR W-PWR CE-PWR
German
PWR NFI PWR
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• A funding of the Technology Agency of the CR
• Westinghouse Electric Czech Republic + CTU + Institute of Physics of the Academy of Science of the CR
• Goal of the project: reduction of unwanted chemical reactions on surface of the zirconium alloys in nuclear reactors by protective layer of polycrystalline diamond
• WEC financial contribution: over 3 000 000 CZK
• Time: 2014 – 2016
Research: protection of zirconium alloys
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Nuclear Fuel Supply Chain
Mining
Conversion to UF6
Enrichment
Fuel Assemblies Fabrication
VVER reactors operated in EU are fully dependent on fuel assemblies delivered
from the sole supplier
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Industry trend: Diversification Traditional approach to secure fuel supply
‘Security’ results from
maintaining more than one
supply option.
Examples: Sweden, Vattenfall , Eskom in South Africa, Iberdrola in Spain, EdF in France… etc.
Diversification – strategy where you do not rely on one sole source/producer – globally it is common industry
practice implemented in order to secure long-term stable supply of nuclear fuel
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VVER Market – Status of nuclear fuel diversification
UNITED
KINGDOM
NORWAY
SWEDEN
FINLAND
ESTONIA
LATVIA
LITHUANIA
POLAND
BELARUS
GERMANY
CZECH
REPUBLIC
BELGIUM
FRANCE
SPAIN
SWITZ.
AUSTRIA
SLOVAKIA
HUNGARY
ROMANIA
BULGARIA
ITALY
UKRAINE
TURKEY
ČEZ (Temelín) is
considering
introducing of
Westinghouse LTA
program
Westinghouse is
long-term stable fuel
supply partner for
Energoatom in
Ukraine
Westinghouse
represents viable
alternative for fueling
of Bulgarian VVER
reactors
Westinghouse
participates in
VVER fuel
Euroatom program
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Thank you for attention. Questions…?