Competency 2:Physical Science

Obj. 2a: Chemical Equations

FRONT

NaCl

H20

C6H12O6

O2

CO2

N2

CH4

BACK (table salt) or (sodium

chloride)

(water) (sugar/glucose) (oxygen gas) (carbon dioxide) (nitrogen gas) (methane)

1 question

Obj. 2a: Conservation of Mass

Law of conservation of mass:

matter cannot be created nor destroyed, therefore the mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products

Obj. 2a: Balancing Equations

What would you have to put before the O2 on the reactant side in order to balance the equation?

CH4 + __ O2 CO2 + 2H2O

Put answer on back

2.a. Balancing Equations

Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2

How many hydrogen molecules will be produced if there is 1000 HCl molecules in the reactant side of this balanced equation?

Show the work on the back.

Obj. 2.a. Photosynthesis and Respiration

Respiration

1 question

oxygen + sugar carbon dioxide + water + energy

6O2 + C6H1206 6CO2 + 6 H2O

Obj. 2.a. Photosynthesis and Respiration

Photosynthesis

carbon dioxide + water + sunlight oxygen + glucose

6 CO2 + 6H2O 6O2 + C6H1206

1 question

Obj. 2.b. Periodic Table

Properties of Metals and nonmetals Nonmetals: on the right side of the

periodic table in groups starting at the staircase

Insulator

Brittle

Obj. 2.b. Periodic Table

Properties of Metals and nonmetals Metals: on the left side of the periodic

table in groups

Malleable

Good conductors

Ductile

2.b. Types of Bonds

Ionic: between a metal & non-metalEx. NaCl Group 1 bonded to

group 17

2.b. Types of Bonds

Covalent: between two non-metalsEx. CO2 Group 14 bonded to

group 16

2.b. Important Groups

Front

Group 17

Group 3-12

Group 1

Group 2

Metalloids-Groups 13-17

1- 2 question

Back nonmetal halogens transition metals alkali metals alkaline earth metals touch the staircase &

divide the metals from non-metals

2b. Draw an outline of the periodic table. Label the metals and nonmetals.

2b Groups

Vertical columns

Have similar properties

Group Number = number of

valence electrons

7

N

Nitrogen14.007

Group 15

Obj. 2.b. Acids

H+

Bond with nonmetals

HF weakest acid, HI strongest acid

Less reactive, weaker bond, Stronger acid

More reactive, stronger bond, weaker acid

Obj. 2.b. Bases

OH- (Hydroxide)

Bond with metals

Ex: NaOH, MgOH, NH3

React with acids to form water and a salt

Obj. 2.b. Periodic TableOxidation: when a substance reacts with oxygen

Examples:Rusting (iron oxide)

Food spoiling

Burning (fast oxidation)

Obj. 2.c. Motion

Speed formula – s=d/tConstant velocity: no change in motion (balanced force) ex. 50mi/h for an hour

2.c. Speed GraphsDraw the graph on the front and label on the back.

Constant speed Constant Speed

2.c. Speed GraphsDraw the graph on the front and label on the back.

Speeding up

2.c. Speed GraphsDraw the graph on the front and label on the back.

No motion

2.c. Acceleration: change in motion (unbalanced force)

ex. Speed up, slow down, change direction speed & velocity are the

same

Label each:

Speeding up at a constant rate

Constant (no acceleration)

Slowing down at a constant

rate

Acceleration graphs- put on separate card.

Obj. 2.f. Newton’s Laws

1st law (law of inertia): An object at rest will stay at rest. An object in motion will stay in motion. Ex. Car stops, but your body

moves forwardAn object in moving in space

will continue (comet)

2.f. 2nd Law of Motion

2nd law (F=ma) : an object will accelerate in the direction of the net forceEx. Kick a ball upward and it

moves upward

Objects with more mass require more force to move.

2.f. 3rd Law of Motion

3rd law (action/reaction): forces always act in equal but opposite pairs Ex. Swimming, birds flying, rockets

Obj. 2.d. Electrical Energy

AC currents (alternating): used in power grids

Travel in both directions

Voltage can change with transformers

DC current (direct): only flows in one directionUsed in batteries

Obj. 2.d. Power GridsPath of electricity through a

power grid from high to low voltagePower plant, substation,

transformer, junction box, outlet, microwave

Power can be added to the grid if it is not used by the customer.

Obj. 2.d. Power Grids

Renewable resources: natural resources that can be replenished naturally with the passage of time Wind

Solar

Hydro

Geothermal

Reduce pollution, but more expensive.

Obj. 2.d. Power Grids

Transformer- Increases or decreases voltage in the power grid

Obj. 2.d. Power Grids

generator- spins a coiled wire inside a magnetic field to produce electric current

Obj. 2e Electromagnetic Spectrum

List the spectrum from longest wavelength to shortest, then label the following information on the spectrum

Infrared: heat/thermal Radio: communication – lowest energy Gamma: treat cancer – highest energy Visible: royGbiv- from (longest to shortest)

Obj. 2.e. Electromagnetic Spectrum

Ultraviolet (UV) blocked by ozone damage skin cells, cause skin cancer

can be used to disinfect medical equipment, rid water of bacteria or microorganisms, etc.