http://forums.xkcd.com/viewtopic.php?f=49&t=36040 (FR&H, 8th ed.)

http://forums.xkcd.com/viewtopic.php?f=49&t=36040 (FR&H, 8th ed.)

Sound System

Vocabulary (words) / Meaning

Creativity

Judgments about sentences and non-sentences

OTHERS

English Mandarin

clock ding (Tones 1, 3, 4)

blerk ding (Tone 2)

mlock dip

Pronunciation Meaning What else?

What do these two phrases mean?

顧名思義 顧物思名

How can you apply them to language?

Arabic (Algeria): baa baa Chinese (Mandarin): mieh mieh Dutch: bèèh English: baaah Esperanto: mek Estonian: mää Finnish: bäää bäää French: bêêê German: bähh, bähh Hebrew: meeee meeee

www.georgetown.edu./cball/animals/

Hindi: bhe:-bhe: Italian: beeee Japanese: mee Korean: meeeee Russian: bee Spanish (Spain): bee Spanish (Argentina): meeee Swedish: bää Turkish: me-e-e-eh, me-e-e-eh Vietnamese: be-hehehe

www.georgetown.edu./cball/animals/

0 This is the house.

1 This is the house that Jack built.

2 This is the malt that lay in the housethat Jack built.

5 This is the dog that worried the catthat killed the rat that ate the malt thatlay in the house that Jack built.

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2014. An Introduction to Language, 10th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 6.

Linus lost his blanket.

* Lost Linus blanket his.

我 也 喜 歡 吃 冰 淇 淋。* 也 我 喜 歡 吃 冰 淇 淋。

Sounds

Words

Syntax

Grammaticality judgments

Arbitrary relationship between sound and meaning

Conventional meaning

Creativity

Compositional (smaller meaningful units make bigger ones)

“We use the term ‘grammar’ with a systematic ambiguity. On the one hand, the term refers

to the 1explicit theory constructed by the linguist and proposed as a description of the speaker’s competence. On the other hand, it refers to 2this competence itself.”

N. Chomsky and M. Halle, The Sound Pattern of English

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2014. An Introduction to Language, 10th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 9.

Written description of your linguistic competence (All Areas)

Your linguistic competence

“Traditional” Grammar [Syntax]

Book containing traditional grammar / syntax

Descriptive Grammar

Prescriptive Grammar

Teaching Grammars

Universal Grammar

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2014. An Introduction to Language, 10th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, pp. 9-14.

* I don’t have none.

* You was wrong about that.

*? Mathilda is fatter than me.

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2014. An Introduction to Language, 10th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 10.

DON’T end a sentence with a preposition. I don’t know who to give this book to. “This is the sort of nonsense up with which I will not

put. Winston Churchill (p. 15)

DON’T split an infinitive He wants to quickly finish the work and go home.

DON’T end a sentence with a preposition. I don’t know who to give this book to. “This is the sort of nonsense up with which I will not

put. Winston Churchill (p. 15)

DON’T split an infinitive He wants to quickly finish the work and go home.

USE ONLY Nominative after the verb BE. It’s me.

NEVER use a double negative. I don’t have none.

“Talking” Parrots Spiders Fiddler crabs Birds (their calls and songs) Bees Chimps

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2014. An Introduction to Language, 10th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, pp. 15-21.

Discovery Channel has had a program on Alex .  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbrTOcUnjNY&feature=related :better quality video  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eawfoMHyUHQ: Performance  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZ2j1jOwAYU: Working with Alex http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yGOgs_UlEc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7ijI-g4jHg

What do we really know?

Linguistic Determinism

Linguistic Relativity

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2014. An Introduction to Language, 10th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, pp. 21-25.