COMPENDIUM OF FACTS AND FIGURES

FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE MALAYSIA (FRIM)

2nd Edition

MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT (NRE)

FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE MALAYSIA (FRIM)

Copyright © 2013 Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for education or non-profit use without special permission from the copyright holder, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for sale and other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. Compiled by : FRIM Corporate Management Unit Edited by : Praveena a/p Balai Kerishnan (Ms)

Maria Arlene Jackan Anak Siba (Ms) Printed by : FRIM Publications Branch Published by : Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) 52109 Kepong Selangor Darul Ehsan. Tel: +603-6279 7000 Fax: +603-6273 1314 Picture Credit : Yusni I, Asmar H, Dr. Mohamad Omar b. Mohamad Khaidir, Khairuddin K,

FRIM Corporate Management Unit (Photography Competition) and etc. Cover design by: Cleartone Sdn. Bhd.

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION AND AKNOWLEDGEMENTS i. HISTORY 1

- The Firsts in Malaysian Forestry 3 - Heads of the Institute since 1929 5 - Dates of Historical Interest 7 - FRIM’s Field Establishment Record 11 - Boundaries of Study Fields in FRIM 15

THE CAMPUS 17 - Satellite Image over FRIM Campus 18 - Three-Dimensional Perspective of FRIM 19 - FRIM Area 20 - Water Bodies 21 - Plant Species and Gene Bank Collections in FRIM Campus 22 - Location and Species of Trees Planted in FRIM 24 - Fauna in FRIM 37

Summary checklist of birds 38 Checklist of birds 40 Summary checklist of mammals 48 Checklist of mammals 49 Summary checklist of reptiles 52 Checklist of reptiles 53 Summary checklist of amphibians 57 Checklist of amphibians 58 Checklist of inland vertebrate (freshwater fish) 60 A breakdown of the number of butterflies found in FRIM 61 Checklist of butterflies 61

- FRIM RESEARCH STATION 73 Mata Ayer Research Station, Perlis 74 Pasoh Research Station, Negeri Sembilan 75 Segamat Research Station, Johor 76 Maran Research Station, Pahang 77 Jengka Research Station, Pahang 78 Setiu Research Station, Terengganu 79 Bidor Research Station, Perak 80 Jeli Research Station, Kelantan 81 Selandar Research Station, Melaka 82

ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE 83 - Malaysian Forestry Research and Development Board Act 1985 (Act 319) 84 - Vision 85 - Mission 85 - Functions 85 - Client Charter 86 - Guiding Values 87 - Objectives 87 - Quality Policy and Slogan 88 - Other Government Agencies related to Forestry Sector 90 - FRIM Organisation Chart 2013 91 - Budget 2007-2012 (million) 92 - Manpower 93 - FRIM Directorate 94

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 95 - FRIM Strategic Plan 2011-2020 96

Strategy 1 - Income Generation 97 Strategy 2 - R&D Strategies 97

Strategy 3 - Commercialisation of R&D Output 98 Strategy 4 - Ecotourism 98 Strategy 5 - ICT Application and Services 98 Strategy 6 - Human Resource Development 98 Strategy 7 - Technical Services 99 Strategy 8 - Communication and Promotion in R&D 99

- RESEARCH AREAS 101 Forestry and Environment 102 Forest Products 103 Forestry Biotechnology 105 Forest Biodiversity 106 Natural Products 107 Economic and Strategic Analysis 108

- Research Facilities 109 - Quantum of Funding and Research Projects (1995-to date) 111 - Research Projects as of December 2012 113 - Sciencefund & Technofund Projects (RMK 7 – RMK 10) 114 - Research and Pre-Commercialisation Projects (GPP) (RMK 8 – RMK 10) 115 - Levy Projects (RMK 7 - RMK 10) 116

AWARDS AND RECOGNITIONS 117 - List of awards/ certificates/ accreditations and recognitions (2009-2012) 118

TRAINING COURSES 151 - Public courses conducted by FRIM 152

ECO-TOURISM 155 - Number of visitors to FRIM 156 - Canopy Walkway 158 - Beautiful Sceneries at FRIM 159

INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This second edition of the Compendium of Facts and Figures published by Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) is a revised and updated version of the first compendium; available since 2009. This publication aims to serve as a reference, providing information about FRIM since its establishment, including the updated lists of flora and fauna in the FRIM campus, and to encourage the exchange of data among the different research divisions in FRIM. On this note we wish to thank the FRIM Director-General, YBhg Dato’ Dr Abd Latif Mohmod for without his persistence and support, this book would not have been published, We would like to express our gratitude to all the FRIM Division Directors, Programme/Unit Heads, researchers and the team from the Research Planning and Corporate Division (RePP) and Quality Management Unit (PJK) who had kindly contributed information required for this book. We would also like to thank En. Mohd Yusof b. Mohamed of the FRIM Publications Branch for helping us in the process of selection and editing, and Mr See Yew Kheng of Cleartone Sdn. Bhd. for designing the cover of this compendium free of charge. To everyone who has helped directly or indirectly in making this second edition possible, we thank you.

Praveena & Maria June 2013

i

HISTORY

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11992200ss

11992299

The Regent of Selangor approved the establishment of a Forest Research Institute in an area that was stripped of its original forest cover for vegetable farming and mining activities at Kepong in 1925. A year later, Dr F.W. Foxworthy, the first forest research officer, started work on a forest nursery and experimental plantation on a large scale.

The Institute’s main office building, housing laboratories, the Herbarium and Museum, the chemistry, silviculture and zoology sections plus dwellings, was completed in 1929.

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THE FIRSTS IN MALAYSIAN FORESTRY

No. What When 1. First Forest Department in the Straits Settlement set up 1883 2. First Chief Forest Officer appointed, Mr A.M. Burn-Murdoch 1901

3. Forest research in Malaysia may be said to have dated from the appointment of G.E.S Cubbit as the Chief Forest Officer 1915

4. First Forest Research Officer in Malaya, Dr. F.W. Foxworthy appointed 1918 5. First temporary buildings erected for FRI 1926

6. First timber research institution in the colonial empire, the Timber Research Laboratory, Sentul 1927

7. First Malayan Forest Conference 1933 8. Interim Forest Policy was formulated 1952

9. First use of laminated timber in Malaysia for the construction of a timber workshop at Jambu Rias, Pahang 1956

10. A proposal for a Federal Forest Policy was submitted to the government 1959

11. Abdul Rahman Mohd Ali, the first Malaysian appointed to the post of Chief Research Officer 1963

12. First strike in the history of the Forest Department involving field staff. The strike launched on 16 September ended on 21 October 1965 16 Sept 1965

13. First Pan-Malaysia Forestry Conference 1966 14. First Malay officer to be appointed as Assistant Conservator of Forests. 1966

15. A Unified Interim National Forest Policy for Peninsular Malaysia was agreed and accepted by all the State Governments 1972

16. National Forest Policy introduced 1978 17. National Forestry Act gazetted 1984 18. First forest research institute established in Malaysia 1985 19. First Director-General of FRIM, Tan Sri Dr Salleh Mohd Nor was appointed 1985 20. FRIM organised the 21st IUFRO World Congress, the first ever congress organised 2000

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by a developing country and the largest gathering of forestry congress in Malaysia

21. First Light-Weight Oil Palm Fibre Reinforced Cement Composite Panel (Malaysia Book of Records, MBR) January 2003

22. First public research institute to obtain corporate ISO 9001:2000 certification covering five scopes 2007

23. YB Hajah Nancy Haji Shukri appointed as the first lady MFRDB chairperson effective 15 July 2010 2010

24. FRIM disclosed the first fireflies monitoring method during the International Firefly Symposium on 2 August 2010 2010

25. First Malaysia Book of Records (MBR) for physically challenged-friendly nature trail - The Razak Walk 2012

26. First MBR for oldest sample wood collection (FRIM Xylariorum) 2012 27. First MBR for largest sample wood collection (FRIM Xylariorum) 2012 28. First MBR for the longest planted rattan manau line 2012 29. First MBR to use DNA fingerprinting for timber tracking 2012

30. First MBR to plant mangrove buffer in mud using Comp-Mat and Comp-Pillow planting techniques 2012

31. First MBR for the Oldest And Largest Collection Of Living Museum 2012 32. First MBR for the First Forest Research Institute 2012

33. First MBR for the largest collection of Teak Clones in Malaysia: at FRIM’s Mata Ayer Research Station, Perlis 2012

34. First MBR for the Fire Protection Laboratory 2012 35. First MBR for the Most Petals for a Rafflesia 2012 36. FRIM launches the country’s first iBook on Biodiversity 2013

37. First MBR for the Government Institution that conduct and publicise their Carbon Footprint 2013

38. First MBR for the Scientific Journal with Impact Factor (IF) 2013 39. First MBR for the Global Network Long-Term Ecological Research Plot 2013

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HEADS OF THE INSTITUTE SINCE 1929

Year Name Position 1929-1932 F.W. Foxworthy Forest Research Officer 1932 J.G. Watson Acting, Forest Research Officer A.B.S. Boswell Acting, Forest Research Officer 1933 J.G. Watson Conservator (Research) 1934 E.J. Strugnell Conservator (Research) - acting 1935 J.G. Watson Conservator (Research) 1935-1936 E.J. Strugnell Conservator (Research)- acting 1936-1937 D.H. Hodgson Conservator (Research) 1937 A.B. Walton in charge 1937-1939 T.A. Strong Conservator (Research) 1939 C.C.L. Durant Senior Assistant Conservator 1939-1940 D.H. Hodgson Conservator (Research) 1940 C.C.L. Durant Conservator (Research)

1941 The post Conservator, Research was replaced by time-scale officer and the Adviser of Forestry, Malay States (JG Watson) assumed general responsibilities for research branch 1942-1945 Japanese occupation

1941 F.H. Landon V.L. Brain In charge, Silviculturist General Assistant (Research)

1947-1948 Tan Seng Teong General Assistant (Research)

1949-1950 R.C. Barnard A.J. Fyfe in charge, Silviculturist General Assistant (Research)

1950 Mohd Yakin Long General Assistant (Research) 1950 F.G. Browne Chief Research Officer - acting 1951-1953 A.V. Thomas Chief Research Officer 1953 F.H. Landon Chief Research Officer - acting

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1954 A.V. Thomas Chief Research Officer 1955 J. Wyatt-Smith Chief Research Officer - acting R.C. Barnard Chief Research Officer - acting 1955-1956 F.H. Landon Chief Research Officer

1957 G.G.K. Setten Chief Research Officer (initially in an acting capacity) 1957-1958 J. Wyatt-Smith Chief Research Officer 1958-1963 G.G.K. Setten Chief Research Officer 1963-1965 Abdul Rahman Mohd Ali Chief Research Officer

1966-1970 K.D. Menon Chief Research Officer (initially in an acting capacity) 1971 K.D. Menon Director Forestry & Forest Products Research 1971-1973 Baharuddin Hj Ghazali Director - acting 1974 Ismail Hj Johari Director 1975-1976 Othman Abdul Manan Director 1977 Sheikh Ibrahim Sheikh Ali Director 1977-1985 Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Dr Salleh Mohd Nor Director 1985-1995 Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Dr Salleh Mohd Nor Director-General 1995-2008 Dato’ Dr Abdul Razak Mohd Ali Director-General 2008-present Dato’ Dr Abd. Latif Mohmod Director-General

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DATES OF HISTORICAL INTEREST 1883 - The conception of the department 1901 - The birth of the department and the appointment of the First Chief Forest Officer 1915 - The first Conservator of Forests, Sabah (North Borneo) appointed. 1918 - Forestry research initiated, and the first Forest Research Officer in Peninsular

Malaysia appointed. 1919 - The first Conservator of Forests, Sarawak, appointed. 1921 - The Malayan Forest Records Series initiated. 1924 - Lowland Silviculture Research initiated 1925 - Experimental Plantations established. 1926 - Forest School established. 1929 - Main block of the Forest Research Institute building completed and occupied. - Timber Research Laboratory at Sentul established. 1931 - Forest Botany Section at the Forest Research Institute established. - First issue of the Malayan Forester published. 1932 - Headquarters Bulletin Series initiated. - World Technology Section at the Forest Research Institute established. 1948 - Forest Entomology Section at the Forest Research Institute established. 1951 - Forest Statistics (Mensuration) Section at the Forest Research Institute established. 1952 - Timber Research Laboratory transferred from Sentul to Kepong. 1953 - Pulp and Paper Chemistry Laboratory at the Forest Research Institute established. - Malayan Forest Research Pamphlet series initiated. 1954 - Afforestation Section at the Forest Research Institute established. 1957 - Forest Ecology Section at the Forest Research Institute established. - First issue of the Rimba Muda published. 1962 - Forest Resources Reconnaissance section at the Forest Research Institute

established. 1965 - Forest Resources Reconnaissance Survey Reports Series initiated.

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1965 - New Chemistry Laboratory Building at the Forest Research Institute, Kepong completed and occupied.

1966 - Composite Wood Section at the Forest Research Institute established. - New Research annexe of the Forest Research Institute completed and occupied. 1966 - Present Headquarters Building of the Forest Department, at Jalan Swetthenham,

Kuala Lumpur completed and occupied. - First Pan-Malaysian Forestry Conference held. - First Timber Construction Conference held. 1967 - “Pilot Plantations for Quick-growing species” project initiated. - Sawmilling and Woodworking Section at the Forest Research Institute established. - Soils Science Section at the Forest Research Institute established. - Improvement Section at the Forest Research Institute established. 1968 - Hill Silviculture Section at the Forest Research Institute established.

- “The Forest Industries Development Project” initiated. 1969 - New Library Building at the Forest Research Institute completed and occupied. 1971 - Forest Pathology Section established. 1973 - Forestry College established. 1974 - Watershed Management Section at the Forest Research Institute established. 1976 - Library building initially started as a bird’s nests godown which was converted to a

two-storey building housing the library and the herbarium. Top floor was kept as storage of bird’s nests. MF16:118.

1981 - Forestry Building established. 1986 - Environment and Chemistry Buildings completed. 1987 - Auditorium building housing techno-economy research and information technology

occupied. - First fire door testing facility in Malaysia established with GTZ assistance. 1988 - First furniture testing services made available/offered. - Model House from plywood built. - Etnobotany Garden established.

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1989 - Furniture testing laboratory established. - New design for fire door. 1991 - Approval obtained for establishment of Taman Teknologi Kayu in RMK6. 1992 - Establishment of canopy walkway at Pasoh (NIES) and FRIM (GTZ). 1993 - Establishment of a botanic garden proposed. 1995 - Second fire door furnace built. 1997 - Timber Technology Centre launched. 1999 - Insectarium officially launched. 2000 - FRIM Business Centre established. 2001 - Forest Biotechnology Building officiated. - Timber Technology Centre officiated. 2003 - Herbal Technology Centre and Proteomics Centre set up. - Strategic Plan 2004–2013 completed. 2007 - New herbarium building completed and occupied. Heritage Garden established. 2008 - Herbal Technology Centre established. - Lunching of FMBioSis, the first home-grown biotechnology commercialisation

programme. - FRIM awarded land title for 485.2 of its main campus in Kepong 2009 - FRIM gazetted as a natural heritage site under the National Heritage Act 2005 on 10

February 2009. - FRIM conferred the Nikkei Asia Prize 2009 in recognition of its contribution in

promoting the conservation and sustainable management of natural resources - FRIM received the Mahathir Science Award 2009 under the Tropical Natural

Resources category fot its role in the development of the rubberwood furniture industry in Malaysia

2010 - FRIM Research Gallery was officiated on 10 March 2010 - FRIM was conferred the APECP Excellent Child Contributor Award 2009/2010 - FRIM received the BrandLaureate Award 2010/2011 for Best Brand in Forestry in

Environmental Conservation

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- Bestowed with National Book Award 2010 for “Best Technical Book” category 2011 - Six FRIM laboratories were declared as the BioNexus Partners (BNP) Centre of

Excellence for the development of natural products on 26 July 2011. - FRIM launched its CARB-compliance formaldehyde Emission testing laboratory - FRIM conferred with the International Socrates Award/ European Business Assembly

(EBA) Best Enterprise Award (Applied Research & Scientific Achievement) 2011 - FRIM Director-General awarded with the Best Manager of the Year by International

Socrates Award/ European Business Assembly (EBA) for Applied Research & Scientific Achievement

2012 - FRIM received National Book Award 2012 for “Best Technical Book” category - Perak BioDiversity Tool was launched during the Regional Seminar on Improved

Tools and Methods for Integrating Biodiversity Conservation into Forest Planning on 27 March 2012

- FRIM received the BrandLaureate Award 2011/2012 for Best Brand in Forestry in Environmental Conservation

- Gazetted as a National Heritage under the National Heritage Act 2005 on 10 May 2012

- FRIM received ownership/ land title for its land at Lot 64718, 64710 & 64704 - FRIM accorded recognition by the State Government of Selangor for having

contributed to the development of the state’s ecotourism industry. - Twelve (12) FRIM technologies and R&D achievements received recognition from

Malaysia Book of Records (MBR) - FRIM Director-General re-elected as Chair of the Asia Pacific Association of Forestry

Research Institutions (APAFRI) - FRIM received the Malaysian Standard (MS) Users Award for its contributions and

standardisation initiatives - FRIM awarded with International Diamond Prize for Excellence in Quality by the

European Society of Quality Research (ESQR) 2013 - FRIM launches the country’s first iBook on Biodiversity

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FRIM’S FIELD ESTABLISHMENT RECORD

FIELD ID

PERIMETER (m)

AREA (ha)

YEAR PLANTING

STARTED NO. OF SPECIES

PLANTED

Field 1 1498.960 4.26 1932-1979 24 Field 2: Training

Center (BLP), FDPM 1795.690 15.23 1927-1956 31

Field 3 682.619 2.18 1927-1975 26 Field 4 1064.730 5.63 1929-1940 33 Field 5 1207.670 8.03 1928-1931 3 Field 6 985.426 2.58 1928-1940 1 Field 7 936.768 4.57 1928-1952 26 Field 8 1587.180 11.74 1928-1962 40 Field 9 1684.610 15.73 1927-1940 36 Field 10 2519.180 28.23 1928-1940 32 Field 11 1493.080 6.53 1927-1958 40 Field 12 2530.020 22.24 1927-1957 48 Field 13 1597.280 12.22 1927-1975 5 Field 14 1455.850 7.15 1927-1962 3 Field 15 1956.840 6.34 1937-1962 10 Field 16 1732.400 8.43 1930-1957 39 Field 17 1447.440 8.80 1930-1956 27

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Field 18 896.496 3.74 1931-1956 20 Field 19 1529.230 12.25 1930-1958 40

Field 20 1870.010 12.74 1948-1953 9 + arboretum spp Field 21 961.289 3.57 1933-1951 9 Field 22 859.545 4.02 1933-1951 8 Field 23 927.642 4.62 1934-1962 12 Field 24 1841.350 10.63 1934-1962 28 Field 25 813.813 3.57 1935-1953 2 Field 26 826.288 3.58 1934-1952 5 Field 27 1278.670 9.84 1935-1959 56 Field 28 1120.020 4.86 1935-1978 5 Field 29 1798.170 17.81 1935-1959 14 Field 30 1069.020 7.04 1935-1960 6 Field 31 1436.630 11.87 1935-1957 5 Field 32 1383.770 7.19 1934-1957 35 Field 33 1377.410 6.63 1936-1963 7 Field 34 1156.930 5.51 1947-1976 1 Field 35 1012.120 5.58 1945-1960 3 Field 36 1217.440 7.86 1947-1963 6 Field 37 1276.230 9.59 1932-1958 2 Field 38 2441.980 29.66 1935-1958 4

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Field 39 2072.200 5.14 1935-1945 2 Field 40 1300.000 7.80 1937-1940 2 Field 41 1770.590 8.84 1978 1 Field 42 1192.930 8.81 - - Field 43 1493.210 12.56 - - Field 44 4873.150 26.00 1959-2009 10 Field 45 1409.310 10.91 1963-2012 9 Field 46 3960.330 29.99 1964-1998 17 Field 47 1680.470 9.01 1960-2004 7 Field 48 1776.180 13.48 1962-2011 18 Field 49 1024.660 4.49 1962-2010 2 Field 50 1460.450 7.93 1964-2013 2 Field 51 1158.720 5.65 1963-1964 3 Field 52 1749.500 14.35 1997-2008 8 Field 53 1574.780 13.50 1997-2009 Clone Bank Field 54 2980.240 20.74 2012-to date 15 Field 55 1334.850 8.74 NA NA

A: SYABAS Water Plant 207.039 NA NA NA

B: JBA Laboratory 71.860 NA NA NA C: Masjid 236.677 NA NA NA D: TNB 150.832 NA NA NA

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E: KAFA School 421.190 NA NA NA F: TNB 92.321 NA NA NA

G: JBA/SYABAS Quarters 300.493 NA NA NA

BLP Quarters 1228.310 NA NA NA Fire and Rescue

Department 626.500 NA NA NA

Police Department (PDRM) 609.018 NA NA NA

SYABAS: River Reserve 3853.560 NA NA NA

SYABAS: River Reserve 4242.190 NA NA NA

Muslim Graveyard 966.649 NA NA NA TNB 177.049 NA NA NA

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BOUNDARIES OF STUDY FIELDS IN FRIM

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THE CAMPUS

SATELLITE IMAGE OVER FRIM CAMPUS

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THREE-DIMENSIONAL PERSPECTIVE OF FRIM

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FRIM AREA

FRIM Area Forested Area Non

Forested (d)

Grand Total

(e) = (c) + (d) Planted

(a) Natural

(b) Total Forested (c) = (a) + (b)

Area (ha) 461.88 40.13 502.01 42.75 544.76 Percentage (%) 84.8 7.4 92.2 7.8 100.0 The Planted Forest includes the following:

i. Dipterocarp Arboretum: 6.5 ha ii. Non-Dipterocarp Arboretum: 14 ha iii. Coniferatum: 2.5 ha iv. Fruit Tree Arboretum: 0.6 ha v. Monocotyledon Arboretum: 1.5 ha vi. Bambusetum: 1.5 ha

Landscape: Highest land elevation: 290.02 m above MSL Lowest land elevation: 54.30 m above MSL

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WATER BODIES

1. Specific area (hectarage)

Lakes/Ponds Area (m2 / ha) Perimeter (meter) Wetland (Paya Burung) 5342.0 m2 / 0.53 ha 624.33 m Masjid pond 716 m2 / 0.07 ha 105.2 m Arapaima pond 1056.37 m2 / 0.11 ha 248.19 m KBG ponds 1. 40201.26 m2 / 4.02 ha 1194.53 m 2. 1676.18 m2 / 0.17 ha 163.02 m 3. 1156.11m2 / 0.12 ha 146.02 m 4. 1587.74 m2 / 0.16 ha 174.88 m 5. 503.25 m2 / 0.05 ha 110.97 m 6. 2562.33 m2 / 0.26 ha 231.99 m 7. 1259.0 m2 / 0.13 ha 161.94 m 8. 2594.0 m2 / 0.26 ha 249.43 m

Name of river Length Width

Sungai (Sg.) Kroh Seven (7) tributaries connected to Sg. Kroh

1.835 km Between 250 m and 890 m

3.0 m to 7.9 m No measurement made.

Sungai Chemubong Eight (8) tributaries connected to Sg. Chemubong

1.624 km Between 280 m and 820 m

2.5 m to 5.0 m No measurement made.

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PLANT SPECIES AND GENE BANK COLLECTIONS IN FRIM CAMPUS

i. FRIM currently houses the National Herbarium for Malaysia. The herbarium has more

than 350,000 specimens with over 213,706 collections that have been entered into the system.

ii. FRIM has been conducting and documenting botanical and conservation projects

since 1929. Among some of its significant publications are: Tree Flora of Malaya in four volumes, A Manual of Rattans of the Malay Peninsula, Foresters’ Manual of Dipterocarps, The Bamboos of Peninsular Malaysia, Manual of Forest Fruits, Seeds and Seedlings in two volumes, Pocket Checklist of Timber Trees and Endemic Trees of the Malay Peninsula. Currently, the Institute is still working on the Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak, of which seven out of 12 volumes have been published. In addition, the Flora of Peninsular Malaysia project will see about 20 volumes of vascular plant species found in Peninsular Malaysia revised.

iii. Since 1929, FRIM has set up many arboreta (living collections of trees) and gardens

as ex-situ collection, viz.

Type of Arboreta Year Established

Number of Species Initial

Planting As at Dec 2012

Dipterocarp Arboretum 1928 131 120 Non-Dipterocarp Arboretum 1928 180 169 Coniferatum 1949 23 23 Fruit Tree Arboretum 1979 80 89 Monocot Garden 1981 100 100

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Bambusetum 1994 50 39 indigenous and 6 exotic species Ethno-botanical Garden 1994 80 275 Life collection in nurseries and Kepong Botanic Garden (KBG) specialising in ex-situ collection of indigenous plants particularly rare, endemic, and threatened species in Malaysia.

1998 580 528

Total species in life collection 1224 1349

In-situ collection on FRIM grounds and forest areas:

Number of Species Initial Planting As at Dec 2012 Plantation species and wild plants: 1500 927 Grand total of species found in FRIM: 1224 + 1500 = 2724 1349 + 927 = 2276

Among other, FRIM has a fungi collection totaling 3,000 specimens.

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LOCATION AND SPECIES OF TREES PLANTED IN FRIM SUB PLOT TREE SPECIES AREA (H)

1A Bitis, Keruing, Melunak, Keruing kertas, Meranti daun besar 1.2736 1B Cluster of shrubs 2.7124 1C Medang daun besar, Keruing, Kempas, Tualang 1.1432 1D Borneo dipterocarp sp., Meranti 0.3583 1E Gmelina arborea, Tembusu, Merbau, Sentang, Borneo sp. 2.1907 1F1 Hook Pine 0.6618 1F2 Miscellaneous species 0.8402 2A1 Perah, Gmelina arborea 0.3349 2A2 Batai 0.3806 2A3 Batai, Meranti tembaga 0.3833 2A4 Pelong 0.3247 2A5 Simpoh 0.4301 2B Stony shrubs, Meranti belang 1.2692 2C Gmelina arborea 1.2179 2D1 Sentang 0.3412 2D2 Hook Pine 0.2535 2D3 Eucalyptus 0.4036 2E Miscellaneous species 3.0287 3A1 Meranti rambai daun, Merawan siput, Meranti tembaga, Tembusu, 0.5639 3A2 Tembusu 0.4664 3B1 Miscellaneous dipterocarp and non dipterocarp, Tembusu, Meranti 1.6417

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tembaga, Meranti sarang punai, Meranti kepong

3B2 Petai, Tembusu, Sena, Mengkulang, Melunak, Meranti sarang punai, Keruing kipas, Meranti kepong 1.6347

4A Gmelina arborea, Sengkawang air, Kapur, Keruing gondol 0.4945

4B Balau merah, Meranti tembaga, Balau sengwakang air, Mersawa, Mersawa gajah, Kapur, miscellaneous dipterocarp 0.2606

4C Balau merah, Balau kumus, Balau, Meranti rambai daun, Meranti tembaga, Taban, Balau sengwakang air 0.4168

4D Bitis, Kapur, Mahagony, Bintangor, Mersawa, Mengkulang 0.4375 4E Penaga, Balau merah, Merawan, Bintangor 0.4163

4F Balau merah, Balau laut, Balau bukit, Merawan siput, Sengkawang air, Merawan 0.484

4G Kempas, Balau laut, Keladan, Kapur, Meranti rambai daun, Bintangor 0.4404

4H Meranti seraya 0.2783

4I Mersawa, Balau laut,Keladan, Meranti nemesu, Mersawa merah, Kapur, Keruing belimbing and miscellaneous dipterocarp 0.903

4J Kapur, Keladan, Balau kumus hitam, Jelutong 0.5826 4K Sengkawang merah, Balau kumus, Meranti temak 0.6926 4L Jelutong, Mersawa gajah 1.0533

5 Cengal, Keladan, Balau kumus, Meranti sengkawang merah, Kedondong, Penarahan, Perah 5.3837

6 Keledang, Petaling, Dedali, Tampang, Kulim, Nyatoh, Kedondong 3.8975 7A Gmelina arborea 0.5215 7B Kapur, Balau sengkawang air, Melunak 0.5682 7C Mixed planting, Gmelina arborea, Taban 0.2783

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7D Gmelina arborea, Chengal, Bintangor 0.4142 7E Balau sengkawang air 0.206 7F Balau kumus hitam, Balau laut, Balau pasir, Resak 0.4929 7G Balau sengkawang air, Medang 0.1617 7H Meranti seraya 0.1552 7I Meranti tembaga 0.1095

7J Dipterocarp species, Keruing belimbing, Keruing bulu, Balau kumus hitam, Meranti temak, Balau laut 0.9797

7K Gmelina arborea, Mahagony, Balau sengkawang air, Kapur 1.4979 7M Balau, Balau kumus hitam, Gmelina arborea, Balau sengkawang air 0.5289 8A Keruing gombang, Meranti pa’ang 0.2753 8B Penaga, Keruing etoi 0.1793 8C Bintangor batu 0.2443 8D Nyatoh tembaga, Bintangor daun karat 0.2787 8E Sengkawang air, Nyatoh tembaga, Balau sengkawang air 0.3425 8F Meranti seraya, Bintangor 0.3375 8G Kapur, Keruing gombang 0.3756 8H Nyatoh bukit, Meranti tembaga 0.307 8I Simpoh gajah, Meranti tembaga 0.2063 8J Rengas, Taban merah, Nyatoh 0.3817 8K Pinus merkusii, Pinus caribea, Meranti sarang punai 0.3494 8L Kapur, Meranti tembaga 0.338 8M Meranti tembaga, Meranti sarang punai, Meranti rambai daun 0.3026 8N Kempas, Meranti paang, Meranti kepong 0.4746 8O Meranti pa’ang, Petaling, Kapur 0.4191

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8P Kapur, Meranti sarang punai, Keladan, Meranti pa’ang 0.4431 8Q Keladan, Balau kumus hitam, Balau merah, Balau bukit 0.4998

8R Balau kumus hitam, Meranti sarang punai, Sengkawang Merah, Akasia 0.5534

8S Keruing ropol, Kapur, Meranti pipit 0.3085 8T Kapur, Meranti pipit 0.5163 8U Belian, Durian, Gelam 1.7791 8V Miscellaneous species 1.0247 8W Pinus caribea 0.2895

9A Miscellaneous dipterocarp, Kempas, Mahagony, Kapur, Tempinis, Tembusu, Kapur, Chengal 3.9503

9B Pelong, Meranti tembaga 0.9248

9C Meranti sarang punai, Meranti tembaga, Meranti Kepong, Miscellaneous dipterocarp 1.0127

9D Miscellaneous dipterocarp 0.4435 9E Bitis, Mersawa, durian, Rengas, Chengal 0.4956 9F Taban merah 0.2403 9G Hymenaea courbaril, Penaga, Meranti tembaga 0.8421 9H Karas, Meranti tembaga, miscellaneous dipterocarp 1.3875 9I Miscellaneous Shorea 0.5838 9J Simpoh, Meranti sengkawang merah 0.4296 9K Meranti rambai daun, Meranti tembaga 0.5127 9L Meranti belang, Kembang semangkuk, Simpoh, Meranti bukit 0.6192 9M Meranti tembaga, Simpoh, Durian 0.537 9N Pelong, Hymenaea courbaril 0.7938

27

9O Durian, Dedali, Hymenaea courbaril 0.393 9P Durian, Kapur 0.7692 9Q Pelong 2.0125 10A Tembusu 0.4562 10B Bitis 0.2974 10C Sengkawang air, Penaga laut 0.3178 10D Jelutong, Taban merah 0.5243 10E Kekabu hutan, Jelutong 3.1305 10F Meranti tembaga, Merawan siput, Balau kumus 0.5787 10G Merawan siput, Pulai 0.6572 10H Jelutong, Meranti sarang punai bukit, Meranti tembaga 0.7525

10I Medang daun besar, Penaga, Nyatoh tembaga, Keladan, Mahagony, Sengkawang air

1.9894

10J Medang daun besar, Keladan, Araucaria cunninghamii, Macsopsis spp, Balau sengkawang air 7.8032 10L Miscellaneous species 0.057 10M Miscellaneous species 0.0617 10N Jelutong 0.2094 10O Meranti tembaga 0.3657 10P Sengkawang air 0.3505 10Q Bitis 0.3544 10R Meranti langgong, Seraya 0.4008 10S Miscellaneous species 0.3481

10S1 Miscellaneous species 0.6261 10U Miscellaneous species 9.4406

28

10V Kapur 1.0798 10W Pinus merkusii, Gegatal, Acacia riohil, Araucaria cunninghamii 5.5713 10X Miscellaneous species, Pinus caribaea 2.5337 11A Merawan siput, Penaga, Mahagony, Sesenduk 0.7165

11B Penaga, Meranti langgong, miscellaneous dipterocarp, Non dipterocarp 0.794

11C Kulim, Balau sengkawang air, Bitis, Kulim, Penaga 1.1703

11D Taban merah, Taban, Sesenduk, Bitis, Balau sengkawang air, Durian 0.6123

11E Balau sengkawang air,Meranti tembaga, Kulim, Sengkawang, Kedondong air, Petaling, Meranti temak, Penarahan

0.9095 11F Meranti melantai, Penarahan, Keruing bulu, Kulim, Mengkulang 0.8175 11G Meranti padang, Penarahan 0.431 11H Chengal 0.2887

12A Miscellaneous dipterocarp, Kapur, Jelutong, Jenerlang, Keladan, Malabera 3.9946

12B Jemerlang 2.0337 12C Keladan, Kapur 2.1842 12D Balau Laut, Mersawa, Keladan, Kapur, Keruing bulu 3.5747 12E Kapur 2.9

12F Keladan, Mersawa, Belian, Jelutong, Jemerlang, Kapur, Perah, Engkabang, Ramin, Melawis, Meranti belang, Meranti Kepong

5.8713 12G Miscellaneous species 5.79 13A Miscellaneous species 1.2783 13B Coniferitum, Araucaria cunninghamii 3.6884

29

13C Gegatal, Sengkawang air, Balau, Eucalyptus 1.9993 13D Nursery 2.8968 14A Sengkawang air, Durian, Cengal 1.7693 14B Nyatoh, Merbatu, Meranti temak 1.0 14C Jelutong, Meranti sengkawang merah, Kelat jambu, Buloh, Meranti 1.0085 14E Engkabang 2.5629 15A Gelam 7.0102 15B Belian 0.7639

15C Rotan, Gelam, Sengkawang air, Keladan, Resak laru, Merbau, Gmelina arborea 2.7222

16A Maesopsis eminii, Pelong, Engkabang, Meranti bakau, Keruing mempelas 3.1921

16B Melunak, Pelong, Araucaria cunningham, miscellaneous dipterocarp, mersawa, Penaga, Keruing mempelas

3.5722

16C Kelat jambu, Meranti pa’ang, Merbau, Meranti tembaga, Meranti sarang punai, Meranti bakau, Keruing mempelas

1.3464 17A Seraya 0.706 17B Meranti tembaga 0.7108 17C Mersawa gajah, Meranti tembaga 1.0913 17D Meranti sarang punai, Mahagony, Flindersia brayleana 1.2904 17E Meranti sarang punai, Balau Pasir 0.7632 17F Meranti pa’ang, Meranti sarang punai, Meranti temak 0.5497 17G Keruing padi, miscellaneous dipterocarp 0.5019 17H Other dipterocarp 0.6602 17I Sengkawang putih, Sengkawang air 0.5199

30

17J Selangan, Meranti langgai, Engkabang rusa, S.albidia, S.almen 0.4565 17K Meranti batu, Kempas 0.2535 17L Keladan, Kapur, Kempas, Meranti pa’ang 1.2357 17M Engkabang bintang, Kempas 0.43 17N Keladan 0.8539 17O Keladan, Meranti pa’ang 0.8384 18A Keladan 0.5915 18B Meranti bakau, Pelong 0.5005 18C Keladan 0.9787 18D Maesopsis aminu 0.4759 18E Pinus mercusii, A.cunninghamii, Pinus insularis 0.9116 18F Pinus caribea, A.bidivilli,Klinki Pine 1.1411 19A Keruing, Meranti paya 0.2464 19B Petaling 0.3951 19C Simpoh 0.6086 19D Mersawa, Mahagony, Balau pasir 0.3471 19E Balau pasir 0.2306 19F Meranti sengkawang merah 0.3186 19G Balau kumus 0.4176 19H Meranti batu, Keladan 0.2569

19HA-HJ Miscellaneous species 0.5547 19I Keruing 0.4249 19J Kulim, Meranti kepong, Shorea ovalis, Balau pasir 0.2833 19K Kapur 0.4923 19L Balau bukit, Sengkawang merah 0.2136

31

19M Meranti belang 0.1568 19N Mahagony 0.3716 19O Pelong 0.5962 19P Keladan 0.651 19Q Keruing erot, Merawan 0.1645 19R Keladan 0.4774 19S Mahagony 0.6946 20 Miscellaneous dipterocarps and non-dipterocarps 12.74

21A Mahagony 0.8084 21B Keladan, Sengkawang air 2.2996 22A Mengkulang 2.4458 22B Natural forest 1.7939 23A Pinus caribea 1.3397 23B Hymenaea courbaril 0.9667 23C Mahagony, Perah 2.0181 24A Agathis corantlifolia, Merbau 4.2834 24B Damar minyak, Agathis macrophylla 4.9692 26A Pinus merkusii, Perah 1.0277 26B Perah, Shorea sp. 1.1254 26C Cluster of shrubs 2.0234 27A Buloh beting, Coniforetum, Getah paka 2.1628

27B Araucarea cunninghamii, Miscellaneous Eucalyptus, Perah, Pinus insularis, Sentang, Pelang 4.0221

27C Maesopsis eminii 3.3185 29 Medang gegatal, Fagraea fragrans, Hevea brasilensis, Pinus 17.81

32

caribaea, Rumbia metroxylon, Shorea macrophylla, Acacia mangium 30A Miscellaneous species 0.4074 30B Brazil nut 0.3474 30C Flindersia brayleyana, African mahogany (Khaya ivorensis) 0.6407 30D Brazil nut 0.3738 30E Kapur , Khaya ivorensis 0.49 30F Khaya anthathatha, Araucariea cunninghanmii, Khaya grandifolia 1.4118 31A Kapur, Karas 2.084 31B Kapur, Keladan, Pinus caribae 1.9865 31C Maesopsis eminie 3.664 31D Maesopsis eminie 1.6784 32A Medang daun besar, Kapur, Balau sengkawang air 3.2589 32B Eucalyptus deglupta, Jati 0.7063 32C Balau sengkawang air 1.1532 33A Belian, Resak raya, Taxodium mucaranatum 1.8155 33B Gegatal, Maesopsis eminii, Bintangor daun karat 2.2076 33C Miscellaneous species 0.9509 33D Meranti temak nipis, Ru gunong, swamp-land 5.0316 35A Miscellaneous species, Pinus caribae 2.0783 35B Araucarea cunninghamii, Pinus caribae 1.1875 35C Araucarea cunninghamii, Pinus caribae 2.7076 36A Medang gegatal, P. insularis 2.1676 36B Stony shrubs, Gmelina arborea, Damar minyak 3.2079 36C Gegatal 1.7175 37A Durian (Durio zibethinus) 2.1387

33

37B Gmelina arborea 1.2171 37C Durian 1.6959 37D Durian 0.5495 37E Miscellaneous species 1.7815 38A Gmelina arborea 3.1792 38B Gmelina arborea, Damar minyak 5.0066 38C Para rubber 11.9995 40 Macaranga spp. (Mahang) 7.80

41-42 Natural forest 10.5191 43 Natural forest, Chengal 12.6391

44A Pinus isularis, Jelutong, Khaya ivorensis, Azadirachta excelsa, Pouteria malaccensi,Peronema canescens, Aquilaria malaccensis, Tectona grandis, Octomeles sumatrana

4.2067

44B Jelutong, Pouteria malaccensis, Shorea leprosula, Peronema canescens, Octomeles sumatrana, Merawan siput jantan 2.00

44C Dyera costulata, Hopea odorata, Shorea leprosula S. acuminate, Aquilaria malaccesis (Karas) and Azadirachta excelsa 3.24

44D Pinus isularis, Aquilaria malaccensis , Alstonia angustiloba 3.66

45A Pinus isularis, Khaya ivorensis, Dyera costulata, Aquilaria subintegra, Eucalyptus hybrid, Gigantochloa albociliata 2.39

45B Natural Vegetation 2.10 45C Acacia hybrid 2.78 45D Tectona grandis, Acacia (A. mangium & A. auriculiformis) 2.31 46A Khaya ivorensis, Hevea brasiliensis 6.19

47AB Khaya ivorensis, Endospermum malaccense, Khaya ivorensis, Hopea odorata, Jelutong 1.1204

34

47C Chukrasia provenance 1.46 47D Azadirachta excelsa 1.58 47E Dyera costulata 1.24 47F Dyera costulata 1.14

48A Neolamarckia cadamba, Dyera costulata, Shorea glauca, Neobalanocarpus hemii, Octomeles sumatrana, Aquilaria malaccensis, Khaya ivorensis, Medicinal Plants-Eurycoma longifolia

1.86

48B Khaya ivorensis, Endospermum diadenum, Hopea odorata, Pouteria malaccensis, Dyera costulata, Azadirachta excelsa, Dipterocarpus chartaceus, Shorea leprosula, Aquilaria hirta

2.20

48C Neolamarckia cadamba, Octomeles sumatrana, Aquilaria hirta, Aquilaria malaccensis 1.01

48D Khaya ivorensis, Shorea ovalis, Peronema canescens Shorea macrophylla, Neolamarckia cadamba 3.40

49A Pinus caribea, Shorea platyclados 1.18 49B Pinus caribea, Shorea platyclados 1.78 49C Pinus caribea, Shorea platyclados 2.59 50A Pinus caribea, Eucalyptus deglupta, Macaranga spp. (Mahang) 1.72 50B Pinus caribea, Eucalyptus deglupta 1.34 50C Pinus caribea, Eucalyptus deglupta 2.59 51A Araucaria hunsteinii 8.37 51B Araucaria hunstenii 1.98 51C Araucaria hunstenii 1.86 51D Araucaria hunsteinii 0.97 52A Hopea odorata, Neobalanocarpus hemii 0.8 52B Aquilaria crassna 1.54

35

52C Acacia hybrids 1.98 52D Pterocarpus indicus, Shorea roxburghii 1.42

52(Ext) Citrus hystrix/ C.microcarpa NA

53AB E. malaccense, A. Malaccensis, Sesbania aculeata, Shorea roxburghii 2.51

54 Cengal, Balau sengkawang air, Belian, Meranti tembaga, Nyatoh, Kapur, Merbau and etc. 8.74

XX Miscellaneous species 40.5985

36

FAUNA IN FRIM

FRIM has a zoological collection of 200 specimens, particularly small mammals and herpeto-fauna (frogs, snakes). Its entomological collection totals to 400,000 specimens that include moths, butterflies, termites and insect pests. The institute also compiles checklist of four zoological taxa faound in FRIM, namely birds, mammals, herpetofauna and freshwater fishes. The checklists are as follows;

• Birds : 46 families and 185 species • Mammals : 16 families and 58 species • Reptiles : 15 families and 75 species • Amphibians : 6 families and 31 species • Freshwater fishes : 13 families and 21 species

In addition, the butterfly fauna of FRIM comprises 204 species. The following are checklists of birds, mammals, freshwater fish and reptiles as well as butterfly faunal composition.

37

SUMMARY CHECKLIST OF BIRDS

NO. FAMILY NUMBER OF SPECIES OCCURED 1. ARDEIDAE 3 2. ACCIPITRIDAE 7 3. FALCONIDAE 1 4. PHASIANIDAE 2 5. RALLIDAE 2 6. COLUMBIDAE 6 7. PSITTACIDAE 1 8. CUCULIDAE 14 9. TYTONIDAE 1 10. STRIGIDAE 4 11. BATRACHOSTOMIDAE 1 12. CAPRIMULGIDAE 1 13. APODIDAE 2 14. HEMIPROCNIDAE 2 15. TROGONIDAE 2 16. ALCEDINIDAE 11 17. MEROPIDAE 3 18. CORACIIDAE 1 19. BUCEROTIDAE 5 20. CAPITONIDAE 6 21. PICIDAE 10 22. EURYLAIMIDAE 5 23. PITTIDAE 2 24. HIRUNDINIDAE 2

38

NO. FAMILY NUMBER OF SPECIES OCCURED 25. CAMPEPHAGIDAE 4 26. CHLOROPSEIDAE 4 27. PYCNONOTIDAE 16 28. DICRURIDAE 2 29. ORIOLIDAE 1 30. IRENIDAE 1 31. CORVIDAE 4 32. SITTIDAE 1 33. TIMALIIDAE 8 34. TURDIDAE 4 35. SYLVIIDAE 8 36. MUSCICAPIDAE 7 37. MONARCHIDAE 1 38. MOTACILLIDAE 3 39. LANIIDAE 2 40. STURNIDAE 5 41. NECTARINIIDAE 9 42. DICAEIDAE 4 43. ZOSTEROPIDAE 1 44. PLOCEIDAE 2 45. ESTRILDIDAE 3 46. PASSERIDAE 1

TOTAL 185

39

CHECKLIST OF BIRDS

FAMILY SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME LOCAL NAME ARDEIDAE Ardeidae Butorides striatus Little Heron Pucung keladi Ardeidae Ixobrychus sinensis Yellow Bittern Pucung kuning Ardeidae Ixobrychus cinnamomeus Cinnamon Bittern Pucung bendang ACCIPITRIDAE Accipitridae Haliaeetus leucogaster White-Bellied Sea-Eagle Lang siput Accipitridae Spilornis cheela Crested Serpent-Eagle Lang berjambul Accipitridae Accipiter trivirgatus Crested Goshawk Lang sikap Accipitridae Spizaetus cirrhatus Changeable Hawk-Eagle Lang hindek

Accipitridae Spizaetus nanus (alboniger) Wallace's Hawk-Eagle Lang selat

Accipitridae Pernis ptilorhynchus Oriental Honey-Buzzard Helang lebah Accipitridae Accipiter gularis (virgatus) Japanese Sparrowhawk Lang sewah FALCONIDAE Falconidae Microhierax fringillarius Black thighed Falconet Helang rajawali PHASIANIDAE Phasianidae Gallus gallus Red Junglefowl Ayam hutan Phasianidae Argusianus argus Great Argus Kuang raya RALLIDAE Raillidae Amaurornis phoenicurus White-breasted Waterhen Ruak-ruak Raillidae Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen Tiong air COLUMBIDAE Columbidae Treron olax Little Green Pigeon Punai daun Columbidae Treron vernans Pink-necked Pigeon Punai gading Columbidae Ptilinopus jambu Jambu Fruit Dove Punai jambu

40

FAMILY SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME LOCAL NAME

Columbidae Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Dove Tekukur Columbidae Geopelia striata Zebra Dove Columbidae Chalcophaps indica Green-winged Pigeon (Emerald Dove) Punai tanah

PSITTACIDAE

Psittacidae Loriculus galgulus Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot Serindit

CUCULIDAE Cuculidae Hierococcyx fugax Malaysian Hawk-Cuckoo Cuculidae Cuculus micropterus Indian Cuckoo Sewah india Cuculidae Cacomantis sonneratii Banded Bay Cuckoo Sewah takuweh Cuculidae Cacomantis merulinus Plaintive Cuckoo Sewah mati anak Cuculidae Cacomantis sepulachralis Rusty-breasted Cuckoo Sewah gua

Cuculidae Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus Violet Cuckoo Sewah rembah

Cuculidae Surniculus lugubris Drongo Cuckoo Sewah sawai Cuculidae Eudynamys scolopacea Asian Koel Sewah tahu Cuculidae Phaenicophaeus diardi Black-bellied Malkoha Cenok perut hitam

Cuculidae Phaenicophaeus sumatranus Chestnut-bellied Malkoha Cenok perut coklat

Cuculidae Phaenicophaeus chlorophaeus Raffles's Malkoha Cenok raffle

Cuculidae Phaenicophaeus javanicus Red-billed Malkoha Cenok paruh merah

Cuculidae Phaenicophaeus curvirostris Chestnut-breasted Malkoha Cenok dada coklat

Cuculidae Centropus sinensis Greater Coucal But-but carik anak

41

FAMILY SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME LOCAL NAME STRIGIDAE

Strigidae Otus bakkamonea (asio) Collared Scops-Owl Hantu reban

Strigidae Ninox scutulata Brown Boobook Hantu betemak Strigidae Bubo sumatranus Barred Eagle-Owl Hantu bubu Strigidae Ketupa ketupu Buffy Fish-Owl Hantu kuning BATRACHOSTOMIDAE Batrachostomidae Batrachostomus javensis Javan frogmouth

CAPRIMULGIDAE Caprimulgidae Caprimulgus macrurus (macrourus) Large-tailed Nightjar Tukang/Burung malas

APODIDAE Apodidae Collocalia esculenta (linchi) Glossy Swiftlet Apodidae Apus affinis House Swift Layang-layang rumah HEMIPROCNIDAE Hemiprocnidae Hemiprocne congipensis Grey-rumped Treeswift

Layang-layang berjambul kelabu

Hemiprocnidae Hemiprocne comata Whiskered Treeswift Layang-layang berjambul kecil TROGONIDAE Trogonidae Harpactes diardii Diard's Trogon Kesumba bukit Trogonidae Harpactes duvaucelii Scarlet-rumped Trogon Kesumba puteri ALCEDINIDAE Alcedinidae Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher Pekaka cit-cit kecil

42

FAMILY SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME LOCAL NAME Alcedinidae Todiramphus chloris Collared Kingfisher Pekaka sungai Alcedinidae Halcyon capensis Stork-billed Kingfisher Pekaka paruh pendek Alcedinidae Alcedo meninting Blue-eared Kingfisher Binti-binti Alcedinidae Ceyx erithacus Rufous-backed Kingfisher Pekaka api Alcedinidae Halcyon smyrnensis White-throated Kingfisher Pekaka dada putih Alcedinidae Actenoides concretus Rufous-collared Kingfisher Pekaka rimba besar Alcedinidae Halcyon pileata Black-capped Kingfisher Pekaka kepala hitam Alcedinidae Ceyx rufidorsa Rufous-backed Kingfisher Pekaka api Alcedinidae Halcyon coromanda Ruddy kingfisher Alcedinidae Lacedo pulchella Banded Kingfisher Kaing-kaing bukit MEROPIDAE Meropidae Merops phlippinus Blue-tailed Bee-eater Beberek ekor biru Meropidae Merops viridis Blue-throated Bee-eater Beberek leher biru Meropidae Nyctyornis amictus Red-bearded Bee-eater Beberek tunggal CORACIIDAE Coraciidae Eurystomus orientalis Dollarbird (Broad-billed Roller) BUCEROTIDAE Bucerotidae Berenicornis comatus White-crowned Hornbill Enggang bulu Bucerotidae Aceros undulatus Wreathed Hornbill Enggang gunung Bucerotidae Buceros rhinoceros Rhinoceros Hornbill Enggang Bucerotidae Rhinoplax vigil Helmeted Hornbill Burung tebang mentua Bucerotidae Annorrhinus galeritus Bushy-crested Hornbill Enggang buluh CAPITONIDAE Megalaimidae Megalaima lineata Lineated Barbet Takur kukup

Megalaimidae Megalaima chrysopogon Gold-whiskered Barbet Takur pipi kuning

43

FAMILY SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME LOCAL NAME

Megalaimidae Megalaima mystacophanos Red-throated Barbet Takur leher merah

Megalaimidae Megalaima australis Blue-eared Barbet Takur pipi biru

Megalaimidae Megalaima haemacephala Coppersmith Barbet Takur akar

Megalaimidae Colorhamphus fuliginosus Brown Barbet Takur dahan

PICIDAE Picidae Sasia abnormis Rufous Piculet Belatuk kerdil Picidae Celeus brachyurus Rufous Woodpecker Belatuk biji nangka Picidae Picus puniceus Crimson-winged Yellownape Belatuk sayap merah

Picidae Picus mentalis Chequer-throated Woodpecker Belatuk ranting

Picidae Dinopium javanense Common Goldenback Belatuk emas/belatuk pinang kecil Picidae Meiglyptes tristis Buff-rumped Woodpecker Belatuk belakang kuning Picidae Meiglyptes tukki Buff-necked Woodpecker Belatuk leher kuning

Picidae Hemicirus concretus Grey-and-Buff Woodpecker Belatuk kecil kepala kelabu Picidae Blythipicus rubiginosus Maroon Woodpecker Belatuk punggur

Picidae Reinwardtipicus validus Orange-backed Woodpecker Belatuk dada merah

EURYLAIMIDAE Eurylaimidae Corydon sumatranus (corydon) Dusky Broadbill Takau besar

Eurylaimidae Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchus Black-and-Red Broadbill Burung rakit

44

FAMILY SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME LOCAL NAME Eurylaimidae Eurylaimus javanicus Banded Broadbill Takau rimba

Eurylaimidae Eurylaimus ochromalus Black-and-Yellow Broadbill Takau hitam kuning

Eurylaimidae Colyptomena viridis Green Broadbill Burung seluwit / takau hijau PITTIDAE Pittidae Pitta sordida Hooded Pitta Burung pacat hijau

Pittidae Pitta moluccensis (nympha, brachyura) Blue-winged Pitta Burung Pacat Sayap Biru

HIRUNDINIDAE Hirundinidae Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow Layang-layang hijrah

Hirundinidae Hirundo tahitica (javanica) Pacific Swallow Layang-layang Pasifik

CAMPEPHAGIDAE Campephagidae Hemipus hirundinaceus

Black-winged Flycatcher-Shrike Rembah sayap hitam

Campephagidae Lalage nigra Pied Triller Rembah kening putih Campephagidae Tephrodornis gularis Large Wood-Shrike Rembah kayu besar Campephagidae Pericrocotus flammeus Scarlet minivet Burung matahari CHLOROPSEIDAE Chloropseidae Aegithina viridissima Green Iora Burung kunyit hijau Chloropseidae Aegithina tiphia Common Iora Burung kunyit kecil

Chloropseidae Chloropsis cyanopogon Lesser Green Leafbird Burung daun kecil

Chloropseidae Chloropsis cochinchinensis Blue-winged Leafbird Burung daun sayap biru

PYCNONOTIDAE

45

FAMILY SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME LOCAL NAME Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus zeylanicus Straw-headed Bulbul Barau-barau Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus atriceps Black-headed Bulbul Merbah siam

Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus melanicterus Black-crested Bulbul Merbah jambul hitam

Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus squamatus Scaly-breasted Bulbul Merbah bersisik

Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus cyaniventris Grey-bellied Bulbul Merbah perut kelabu

Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus jocosus Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus finlaysoni Stripe-throated Bulbul Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus brunneus Red-eyed Bulbul Merbah mata merah Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus goiavier Yellow-vented Bulbul Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus erytropthalmus

Spectacled Bulbul (Lesser Brown Bulbul)

Merbah mata merah kecil

Pycnonotidae Alophoixus bres Grey-cheeked Bulbul Merbah sampah

Pycnonotidae Alophoixus phaeocephalus Yellow-bellied Bulbul Merbah perut kuning

Pycnonotidae Setornis criniger Hook-billed Bulbul Pycnonotidae Iole olivacea Buff-vented Bulbul Merbah riang Pycnonotidae Ixos malaccensis Streaked Bulbul Merbah lorek Pycnonotidae Hemixos flavala Ashy Bulbul Merbah kelabu DICRURIDAE Dicruridae Dicrurus paradiseus Greater Racquet-tailed Drongo Cecawi/ hamba kera

Dicruridae Dicrurus aeneus Bronzed Drongo Cecawi tembaga ORIOLIDAE Oriolidae Oriolus chinensis Black-naped Oriole Burung kunyit besar

46

FAMILY SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME LOCAL NAME

IRENIDAE Irenidae Irena puella Asian Fairy-Bluebird Flycatcher CORVIDAE Corvidae Platylophus galericulatus Crested Jay Burung menjerit Corvidae Platysmurus leucopterus Black Magpie Burung kambing Corvidae Corvus splendens House Crow Gagak rumah Corvidae Corvus macrorhynchos Large-billed Crow Gagak paruh besar SITTIDAE Sittidae Sitta frontalis Velvet-fronted Nuthatch Patuk dahi hitam TIMALIIDAE Timaliidae Malacocincla malaccensis Short-tailed Babbler Timaliidae Malacocincla abbotti Abbott's Babbler Rimba riang Timaliidae Stachyris poliocephala Grey-headed Babbler Rimba kepala kelabu Timaliidae Pellorneum capistratum Black-capped Babbler Rimba kepala hitam

Timaliidae Macronous gularis (rubricapilla) Striped Tit-Babbler Rimba berjalur

Timaliidae Yuhina zantholeuca White-bellied Yuhina Timaliidae Malacopteron cinereum Scaly-crowned babbler Rimba tua kecil PASSERIDAE Passeridae Dendronanthus indicus Forest wagtail -

47

SUMMARY CHECKLIST OF MAMMALS

NO. FAMILY NO. OF SPECIES 1 HIPPOSIDERIDAE 7 2 RHINOLOPHIDAE 3 3 MEGADERMATIDAE 1 4 VESPERTILIONIDAE 11 5 PTEROPODIDAE 8 6 MURIDAE 7 7 LORISIDAE 1 8 VIVERRIDAE 1 9 SCIURIDAE 9

10 TUPAIIDAE 2 11 CYNOCEPHALIDAE 1 12 MANIDAE 1 13 HYSTRICIDAE 1 14 CERCOPITHECIDAE 3 15 TRAGULIDAE 1 16 SUIDAE 1

TOTAL 58

48

CHECKLIST OF MAMMALS

FAMILY SPECIES NAME COMMON NAME LOCAL NAME

HIPPOSIDERIDAE

Hipposideros 'bicolor' 131kHz taxon

Bicolour Roundleaf Horseshoe Bat

Kelawar ladam bulat biasa

Hipposideros 'bicolor' 142kHz taxon'

Bicolour Roundleaf Horseshoe Bat

Kelawar ladam bulat biasa

Hipposideros cervinus Common Roundleaf Horseshoe Bat Kelawar ladam bulat gua

Hipposideros diadema Diadem Roundleaf Horseshoe Bat Kelawar bahu putih

Hipposideros galeritus Cantor's Roundleaf Horseshoe Bat Kelawar ladam Cantor

Coelops robinsoni Malayan Tailless Horseshoe Bat Kelawar ladam tiada berekor

Hipposideros cineraceus Least Roundleaf Horseshoe Bat Kelawar ladam bulat terkecil

RHINOLOPHIDAE

Rhinolophus sedulus Lesser Woolly Horseshoe Bat Kelawar ladam bulu halus

Rhinolophus trifoliatus Trefoil Horseshoe Bat Kelawar ladam muka kuning

Rhinolophus luctus Wolly Horseshoe Bat Kelawar ladam terbesar

MEGADERMATIDAE

Megaderma spasma Malayan False Vampire Kelawar telinga lebar

Murina suilla Brown Tube-nose Bat Kelawar hidung-laras kecil

Murina rozendaali Gilded Tube-nosed Bat Kelawar hidung-laras besar Kerivoula pellucida Clear-winged Bat Kelawar kepak jernih Kerivoula intermedia Small Woolly Bat Kelawar kepak kecil

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FAMILY SPECIES NAME COMMON NAME LOCAL NAME

Glischropus tylopus Thick-thumbed Pipistrelle Kelawar tapak tangan putih

VESPERTILIONIDAE

Tylonycteris robustula Greater Flat-headed Bat Kelawar buluh besar Tylonycteris pachypus Lesser Flat-Headed Bat Kelawar buluh kecil Myotis ater Black Myotis Kelawar hitam Myotis horsfieldii Horsfield's Bat Kelawar lobang batu Scotophilus kuhlii House Bat Kelawar rumah

Miniopterus magnater Large Bent-winged Bat Kelawar kepak bengkok besar

PTEROPODIDAE

Chironax melanocephalus Black-capped Fruit Bat Cecadu kepala hitam Megaerops ecaudatus Tailless Fruit Bat Cecadu tiada berekor Cynopterus 'brachyotis' forest taxon

Lesser Dog-Faced Fruit Bat or Malaysian Fruit Bat Cecadu pisang

Cynopterus horsfieldi Horsefield's Fruit Bat Cecadu pisang besar Eonycteris spelaea Cave Fruit Bat Cecadu gua Rousettus amplexicaudatus Geoffroy's Rousette Cecadu Geoffroy

Penthetor lucasi Dusky Fruit Bat Cecadu hitam-pudar Macroglossus sobrinus Hill Long-tongued Fruit Bat Cecadu madu bukit

MURIDAE

Maxomys rajah Brown Spiny Rat Tikus duri hitam-pudar Maxomys surifer Red Spiny Rat Tikus duri merah Maxomys whiteheadi Whitehead's Rat Tikus bangkung Niviventer cremoriventer Dark-tailed Tree Rat Tikus akar, tikus beruk Rattus rattus House Rat Tikus rumah Leopoldamys sabanus Long-tailed giant rat Tikus perah Sundamys muelleri Muller's Rat Tikus lembah

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FAMILY SPECIES NAME COMMON NAME LOCAL NAME LORISIDAE Nycticebus coucang Slow Loris Kongkang, kera duku

VIVERRIDAE Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Common Palm Civet Musang pulut

SCIURIDAE

Callosciurus notatus Plantain Squirrel Tupai pinang, tupai merah Callosciurus prevostii Prevost's Squirrel Tupai gading Ratufa bicolor Black Giant Squirrel Kerawak hitam Callosciurus nigrovittatus Black-banded squirrel Tupai tompok Lariscus insignis Three-striped ground squirrel Tupai belang tiga Sundasciurus hippurus Horse-tailed squrrel Tupai ekor kuda Sundasciurus tenuis Slender squirrel Tupai cerleh Petaurista petaurista Red giant flying squirrel Tupai terbang merah Aeromys tephromelas Large black flying squirrel Tupai terbang hitam

TUPAIIDAE Tupaia glis Common Treeshrew Tupai moncong besar, kencong

Tupaia minor Lesser Treeshrew Tupai moncong akar

CYNOCEPHALIDAE Cynocephalus variegatus Flying Lemur Kubung, kujul, kubung pelanduk

MANIDAE Manis javanica Malayan Pangolin Tenggiling, pengguling

HYSTRICIDAE Hystrix brachyura Malayan Porcupine Landak raya, landak tunggal

CERCOPITHECIDAE Macaca fascicularis Long-tailed Macaque Kera Macaca nemestrina Pig-tailed Macaque Beruk Presbytis cristata Silvered Leaf Monkey Lotong kelabu

TRAGULIDAE Tragulus javanicus Mouse-deer Pelanduk SUIDAE Sus scrofa Wild Pig Babi Hutan

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SUMMARY CHECKLIST OF REPTILES

NO. FAMILY NO. OF SPECIES 1 AGAMIDAE 9 2 GEKKONIDAE 9 3 SCINIDAE 6 4 VARANIDAE 3 5 COLUBRIDAE 28 6 VIPERIDAE 2 7 CYLINDROPHIIDAE 1 8 ELAPIDAE 6 9 PYTHONIDAE 2 10 TYPHLOPIDAE 1 11 XENOPELTIDAE 1 12 BATAGURIDAE 4 13 TESTUDINIDAE 1 14 TRIONYCHIDAE 1 15 EMYDIDAE 1

TOTAL 75

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CHECKLIST OF REPTILES

FAMILY SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCAL NAME

AGAMIDAE

Aphaniotis fusca Earless Lizard -

Bronchocela cristatella Green Crested Lizard Sesumpah hijau

Calotes versicolor Garden Fence Lizard Sesumpah kuning

Draco fimbriatus Fringed Flying Lizard

Draco melanopogon Black-beared Flying Lizard Cicak kobin

Draco obscures - -

Draco sumatranus Common Flying Lizard -

Gonocephalus bellii Bell`s Anglehead Lizard -

Gonocephalus grandis Great Anglehead Lizard Cicak kepala segi besar

GEKKONIDAE

Cnemaspis kendallii Kendall's Rock Gecko Cicak Kendall

Cosymbotes craspedotus - -

Cyrtodactylus consubrinus Banded Forest Gecko -

Cyrtodactylus quadivirgatus Marbled Slender-toed Gecko Cicak jari bengkuk

Gekko monarchus Spotted House Gecko Cicak rumah

Gekko smithii Forest Gecko Cicak hutan

Hemidactylus frenatus Spiny tailed House Gecko Cicak rumah

Hemiphyllodactylus typus Minature Gecko -

Ptychozoon kuhli Kuhl`s Gliding Gecko Cicak terbang Kuhl

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SCINCIDAE

Dasia grisea Gray Tree skink Mengkarung pokok

Dasia olivacea Olive Tree Snake -

Mabuya rugifera Rough scaled Skink -

Mabuya multifasciata Many lined Sun Skink Mengkarung matahari

Sphenomorphus maculatus Spotted Forest Skink Mengkarung hutan bintik

Sphenomorphus scotophilus Selangor Forest Skink -

VARANIDAE Varanus nebulosa Clouded Monitor Biawak kelabu

Varanus rudicollis Roughneck Monitor -

Varanus salvator Water Monitor Biawak air

COLUBRIDAE

Ahaetulla fasciolata Speckle-headed Whipsnake Ular cemeti hijau

Ahaetulla prasina Oriental Whip Snake Ular pucuk

Amphiesma sanguinea Cameroon Keelback -

Aplopeltura boa Blunt headed Snug Snake -

Boiga cynodon Dog toothed Cat Snake Ular kucing taring

Boiga dendrophila Mangrove Snake Ular bakau

Boiga drapiezii White Spotted Cat Snake Ular kucing bintik putih

Boiga nigriceps Red Cat Snake Ular kucing merah

Calamaria lumbricoidea Reed Snake -

Chrysopelea paradisi Paradise Tree Snake Ular sawa burung

Chrysopelea pelias Twin-barred Tree Snake Ular pokok belang

Dendrelaphis caudolineatus Striped Bronzeback -

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Dendrelaphis formosus Elegant Bronzeback -

Elaphe flavolineata Common Malayan Racer Ular laju ekor hitam

Elaphe taeniura Striped Rat Snake -

Enhydris plumbea Plumbeous Water Snake -

Gonyosoma oxycephalum Red Tailed Rat Snake -

Homalopsis buccata Puff faced Water Snake Ular air tembam

Macropisthodon flaviceps Orange-Necked Keelback -

Macropisthodon rhodomelas Blue Necked Keelback -

Oligodon signatus Barred Kukri Snake - Psammodynastes pulverulentus Common Mock Viper -

Pseudorabdion longiceps Dwarf Reed Snake -

Ptyas korros Indo-Chinese Rat Snake Ular tikus biasa

Rhabdophis chrysargos Specklebelly Keelback -

Xenochrophis trianguligerus Triangle Keelback -

Ptyas carinatus Keeled Rat Snake -

Ptyas fuscus White bellied Rat Snake -

VIPERIDAE Trimeresurus hageni Mountain Pit-Viper Ular kapak

Tropiodolaemus wagleri Wagler`s Pit-Viper Ular kapak Wagleri

CYLINDROPHIIDAE Cylindrophis ruffus Red tailed Pipe Snake -

ELAPIDAE Bungarus fasciatus Banded Krait Ular katam tebu

Calliophis gracilis Spotted Coral Snake -

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Maticora bivirgata Blue Coral Snake -

Maticora intestinalis Striped Coral Snake -

Naja sumantrana Equatorial Spitting Cobra -

Ophiophagus hannah King Cobra Ular tedung selar

PYTHONIDAE Python curtus Short Python Ular sawa pendek

Python reticulatus Reticulated Python Ular Sawa batik

TYPHLOPIDAE Typhlops diardi Blind Snake Ular buta XENOPELTIDAE Xenopeltis unicolor Sunbeam Snake Ular pelangi

BATAGURIDAE

Cuora amboinensis Asian Box Turtle Kura-kura katup

Cyclemys dentata Stream Turtle Kekura bulus

Heosemys grandis Asian Giant Terrapin -

Heosemys spinosa Spiny Turtle Kekura bukit

TESTUDINIDAE Manouria emys Brown Asian Giant Tortoise Baning perang

TRIONYCHIDAE Dogania subplana Hillstream Soft shelled Turtle Labi- labi

EMYDIDAE Trachemys scripta Red eared Slider Kura-kura telinga merah

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SUMMARY CHECKLIST OF AMPHIBIANS

NO. FAMILY NO. OF SPECIES 1. BUFONIDAE 4 2. MEGOPHRYIDAE 2 3. DICROGLOSSIDAE 10 4. RANIDAE 6 5. RHACOPHORIDAE 3 6. MICROHYLIDAE 6

TOTAL 31

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CHECKLIST OF AMPHIBIANS

FAMILY SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCAL NAME

BUFONIDAE

Phrynoidis aspera River toad Katak puru sungai

Ingerophrynus parvus Dwarf/Lesser Stream Toad Katak puru kerdil

Duttaphrynus melanostictus Common Sunda Toad Kodok biasa

Leptophryne borbonica Hour-glass slender toad Katak puru ramping

MEGOPHRYRIDAE

Megophrys nasuta Malayan Horned Frog Katak bertanduk

Leptobrachium hendriksoni Spotted litter frog Katak serasah berbintik

DICROGLOSSIDAE

Limnonectes blythii Giant Asian River Frog Katak demam

Limnonectes laticeps Rivulet Frog Katak sungai kecil

Fejervarya limnocharis Grass frog Katak padi

L. hascheanus Hill Forest Frog Katak Pulau Pinang Taylor L. malesianus Peat swamp frog Katak paya tanah gambut

L. plicatellus Penang wart frog Katak badak

L. tweediei Tweedie's Wart Frog

Occidozyga laevis Yellow Bellied Puddle Frog Katak lopak perut kuning

RANIDAE

Hylarana baramica Baram frog

H. labialis White-lipped frog Katak bibir putih

H.erythraea Green Paddy Frog Katak padi hijau

H. glandulosa Rough sided frog Katak sisi kesat

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H. nicobariensis Cricket frog Katak cengkerik

Odorrana hosii Hose's rock frog Katak racun batu

Amolops larutensis Larut Sucker Frog Katak batu hijau bertompok

RHACOPHOARIDAE

Nyctixalus pictus White-spotted tree frog Katak perang

Polypedates leucomystax Common tree frog Katak pokok biasa

Theloderma horridum Spiny wart frog Katak kutil kasar

MICROHYLIDAE

Kalophrynus palmatissimus Red-sided Sticky Frog Katak lekit

kaloula pulchra Banded Bullfrog Katak bentong

Microhyla berdmorei Berdmore's narrow-mouthed frog Katak Berdmore mulut sempit

M. mantheyi Manthey's Narrow-mouthed Frog Katak mulut sempit Manthey

M. heymonsi Taiwan rice frog Katak padi Taiwan

M. palmipes Palmated Narrow-mouthed Frog

Phrynella pulchra Mallaca Frog Katak melaka

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CHECKLIST OF INLAND VERTEBRATE (FRESHWATER FISH)

FAMILY SPECIES NAME COMMON NAME LOCAL NAME

CHANNIDAE Channa striata Common snakehead Haruan hitam Channa lucius Forest snakehead Bujuk Channa micropeltes Giant snakehead Toman

CLARIIDAE Clarias gariepirus North African catfish Keli afrika Clarias leiachantus Keli kampung

PANGASIIDAE Pangasius pangasius Yellowtail catfish Patin CICHLIDAE Oreochromis sp. Tilapia Tilapia hitam

CHARACIDAE Colossoma sp. Pacu Pacu

CYPRINIDAE

Osteochilus hasseltii Silver sharkminnow Terbul Barbonymus schwanenfeldii Tinfoil barb Lampam sungai Carassius auratus auratus Goldfish Ikan emas/Kap Jepun Oxygaster anomalura Trenchant belly Lalang Cyprinus carpio Common carp Lee koh Neolissochilus sp. Minnows

OSPHRONEMIDAE Trichogaster trichopterus Three spot gourami Sepat ronggeng BELONTIDAE Trichopsis vittata Croaking gourami Karim ANGUILLIDAE Anguilla marmorata Giant mottled eel Belut kuning ARAPAIMIDAE Arapaima gigas Arapaima Arapaima

OSPHRONOMIDAE Osphronemus gouramy Giant gouramy Kaloi OSTEOGLOSSIDAE Scleropages formosus Asian bonytongue Arowana SYNBRANCHIDAE Monopterus albus Swamp eel Belut

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A BREAKDOWN OF THE NUMBER OF BUTTERFLIES FOUND IN FRIM

NO. FAMILY NO. OF GENERA NO. OF SPECIES 1. PAPILIONIDAE 8 19 2. PIERIDAE 8 15 3. NYMPHALIDAE 43 85 4. RIODINIDAE 3 3 5. LYCAENIDAE 24 37 6. HESPERIIDAE 29 45

TOTAL 115 204 CHECKLIST OF BUTTERFLIES The three-part scientific name in italics comprises the genus, species and subspecies (if any), with the subgenus (if any) placed in parentheses after the genus. The describers’ name or names are given in non-italics after the scientific name. Where the describer’s name is in parentheses, the species was originally described under a different genus name. Family and subfamily names (ending in “DAE” and “NAE,” respectively) are in capitals. The checklist is mainly based on Tho and Mahyudin (1982), with updates to the names and classification. More recent records are marked with an asterisk (*).

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No. Family/Subfamily Species name 1. *

PAPILIONIDAE

Trogonoptera brookiana albescens Rothschild

2. Troides helena cerberus (C. & R. Felder) 3. * Troides aeacus thomsonii (Bates) 4. * Atrophaneura varuna varuna (White) 5. Atrophaneura nox erebus (Wallace) 6. Losaria coon doubledayi (Wallace) 7. Pachliopta aristolochiae asteris (Rothschild) 8. Chilasa paradoxa aenigma (Wallace) ♂-form aenigma (Wallace)

9. Papilio (Princeps) demoleus malayanus Wallace 10. Papilio (Princeps) demolion demolion Cramer 11. Papilio (Princeps) nephelus sunatus Corbet 12. Papilio (Princeps) helenus helenus Linnaeus 13. Papilio (Princeps) polytes romulus Cramer 14. Papilio (Princeps) memnon agenor Linnaeus

♀-form esperi Butler 15. Papilio (Princeps) prexaspes prexaspes C. & R. Felder 16. * Papilio (Princeps) palinurus palinurus Fabricius 17. Graphium (Graphium) sarpedon luctatius (Fruhstorfer) 18. Graphium (Pathysa) antiphates itamputi (Butler)

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19. Graphium (Paranticopsis) delessertii delessertii (Guérin-Méneville) 20.

PIERIDAE

Leptosia nina malayana Fruhstorfer

21. Phrissura cynis cynis (Hewitson) 22. Appias lyncida vasava Fruhstorfer 23. Appias libythea olferna Swinhoe 24. Saletara liberia distanti Butler 25. Ixias pyrene birdi Distant 26. Pareronia valeria lutescens (Butler) 27. Catopsilia pyranthe pyranthe (Linnaeus) 28. Catopsilia pomona pomona (Fabricius) 29. Eurema (Terias) hecabe contubernalis (Moore) 30. Eurema (Terias) blanda snelleni (Moore) 31. Eurema (Terias) andersonii andersonii (Moore) 32. Eurema (Terias) lacteola lacteola (Distant) 33. Eurema (Terias) ada iona Talbot 34. Eurema (Terias) sari sodalis (Moore) 35.

NYMPHALIDAE: DANAINAE

Danaus (Anosia) chrysippus chrysippus (Linnaeus)

form alcippoides (Moore) 36. Danaus (Salatura) melanippus hegesippus (Cramer) 37. Tirumala septentrionis septentrionis (Butler) 38. Parantica aspasia aspasia (Fabricius)

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39. Parantica agleoides agleoides (C. & R. Felder) 40. Ideopsis (Radena) vulgaris macrina (Fruhstorfer) 41. Ideopsis (Ideopsis) gaura perakana Fruhstorfer 42. Idea lynceus lynceus (Drury) 43. Idea hypermnestra linteata (Butler) 44. Euploea camaralzeman malayica (Butler) 45. Euploea mulciber mulciber (Cramer) 46. Euploea midamus chloe (Guérin-Méneville) 47. Euploea radamanthus radamanthus (Fabricius) 48.

NYMPHALIDAE: SATYRINAE

Melanitis leda leda (Linnaeus)

49. Melanitis phedima abdullae Distant 50. * Melanitis zitenius auletes Fruhstorfer 51. Elymnias hypermnestra agina Fruhstorfer 52. Elymnias malelas ivena Fruhstorfer 53. * Elymnias penanga penanga (Westwood) 54. Lethe europa malaya Corbet 55. Lethe mekara gopaka Fruhstorfer 56. Mycalesis janardana sagittigera Fruhstorfer 57. Mycalesis perseus cepheus Butler 58. Mycalesis perseoides perseoides (Moore) 59. Mycalesis mineus macromalayana Fruhstorfer

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60. Mycalesis intermedia distanti (Moore) 61. Mycalesis visala phamis Talbot & Corbet 62. Orsotriaena medus cinerea (Butler) 63. * Ragadia makuta siponta Fruhstorfer 64. Ypthima huebneri Kirby 65. Ypthima baldus newboldi Distant 66. * Ypthima horsfieldii humei Elwes & Edwards 67. Ypthima pandocus corticaria Butler 68. Xanthotaenia busiris busiris Westwood 69.

NYMPHALIDAE: MORPHINAE

Faunis canens arcesilas Stichel

70. * Faunis kirata (de Nicéville) 71. * Faunis gracilis (Butler) 72. Amathusia phidippus phidippus (Linnaeus)

form chersias Fruhstorfer form gunneryi Corbet & Pendlebury

73. * Amathusia ochraceofusca ochraceofusca Honrath 74. Zeuxidia amethystus amethystus Butler 75. Thaumantis odana pishuna Fruhstorfer 76. Thaumantis klugius lucipor Westwood 77. Thauria aliris pseudaliris (Butler) 78. Discophora sondaica despoliata Stichel

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79.

NYMPHALIDAE: LIMENITIDINAE

Moduza procris milonia (Fruhstorfer)

80. Athyma perius perius (Linnaeus) 81. Athyma nefte subrata Moore 82. Neptis hylas papaja Moore 83. Neptis leucoporos cresina Fruhstorfer 84. Lasippa heliodore dorelia (Butler) 85. Parthenos sylvia lilacinus Butler 86. Tanaecia pelea pelea (Fabricius) 87. Tanaecia godartii asoka (C. & R. Felder) 88. Tanaecia iapis puseda (Moore) 89. Lexias dirtea merguia (Tytler) 90. Lexias pardalis dirteana (Corbet) 91. NYMPHALIDAE:

BIBLIDINAE Ariadne ariadne ariadne (Linnaeus)

92. Ariadne isaeus isaeus (Wallace)

93. NYMPHALIDAE: CYRESTINAE

Chersonesia rahria rahria (Moore)

94.

NYMPHALIDAE: NYMPHALINAE

Hypolimnas anomala anomala (Wallace)

95. Hypolimnas bolina bolina (Linnaeus) ♀-form aphrodite Fruhstorfer

96. Doleschallia bisaltide pratipa C. & R. Felder

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97. Junonia iphita horsfieldi Moore 98. Junonia atlites atlites (Linnaeus) 99. Junonia almana javana C. Felder

100. Junonia orithya wallacei Distant 101.

NYMPHALIDAE: HELICONIINAE

Cethosia hypsea hypsina C. & R. Felder

102. Vindula dejone erotella (Butler) 103. Algia fasciata fasciata (C. & R. Felder) 104. Cirrochroa tyche rotundata Butler 105. Cirrochroa emalea emalea (Guérin-Méneville) 106. Cirrochroa malaya malaya C. & R. Felder 107. Cirrochroa orissa orissa C. & R. Felder 108. Terinos terpander robertsia Butler 109. Terinos clarissa malayanus Fruhstorfer 110. Terinos atlita teuthras Hewitson 111. Cupha erymanthis lotis (Sulzer) 112. Phalanta phalantha phalantha (Drury) 113. Phalanta alcippe alcesta Corbet

114. NYMPHALIDAE: APATURINAE Euripus nyctelius euploeoides C. & R. Felder

115. NYMPHALIDAE: CHARAXINAE

Agatasa calydonia calydonia (Hewitson)

116. Polyura athamas athamas (Drury)

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117. Polyura hebe chersonesus (Fruhstorfer) 118. * Polyura jalysus jalysus (C. & R. Felder) 119. Charaxes bernardus crepax Fruhstorfer 120.

RIODINIDAE Abisara saturata kausambioides de Nicéville

121. * Paralaxita telesia lyclene (de Nicéville) 122. Taxila haquinus haquinus (Fabricius) 123.

LYCAENIDAE

Simiskina phalia potina (Hewitson)

124. * Liphyra brassolis abbreviata Strand 125. Allotinus (Allotinus) subviolaceus subviolaceus C. & R. Felder 126. * Allotinus (Paragerydus) unicolor unicolor C. & R. Felder 127. * Allotinus (Paragerydus) horsfieldi permagnus Fruhstorfer 128. Curetis tagalica jopa Fruhstorfer 129. Caleta roxus pothus (Fruhstorfer) 130. * Acytolepis puspa lambi (Distant) 131. Monodontides musina musina (Snellen) 132. * Chilades pandava pandava (Horsfield) 133. * Euchrysops cnejus cnejus (Fabricius) 134. Jamides celeno aelianus (Fabricius) 135. Jamides pura pura (Moore) 136. * Jamides malaccanus malaccanus Röber 137. Jamides parasaturatus paramalaccanus Riley & Corbet

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138. * Nacaduba kurava nemana Fruhstorfer 139. Anthene emolus goberus (Fruhstorfer) 140. Arhopala aedias agnis C. & R. Felder 141. Arhopala metamuta metamuta (Hewitson) 142. Arhopala vihara vihara (C. & R. Felder) 143. Arhopala alaconia media (Evans)

form kempi (Eliot) 144. Arhopala acta (Evans) 145. Arhopala aurea (Hewitson) 146. Arhopala abseus abseus (Hewitson) 147. Neomyrina nivea periculosa Fruhstorfer 148. Surendra (Surendra) vivarna amisena (Hewitson) 149. Loxura atymnus fuconius Fruhstorfer 150. Loxura cassiopeia cassiopeia Distant 151. * Eooxylides tharis distanti Riley 152. * Cheritra freja frigga Fruhstorfer 153. Drupadia ravindra moorei (Distant) 154. * Drupadia rufotaenia rufotaenia (Fruhstorfer) 155. * Remelana jangala travana (Hewitson) 156. * Hypolycaena erylus teatus Fruhstorfer 157. * Chliaria othona semanga Corbet

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158. Deudorix epijarbas cinnabarus Fruhstorfer 159. Rapala iarbus iarbus (Fabricius) 160. *

HESPERIIDAE

Bibasis oedipodea oedipodea (Swainson)

161. Bibasis etelka (Hewitson) 162. * Bibasis harisa consobrina (Plötz) 163. * Bibasis gomata lalita (Fruhstorfer) 164. * Hasora schoenherr chuza (Hewitson) 165. * Hasora badra badra (Moore) 166. Hasora vitta vitta (Butler) 167. Capila phanaeus ferrea Evans 168. * Celaenorrhinus ficulnea queda (Plötz) 169. * Tapena thwaitesi bornea Evans 170. * Tagiades japetus atticus (Fabricius) 171. Tagiades gana gana (Moore) 172. * Ampittia dioscorides camertes (Hewitson) 173. * Astictopterus jama jama C. & R. Felder 174. Iambrix salsala salsala (Moore) 175. * Iambrix stellifer (Butler) 176. Ancistroides nigrita maura (Snellen) 177. * Ancistroides armatus armatus (H. Druce) 178. Udaspes folus (Cramer)

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179. * Suada swerga suava Evans 180. Oerane microthyrus neaera (de Nicéville) 181. * Plastingia naga (de Nicéville) 182. * Zela (Zela) excellens (Staudinger) 183. * Zela (Zela) zeus zeus de Nicéville 184. * Gangara thyrsis thyrsis (Fabricius) 185. * Gangara lebadea lebadea (Hewitson) 186. * Erionota hiraca apicalis Evans 187. Erionota thrax thrax (Linnaeus) 188. * Matapa druna (Moore) 189. Unkana ambasa batara Distant 190. Hidari irava (Moore) 191. * Acerbas anthea anthea (Hewitson) 192. Pirdana hyela rudolphii Elwes & de Nicéville 193. * Taractrocera archias quinta Swinhoe 194. * Oriens paragola (de Nicéville) 195. Oriens gola pseudolus (Mabille) 196. Potanthus omaha omaha (W.H. Edwards) 197. Telicota colon stinga Evans 198. * Telicota ohara jix Evans 199. * Borbo cinnara (Wallace)

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200. * Baoris farri farri (Moore) 201. * Baoris oceia (Hewitson) 202. * Caltoris cahira austeni (Moore) 203. * Caltoris malaya (Evans) 204. Caltoris plebeia (de Nicéville)

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FRIM RESEARCH STATIONS

FRIM has a wide range of facilities for research including nine research stations in different forest types in various parts of the peninsula. The map below shows the location of the research stations.

Location of FRIM research stations

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Mata Ayer Research Station, Perlis - Established in 1974, the station sits on 455-

hectare area in Mata Ayer Forest Reserve. - It is a referral centre for teak plantation

establishment. - The first planting took place in 1953. - It has a 300-hectare area planted with teak

provenances from various parts of Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, India, Papua New Guinea, Trinidad and Sabah.

- The station offers facilities for eco-tourism and environment education activities including a canopy walkway, accommodation facilities and camping site.

Contact: Tree Improvement Programme Tel: 03-6279 7101 Email: zaky@frim.gov.my

Among the attacractions at SPF Mata Ayer: Teak

Gallery and a Log Cabin

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Pasoh Research Station, Negeri Sembilan - It is FRIM’s oldest research station, established in

1970 under the Man and Biosphere Programme, University of Malaya.

- Handed over to the Forest Research Institute (FRI) in 1978.

- Located in the Pasoh Research Forest Reserve (FR), covering a total area of 1,840 hectares gazetted for research and educational purposes managed by FRIM.

- It receives worldwide attention from tropical forest ecologists and scientists, as well as local educators and naturalists.

- Comprises a 50-hectare permanent ecology plot, a 2-hectare arboretum, a 2-km nature trail and a 30-metre three-tower-canopy walkway system made of aluminum alloy, the first of its kind in the country.

- The Pasoh Research FR is the best studied lowland tropical forest in Southeast Asia.

- Holds the Malaysia Book of Records for the First Global Network Long-Term Ecological Research Plot

Contact: Natural Forest Programme Tel: +03-6279 7638/7177 Email: cdfletch@frim.gov.my

The Administration Office

The 2ha Arboretum

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- Maran Research Station, Pahang

Location map of Segamat Research Station

Segamat Research Station, Johor - Set up in 2003, it covers a total of 292.2

hectares. - This station serves as a referral centre

for research on mixed species plantations, with special focus on Karas.

- Some 93 hectares of the area had been planted with Karas, Jelutong, Merawan, Khaya ivorensis, Nyatoh, Meranti temak nipis and Sentang.

Contact: Tree Improvement Programme Tel: 03-6279 7101 Email: mohdnoor@frim.gov.my

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Maran Research Station, Pahang - Established in 2000, the station which covers an

area of 50 hectares acts as a referral centre for the setting up of herbal plantation.

- Planting began that same year with Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali), Orstosiphon stamineus (Misai kucing) and Morinda citrifolia (Mengkudu) in open area.

- Subsequent planting in 2003 included Labisia pumila (kacip Fatimah), Mentha arvensis (Pudina), Elephantopus scaber (Tutup bumi) and Curcuma domestica (Kunyit) in oil palm plantation.

- So far, some 20 hectares of the area have been planted with various medicinal plants such as Tinospora crispa (Patawali), Aguilaria malaccensis (Karas), Parkia speciosa (Petai), Hopea odorata (Merawan siput jantan), Khaya senegalensis (African mahogany), Peperomia pellucida (Ketumpangan air), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Kayu manis), arboretum buah, Centella asiatica (Pegaga), Citrus hystrix (Limau purut), Citrus aurantifolia (Limau nipis), Cymbopogan citradus (Serai makan), Cymbopogan nardus (Serai wangi), Vitex negundo (Legundi), Neolamarckia cadamba (Kelampayan) and Garcinia atroviridis (Asam gelugor).

Contact: Tel: 09-5469919 Email: sharmizi@frim.gov.my

Patawali (Tinospora crispa) planted in July

2012

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Jengka Research Station, Pahang - The station was set up in 1982. It sits

on a 0.9-hectare land and serves as a natural forest management research centre.

- The focus here is on R&D of sustainable management of dipterocarp hill forest.

- The station is widely used by locals as well as foreign scientists, serving as a base for several successful research projects on logging impacts, residual stand and regeneration development, silvicultural treatments, enrichment planting, hydrology, soil sciences, zoology and forest ecology.

- The enrichment planting trials tested suitable species under line-planting or group-planting design.

- Among the species planted, Shorea macrophylla showed promising results. Contact: Natural Forest Programme Tel: 03-6279 7091 / 7478 Email: harfendy@frim.gov.my

Jengka Research Station location map

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Setiu Research Station, Terengganu - It is situated in a 53-hectare land, leased by

the state government to FRIM, in 1996. - The original vegetation includes Sygium

spp., Malaleuca cajuputi, Shorea metarialis, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Melastoma malabathricum, Baeckea frutescens, Casuarina equistifolia and other secondary species.

- To conduct research activities and share information on tree planting on the BRIS soil, identifying the forest species that are potentially can be grow on BRIS soil, promoting use of the soil for planting commercial forest species and developing cost-effective tree planting techniques.

- Among species planted: Acacia hybrid, Khaya ivorensis, Hopea odorata, Eurycoma longifolia and Jatropha curcas.

Contact: Forest Plantation Programme Tel: 03-6279 7091 Email: rosdi@frim.gov.my

Plantation of Jarak (Jatropha curcas)

Plantation of Hopea odorata

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A view of the grassland and patches of secondary

forest at SPF Bidor

The first biodiversity park from an ex-tin mine

Bidor Research Station, Perak - Leased by the Perak State Government to

FRIM in 1996. - Covers 121.5 hectares of ex-mining land. - It is a research site for international and

national research projects on afforestation, biodiversity, forest influences, phytoremediation and eco-toxicity.

- This station serves as a model forest, recognised as an international educational site for rehabilitation of ex-tin tailings.

- It was developed over five years in line with the “Bidor Research Station Strategic Plan 1997-2002”.

Contact: Forest Plantation Programme Tel: +03-6279 7103 Email: anglh@frim.gov.my

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Jeli Research Station, Kelantan: - Established in 2008 with the state

government approval. - The station covers an area of 200

hectares. - Located in Mukim Belimbing, Batu

Melintang District, Jajahan Jeli, Kelantan. - It is site for research on biodiversity

conservation, conservation of natural bamboo stands (Gigantochloa scortechinii) and forest plantation including Eucalyptus.

- It also houses an herbal referral and processing centre.

Contact: Forest Plantation Programme Tel: +03-6279 7093 Email: emlee@frim.gov.my

The existing vegetation at Jeli Research Station; buluh semantan (Gigantochloa scortechinii) clumps (Dec

2012)

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Selandar Research Station, Melaka: - Established in 2009, with approval from the

State Government and State Forestry Department.

- The station, covering a total of 30 hectares, is located in Mukim Selandar, Jasin District.

- A five-hectare area has been cleared for herbal garden.

- Among the species to be planted are: Orstosiphon stamineus (Misai kucing), Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali), Labisia pumila (Kacip Fatimah), Ficus deltoidea (Mas cotek) and Garcinia atroviridis (Asam gelugor).

- Additional tree species include Santalum album, Aquilaria malaccensis, Endospermum malaccense and Eucalyptus spp. as part of field trials of planting materials from the FRIM Tissue Culture Laboratory.

- The site was also established for forest plantation research and ex-situ conservation of selected species.

- The station will serve as model for mixed forest of high quality species and as an attraction for tourists in the state.

Contact: Forest Plantation Programme Tel: +03-6279 7093 Email: zuhaidi@frim.gov.my

The main entrance signage of the research station

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FRIM Directorate, 2012-June 2013

ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE

MALAYSIAN FORESTRY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BOARD ACT 1985 (ACT 319) Under the Malaysian Forestry Research and Development Board (MFRDB) Act 1985, several guidelines were drawn up for FRIM. Essentially, they amount to a high internal orientation towards providing research-based services to the public and private sectors connected with the management, development and operation of the forests and forest industries in the country. FRIM has enhanced the services it offers and a programme to publicise these services has been instituted. Internationally, FRIM enjoys a relatively high profile as one of the leading tropical forest research institutes in the region. The hierarchical system that exists in FRIM is permeated by a large degree of decentralisation of management, giving scientists more flexibility to achieve high productivity.

In 1985, the Forest Research Institute became a statutory body through the MFRDB Act 1985. Among others, the Act contains the following provisions: Powers of the Minister

1) Section 3 - To appoint Board members; 2) Section 9 - Minister may give directions to the Board; 3) Section 12 - Power to appoint DirectorGeneral; 4) Section 16 - Approval to borrow money; 5) Section 17 - Approval to invest; and 6) Power to make orders for the imposition of a research cess.

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Members of the Malaysian Forestry Research and Development Board

1. A Chairman 2. A representative of the Ministry responsible for forestry 3. A representative of the Treasury 4. A representative of the Federal Forestry Department 5. A representative of the Malaysian Timber Industry Board 6. Three (3) representatives of the timber trade and industry 7. Not more than four (4) persons who can contribute to forestry research and development 8. Not more than three (3) persons to represent the interest of the States in forestry research 9. The Director-General

VISION By 2020 FRIM will be a world leader in tropical forestry research. MISSION To deliver science-based innovations and solutions meeting forestry needs for today and tomorrow. FUNCTIONS

- Planning and implementing research for the development of the forestry sector and conservation of forest resources.

- Securing and disseminating research information to enhance forest management and the use of forest products.

- Establishing joint research and joint forest development with other bodies within and outside Malaysia.

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CLIENT CHARTER

We pledge to develop and enhance the utilisation of forest resources and produce on a sustainable basis through research, development and application. For this purpose, we ensure the following:

Prepare collaborative contracts for commercial and non-commercial agreements within three (3) months after the receipt of agreement notes from collaboration/collaborating partners.

Ensure that at least 40% of the 90 journal articles produced are published in journals with impact factors.

Process payment for bills and invoices within 14 days from the date of receipt of complete documents.

Ensure that 95% of the service test reports are submitted to customers within the period promised by FRIM.

Ensure that 90% of the services are submitted to customers within 14 days after the service completion date.

Provide feedback to customer within five working days (5) after receipt of complaints. Updating latest information FRIM portal within 48 hours working days after the information

received. Respond to public and private institutes of higher learning as well as agencies about

attachment training within seven (7) working days from the date of receipt. Ensure that new exercise passes are issued within five (5) working days of receipt of

complete application. Ensure that application for rental of space and area is approved within five (5) working

days from the date of receipt of complete application.

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GUIDING VALUES