Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Process Todd French, PhD Mississippi State University Dave C....

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Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Process Todd French, PhD Mississippi State University Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering [email protected] 662-325-4308

Transcript of Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Process Todd French, PhD Mississippi State University Dave C....

Page 1: Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Process Todd French, PhD Mississippi State University Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering french@che.msstate.edu.

Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Process

Todd French, PhDMississippi State University

Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical [email protected]

662-325-4308

Page 2: Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Process Todd French, PhD Mississippi State University Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering french@che.msstate.edu.

What are Microorganisms?

• Living organisms too small to see without the aide of magnification

• Members– Commercially Important Chemical Producers

• Bacteria• Archaea• Fungi• Yeast

– Non Commercially• Viruses• Protozoans• Ameobes

http://www.microbeworld.org/images/microbes/methanopyrus.jpg

http://biyolojiegitim.yyu.edu.tr/k/Legi/images/Legionella%20bacteria_jpg.jpg4

http://www.kitchenproject.com

Page 3: Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Process Todd French, PhD Mississippi State University Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering french@che.msstate.edu.

Natural Facts

• Microorganisms require their nutrients to be in solution.– That solvent is water

• Life as we understand it has to have the following in order of abundance– Water– Carbon– Nitrogen– Phosphorus– Trace Elements

• Microorganisms follow all of the natural laws as does everything– For example

• They cannot create energy• They cannot cause a reaction to occur that would not naturally occur• They derive the energy from reduced metals, organics, hydrogen, or sunlight.

Madigan, M.T.  Martinko, and J. Parker.  2003.  Biology of Microorganisms.  Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ

Page 4: Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Process Todd French, PhD Mississippi State University Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering french@che.msstate.edu.

Creating A Carbon-Based Life Form

• List the criteria that we must address to have a living breathing organism?– Should we protect this creation from the

elements?– Where will this organisms obtain energy?– How do we control the mass and energy

changes? – How do we regulate water movement and is it

necessary?

Page 5: Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Process Todd French, PhD Mississippi State University Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering french@che.msstate.edu.

How did Nature do it?

http://www.smartdraw.com/examples/content/Examples/Healthcare/Microbiology_&_Biochemistry/Bacteria_L.jpg

Page 6: Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Process Todd French, PhD Mississippi State University Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering french@che.msstate.edu.

Protection from the Environment

Page 7: Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Process Todd French, PhD Mississippi State University Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering french@che.msstate.edu.

Building Blocks of Microbial Life

http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Microtextbook/images/book_4/chapter_2/2-39.gif

http://www.ewa.cz/pages1/813_soubory/aminoacids.gif

http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/images/580bases.gif

Page 8: Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Process Todd French, PhD Mississippi State University Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering french@che.msstate.edu.

Organic Energy Sources

http://staff.jccc.net/PDECELL/cellresp/glycolysis.gifhttp://www.biologyreference.com/images/biol_02_img0148.jpg

http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bc/ahp/MBG/MBG4/Enzymes.02.GIF

Page 9: Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Process Todd French, PhD Mississippi State University Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering french@che.msstate.edu.

Enzymatic Reactions

http://tigger.uic.edu/classes/phys/phys461/phys450/ANJUM05/hexokinase.jpg

http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/dna/a/translation/pics/translation2.gifhttp://www.geneticengineering.org/chemis/Chemis-NucleicAcid/Graphics/Transcription.gif

Page 10: Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Process Todd French, PhD Mississippi State University Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering french@che.msstate.edu.

Catalyst Kinetics

• Enzyme Kinetics • Heterogeneous catalyst kinetics

http://www.hottopos.com/regeq11/images/reg016.gif

http://www.irvingcrowley.com/cls/competitive-grap.gifhttp://scsg20.unige.ch/~tomek/ResearchExamples/image002.jpg

Page 11: Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Process Todd French, PhD Mississippi State University Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering french@che.msstate.edu.

Differences B/W Biotic & Abiotic Processes

• Abiotic catalyst are orders of magnitude faster– Operate at much higher temperatures and pressures– Biotic catalyst can have very high specificity

• Biotic systems have an absolute requirement for water

• Biological systems are commonly self regulating

• Scale of the process– Obviously biotic systems are much larger

Page 12: Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Process Todd French, PhD Mississippi State University Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering french@che.msstate.edu.

Similarities B/W Biotic & Abiotic Processes

• Adhere to natural laws– Will not cause rxn to occur that would not occur

otherwise– Cannot create energy or mass

• Requires chemical rxn

• Effected by temperature and pH– Biological systems mildly effected by pressure

Page 13: Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Process Todd French, PhD Mississippi State University Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering french@che.msstate.edu.

Not that Dissimilar in Function

http://staff.jccc.net/PDECELL/cellresp/glycolysis.gifhttp://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/6/60/RefineryFlow.png