Comparison of Lumped and Distributed Hydrologic Models for ...Baseflow Basin reservoir 2D Darcy's...

Comparison of Lumped and Distributed Hydrologic Models for the Runoff Simulation

of a Large Watershed in Alabama and Mississippi

Jairo N. Diaz-Ramirez Billy E. Johnson

William H. McAnallyJames L. Martin

Northern Gulf Institute ConferenceMobile, AL

May 19, 2010

Outline

• The BASINS/HSPF Model• The WMS/GSSHA Model• Goal• Study Area• Model Setup• Model Evaluation• Model Results• Conclusions• Products• Ongoing Work • Acknowledgments

The BASINS/HSPF Model

BASINS (Better Assessment Science Integrating point & Non-point Sources), FR 1996

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/basins/

Data (Weather, water quality)

Tools (GIS, Met Generation)

Models (HSPF, SWMM, AQUATOX, WASP)

HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program – FORTRAN)

Supported by EPA Modular program with capacity of simulation

hydrologic cycle, erosion, sediment transport, nutrients, pesticides, and in-stream water quality

Used successfully since 80’s in USA, Canada, Europe, Australia, and Africa.

The WMS/GSSHA Model

GSSHA (Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis), 2002

The Watershed Modeling System, first released 1994

Brigham Young University, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station, and Aquaveo LLC. http://xmswiki.com/wiki/WMS:WMS

http://gsshawiki.com/gssha/Main_Page

Tools (GIS, watershed delineation)

Models (HECs, TR-20, TR-55, HSPF, SWMM, GSSHA, CEQUAL-W2)

Supported by USACE/ERDC It is a physics-based, distributed, hydrologic,

sediment and constituent fate and transport model Hydrology Features: 2D overland flow, 1D

streamflow, 1D infiltration, and 2D groundwater

http://xmswiki.com/xms/File:WMS.PNG�

HSPF and GSSHA

Characteristic HSPF GSSHAArea Representation Sub-watersheds Squared gridsRelesed 1980 2002Supported USEPA/AQUATERRA USACE/ERDCPre/Post Processor BASINS/GenScn WMSScale Small/Large Watershed Plot/Field/Small WatershedSimulation Period Continuous Event/ContinuousSimulation Time Step Hourly <1 minuteInfiltration Power function Green&Ampt, RichardsOverland Flow Chezy-Manning 2D Diffusive Wave

Stream Channel Routing storage-based or nonlinear reservoir methods and user

defined area-volume-flow table1D Diffusive Wave

Baseflow Basin reservoir 2D Darcy's Law

Goal

• The main goal of this research was to apply and test the application of two hydrologic models (HSPF and GSSHA) to predict overlandflow in the Luxapallila Creek watershed (1,858 km2 rural watershed), located in Alabama and Mississippi.

Study Area

Area: 1,851 km2

Pervious area: 99%

Forest area: 72%

Agricultural area: 20%

Wetlands: 6%

Model Setup

Channel cross-section data

Model Setup

Channel cross-section dataTopography: 30 mt resolution NED

Model Setup


100x100 m = 185,816 cells

50 sub-watersheds

Model Setup


100x100 m = 185,816 cells

50 sub-watersheds

Climate and Flow Stations

Model Setup


100x100 m = 185,816 cells

50 sub-watersheds


Mainly sandy loam soils with hydrologic soil group B

Model Setup


100x100 m = 185,816 cells

50 sub-watersheds


Mainly sandy loam soils with hydrologic soil group B

(1980 GIRAS dataset)

Storm Event Calibration Period (02443500)

Verification Period (02443000)

1 1/12-1/17 1/12-1/172 2/21-2/26 2/21-2/243 2/28-3/4 2/28-3/34 3/5/-3/9 3/5-3/8

Storm events evaluated in 1989

Model Evaluation

Model Evaluation02443500 USGS Station Data

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

1/1/1989 1/21/1989 2/10/1989 3/2/1989 3/22/1989Time (days)

Flow

(cm

s)

Runoff and Baseflow Separation

• Web-based hydrograph separation system (WHAT)

02443500 USGS Station

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

1/1/1989 1/15/1989 1/29/1989 2/12/1989 2/26/1989 3/12/1989 3/26/1989

Time (days)

Flow

(cm

s)

Streamflow

Direct Runoff

Base Flow

Model Results: CalibrationHSPF Parameter

(unit)Definition Forest Agricultural Barren Wetlands

Urban orbuilt-up land

(pervious)

LZSN (mm) Lower zone nominal soil moisture storage 228.6 228.6 228.6 228.6 228.6

INFILT (mm h-1) Index to infiltration capacity 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3

KVARY (1/mm) Variable groundwater recession 45.7 45.7 45.7 45.7 45.7

AGWRC (1/day) Base groundwater recession 0.996 0.99 0.97 0.996 0.97

DEEPFR Fraction of groundwater inflow to deep recharge 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

BASETP Fraction of remaining evapotranspiration from baseflow 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03

AGWETPFraction of remaining

evapotranspiration from active groundwater

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0

CEPSC (mm) Interception storage capacity 5.1 4.6 0.0 3.8 1.3

UZSN (mm) Upper zone nominal soil moisture storage 24.4 18.8 18.8 24.4 18.8

NSUR Manning's for overland flow 0.4 0.2 0.25 0.4 0.15

INTFW Interflow inflow parameter 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

IRC (1/day) Interflow recession parameter 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

LZETP Lower zone evapotranspiration parameter 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.8 0.3

GSSHA Parameter

Definition (unit) Soil Forest Agricultural Barren WetlandsUrban or

built-up land(pervious)

K hydraulic conductivity (cm/hr) 0.14 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Ψ Suction head (cm) 11.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/Aθs Porosity (cm) 0.38 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/Anm Surface Roughness 0.31 0.35 0.15 0.40 0.045

Model Results: Calibration

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1/1/1989 1/16/1989 1/31/1989 2/15/1989 3/2/1989 3/17/1989

Dire

ct R

unof

f (cm

s)

Time (days)

Observed

HSPF

GSSHA


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1/1/1989 1/16/1989 1/31/1989 2/15/1989 3/2/1989 3/17/1989

Dire

ct R

unof

f (cm

s)

Time (days)

Observed

HSPF

GSSHA

HSPF Event

Peak error (%)

Volume error (%)

Runoff RMSE (cms)

Peak time error (days)

1 46.6 53.9 85.5 -12 -4.5 26.1 19.5 -13 23.4 60.0 45.0 -14 -31.8 16.2 30.9 -1

GSSHA Event

Peak error (%)

Volume error (%)

Runoff RMSE (cms)


1 32.2 27.0 96.3 02 -31.8 -41.8 28.0 -13 -28.0 5.9 80.7 -14 35.0 40.8 14.6 0


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1/1/1989 1/16/1989 1/31/1989 2/15/1989 3/2/1989 3/17/1989

Dire

ct R

unof

f (cm

s)

Time (days)

Observed

HSPF

GSSHA

HSPF Event

Peak error (%)

Volume error (%)

Runoff RMSE (cms)


1 46.6 53.9 85.5 -12 -4.5 26.1 19.5 -13 23.4 60.0 45.0 -14 -31.8 16.2 30.9 -1

GSSHA Event

Peak error (%)

Volume error (%)

Runoff RMSE (cms)


1 32.2 27.0 96.3 02 -31.8 -41.8 28.0 -13 -28.0 5.9 80.7 -14 35.0 40.8 14.6 0

(1980 GIRAS dataset)

Model Results: Verification

Model Results: Verification

HSPF Event

Peak error (%)

Volume error (%)

Runoff RMSE (cms)


1 48.7 57.9 42.1 02 59.5 81.6 18.8 03 53.5 83.1 34.4 04 40.8 73.8 15.2 0

GSSHA Event

Peak error (%)

Volume error (%)

Runoff RMSE (cms)


1 18.5 14.8 40.3 02 44.8 37.8 21.3 03 11.9 28.9 31.4 04 76.0 83.2 23.1 0

Conclusions

EPA HSPF is a comprehensive water quantity/quality watershed model. Hydrology is simulated using a physically based water budget scheme with empirical equations among the different components (interception, infiltration, evapotranspiration, surface runoff, etc).

USACE GSSHA is a physics-based multidimensional watershed model. While runoff excess calculations in the HSPF model use the soil

infiltration rate, the GSSHA model applies the soil hydraulic conductivity, along with a number of other soil parameters to compute a more physically based infiltration rate.

GSSHA, like HSPF, also under simulated runoff during most of the evaluated storm events.

This study found that the GSSHA model had a better performance than HSPF runoff results when calibrated parameters were evaluated in a sub-watershed outlet.

GSSHA was more computationally intensive and less efficient than HSPF: numerical solution-based scheme vs analytical solution 185,816 cells vs. 50 sub-watersheds 20 hours vs. 5 seconds (Dual Core AMD Opteron(m) 3 GB of RAM)

• Goal: Improve watershed-wide decision support for resource management agencies

Products (02/2007-01/2010)Watershed Modeling Improvements to Enhance Coastal Ecosystems


Mobile River watershed



3-D Models

HPC

GIS

Radar


Improved models

Use the state-of-the-art technology related to watershed simulation



3-D Models

HPC

GIS

Radar

Habitat


Improved models

Use the state-of-the-art technology related to watershed simulation

Habitat response evaluation

System-wide perspective


Products (02/2007-01/2010)

Supported Personnel• MSU Faculty: (8)

– Biology: Gary Ervin, Christopher Brooks– Civil Eng: Jairo Diaz, William McAnally, James Martin– GRI: Vladimir Alarcon– Landscape Architecture: Wayne Wilkerson– Forestry: Mary L. Tagert

• MSU Research Associates: (4)– Civil Eng: Sandra Ortega– GRI: Rita Jackson, Luis Wasson, and John Cartwright

• MSU Post-Doc: (1)– Civil Eng. Jairo Diaz

• MSU Students: (11)– John Ramirez (PhD, Civil Eng)– Jeremy Sharp, Jared McKee, and Richard McComas (MS, Civil Eng)– Carlos Ortiz (MBA) – Matthew Roberts (PhD, Biology)– Lee Turnage (MS, Biology)– David Holly, Robert Sawyer, Nathan Sonderman, Tanaya Johnson (BS, Biology)

• Student Awards: (3)– John Ramirez, PhD, Civil Eng: 2010 Environmental and Water Resources Engineering National Student Technical Paper Contest.

1st Place.– John Ramirez, PhD, Civil Eng: 2009 Northern Gulf Institute Annual Conference. Student Paper Contest. 2nd Place.– Jared McKee, MS, Civil Eng: 2008 Mississippi Water Resources Conference Best Student Paper Award.

• USACE Engineer Research and Development Center : (2)– Billy E. Johnson– Mike Follum

Products (02/2007-01/2010)

Collaborators(s)/Partners

PUBLICATIONS: Peer-Reviewed Journals (6)• Wilkerson G.W., W.H. McAnally, J.L. Martin, J.A. Ballweber, K. Collins Peavy, J. Diaz-Ramirez, and A. Moore. Latis: A Spatial Decision

Support System to Assess Low Impact Site Development Strategies. Submitted to Advances in Civil Engineering, Hindawi Publishing Corporation. [In Press]

• Ortega-Achury, S. L., J. J., Ramírez-Avila, W. H. McAnally, and J. L. Martin. 2010. Using turbidity and total suspended solids to determine suspended sediment concentration in the Town Creek Watershed. Paper to be submitted to the Journal of Hydrologic Engineering.

• Diaz-Ramirez, J.N., W.H. McAnally, and J.L. Martin. Sensitivity of Simulating Hydrologic Processes to Gauge and Radar Rainfall Data in Subtropical Coastal Catchments. Submitted to Journal of Hydrology [In review since January, 2010]

• Diaz-Ramirez, J.N., B.E. Johnson, W.H. McAnally, and J.L. Martin. Comparative Assessment of Multidimensional and Lumped Hydrologic Models: A Case Study in Alabama and Mississippi, USA. Submitted to Journal of Hydroinformatics [In review since January, 2010]

• Diaz-Ramirez, J.N., B.E. Johnson, W.H. McAnally, J.L. Martin, V.J. Alarcon, and J.J. Ramirez-Avila. Global Parameter Sensitivity and Uncertainty of the USEPA HSPF Model: A Hydrology Model Evaluation in Alabama and Mississippi. Submitted to Environmental Modelling & Software [In review since March, 2009]

• Diaz-Ramirez, J.N., V. Alarcon, Z. Duan, M.L. Tagert, W. H. McAnally, J. L. Martin, and C.G. O’Hara. 2008. Impacts of Land Use Characterization in Modeling Hydrology and Sediments for the Luxapallila Creek Watershed, Alabama/Mississippi. Transactions of the ASABE 51(1): 139-151.

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile DistrictBegun March 2007Provide in-kind support Nature: sharing of data and models, interlocking tasks

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer R&D CenterBegun June 2007Part reimbursed support, part in-kind support (signed agreements)Nature: Shared models, training on Corps’ models

U. S. Department of Agriculture, National Sediment LabBegun Dec 2007Planned reimbursable and in-kind support (signed agreement)Nature: Shared models, data, training on models and field operations

Products (02/2007-01/2010)

PUBLICATIONS: Peer-Reviewed Conference Proceedings (7)

PUBLICATIONS: Conference Proceedings (6)

PUBLICATIONS: Reports (12)

PUBLICATIONS: Thesis and Dissertations (2)

PRESENTATIONS: Conferences/Meetings (28)

http://physics.unipune.ernet.in/~cmg/img/publication.jpg

Ongoing Work

Acknowledgments

http://www.northerngulfinstitute.org/mobile/about.html

http://www.northerngulfinstitute.org/mobile/about.html�

Jairo Diaz

Email: [email protected]

Phone: 662-325-9885

Questions?

Constructive comments?

THANKS!!

Comparison of Lumped and Distributed Hydrologic Models for ...Baseflow Basin reservoir 2D Darcy's...

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