Future ICT Architectures: Perspectives, Requirements, and Challenges
Comparing perspectives on the role of ICT in education
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Transcript of Comparing perspectives on the role of ICT in education
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
Comparing perspectives on the role of ICT in
education
Bob Fox & Peter Twining
SITE ConferenceOrlando March 2006
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
Overview
• Background• Looking at occupational groups• Conclusions, discussion
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
The ‘problem’
• Reality rhetoric gap (Trend, Davis & Loveless 1999)
– High investment (e.g. Twining 2002)
– Low impact on learning (e.g. Pelgrum 2001; Cuban 2001; OFSTED 2002a, 2002b)
• Shared understandings? (Twining 2002)
Cuban (2001) Oversold and Underused: Computers in the Classroom, London: Harvard University Press.OFSTED (2002a) Primary Subject Reports 2000-01: Information and communication technology, London: HMSO.OFSTED (2002a) Secondary Subject Reports 2000-01: Information and communication technology, London: HMSO. Pelgrum (2001) Obstacles to the integration of ICT in education: results from a worldwide education assessment,
Computers & Education, 37 pp163-178.Trend, Davis & Loveless (1999) Information and Communications Technology, London: Letts.Twining (2002) Enhancing the impact of investments in educational ICT, Milton Keynes: Open University.
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
dICTatEd’s ApproachDiscussing ICT, Aspirations & Targets for Education
• Rationales in literature– 19 discrete rationales (mapped to Computer Practice Framework (CPF))
• Questionnaire– Views/aspirations– Shared ‘visions’?– Encourage debate
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
Analysis – Variations among
Occupational Groups
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
Eight Occupational Groups
• From total selection of 5885 respondents
• Sample includes 2136 responses
• Some ‘double counting’
Categories• Teacher Educators
• Advisers
• Parents
• Primary Teachers
• Secondary Teachers
• Teaching Assistants
• Primary Trainees
• Secondary Trainees
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
• Teacher Educators: N = 151
• Parents: N = 233
• Teaching Assistants: N = 64
• Primary Trainees: N = 485
• Secondary Trainees: N = 385
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
Advisers: N = 192• Advisers = 44
• Advisory Teachers = 39
• Inspectors = 7
• Consultants = 102
Not all are ICT specialists
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
Primary Teachers: N = 210• Teachers = 178
• Deputy Heads = 9
• Heads = 23
Secondary Teachers: N = 442• Teachers = 399
• Deputy Heads = 25
• Heads = 18
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
Eight Occupational Groups - N=2136
Teacher Educators, 151
Advisers, 192
Parents, 237
Primary Teachers, 210
Secondary Teachers, 442
Teaching Assistants, 64
Primary Trainees, 485
Secondary Trainees, 355
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
Distribution by Sex
76
94
176
148
237
54
400
188
70
94
55
58
194
7
75
257
0 100 200 300 400 500
Teacher Educators
Advisors
Parents
Primary Teachers
Secondary Teachers
Teaching Assistants
Primary Trainees
Secondary Trainees
FemaleMale
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
Located in UK?
85
119
205
126
237
62
457
328
66
73
32
205
2
28
27
84
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Teacher Educators
Advisors
Parents
Primary Teachers
Secondary Teachers
Teaching Assistants
Primary Trainees
Secondary Trainees
UKNon-UK
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
Responses to the 'Essential' question
138
177
201
184
395
57
452
332
13
15
36
26
47
7
33
23
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100%
Teacher Educators
Advisers
Parents
Primary Teachers
Secondary Teachers
Teaching Assistants
Primary Trainees
Secondary Trainees
YesNo
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
Responses to the 'Essential' question among primary teachers
22
46
142
4
10
15
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
EY
KS1
KS2
YesNo
Responses to the 'Essential' question among primary trainees
66
151
265
10
10
14
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
EY
KS1
KS2
YesNo
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
Rationales1) In order to learn IT skills.
2) As a tool to achieve traditional teaching and learning goals across the curriculum
3) In order to extend and enrich the curriculum
4) In order to motivate learners
5) As a catalyst for educational change
6) Because of the impact of ICT on the nature of knowledge
7) In order to fundamentally change teaching and learning
8) As a tool to support learners in thinking about their own learning
9) In order to provide access to the curriculum for those who might otherwise be excluded
10) In order to increase productivity in education
11) In order to reduce the cost of education
12) In order to make education more efficient
13) As a substitute for teachers
14) In order to reward learners
15) As preparation for living in a society that is permeated with technology
16) As preparation for work (employment)
17) In order to support and stimulate the country’s economic development
18) In order to impress stakeholders
19) In order to reduce inequalities of differential access outside formal education
8) As a tool to support learners in thinking about their own learning
9) In order to provide access to the curriculum for those who might otherwise be excluded
15) As preparation for living in a society that is permeated with technology
16) As preparation for work (employment)
19) In order to reduce inequalities of differential access outside formal education
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
Top Ten Rationales1) In order to learn IT skills
2) As a tool to achieve traditional teaching and learning goals across the curriculum
3) In order to extend and enrich the curriculum
4) In order to motivate learners
6) Because of the impact of ICT on the nature of knowledge
8) As a tool to support learners in thinking about their own learning
9) In order to provide access to the curriculum for those who might otherwise be excluded
15) As preparation for living in a society that is permeated with technology
16) As preparation for work (employment)
19) In order to reduce inequalities of differential access outside formal education
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
-3
-2 -10
1 2
3
Distribution of Means (N = 2136)
1513 18 11 14 1
9
3
16
419
6
8
257
10
12
17
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
-3
-2 -10
1 2
3
2.06
Rationale 15: As preparation for living in a society that is permeated with technology
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
2.06
PrimaryTeachers2.00
Advisers1.96
TeacherEducators1.87
Parents2.14
TeachingAssistants2.38
PrimaryTrainees2.11
SecondaryTrainees2.14
1.6 2.6
2.2 2.42.01.8
SecondaryTeachers1.99
Rationale 15: As preparation for living in a society that is permeated with technology
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
-3
-2 -10
1 2
3
1.93
Rationale 1: In order to learn IT skills
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
1.93
PrimaryTeachers1.72
Advisers1.53
TeacherEducators1.71
Parents2.08
TeachingAssistants2.28
PrimaryTrainees2.00
SecondaryTrainees2.18
SecondaryTeachers1.89
Rationale 1: In order to learn IT skills
1.4 2.4
2.0 2.21.81.6
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
-3
-2 -10
1 2
3
1.91
Rationale 9: In order to provide access to the curriculum for those who might otherwise be excluded
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
1.91
PrimaryTeachers1.83
Advisers1.77
TeacherEducators2.04
Parents1.79
TeachingAssistants2.41
PrimaryTrainees2.00
SecondaryTrainees1.80
SecondaryTeachers1.90
Rationale 9: In order to provide access to the curriculum for those who might otherwise be excluded
1.4 2.4
2.0 2.21.81.6
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
-3
-2 -10
1 2
3
-1.97
Rationale 13: As a substitute for teachers
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
-1.97
PrimaryTeachers-1.92
Teacher Educators-1.59
Advisers-2.06
Parents-2.16
TeachingAssistants-2.52
PrimaryTrainees-2.09SecondaryTrainees-2.05
SecondaryTeachers-1.72
Rationale 13: As a substitute for teachers
-2.6 -1.6
-2.0 -1.8-2.2-2.4
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
-3
-2 -10
1 2
3
0.71
Rationale 7: In order to fundamentally change teaching and learning
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
0.71
PrimaryTeachers0.7
Advisers1.09
TeacherEducators1.23Parents
0.33TeachingAssistants0.5
PrimaryTrainees0.75
SecondaryTrainees0.37
SecondaryTeachers0.84
Rationale 7: In order to fundamentally change teaching and learning
0.2 1.2
0.8 1.00.60.4
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
Rankings
• (Based on 3 points for 1st choice, 2 for 2nd, 1 for 3rd)
• These correlate highly, but not precisely, with rating order (about 0.7)
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
Rationale 15: As preparation for living in a society that is permeated with technology
1st Choice: Parents, Secondary teachers, Secondary trainees, Teaching Assistants
2nd Choice: Teacher educators, Primary teachers, Primary trainees
3rd Choice: Advisers
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
Rationale 3: In order to extend and enrich learning across the curriculum
1st Choice: Teacher educators, Advisers, Primary teachers, Primary trainees
2nd Choice: Secondary teachers
3rd Choice: Secondary trainees
4th Choice: Parents
5th Choice: Teaching Assistants
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
Rationale 1: In order to learn IT skills
1st Choice:
2nd Choice: Parents, Secondary trainees
3rd Choice: Primary teachers, Primary trainees, Teaching Assistants
4th Choice: Secondary teachers
5th Choice:
6th Choice: Teacher educators
7th Choice: Advisers
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
Rationale 6: Because of the impact of ICT on the nature of knowledge
1st Choice:
2nd Choice: Advisers
3rd Choice: Teacher educators, Parents, Secondary teachers
6th Choice: Teaching Assistants, Primary trainees, Secondary trainees
8th Choice: Primary teachers
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
Rationale 9: In order to provide access to the curriculum for those who might otherwise be excluded from it
1st Choice:
2nd Choice: Teaching Assistants
3rd Choice:
4th Choice: Teacher educators, Advisers, Primary teachers,
Primary trainees
5th Choice: Parents, Secondary teachers, Secondary trainees
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
Least Popular Rationale:Rationale 13 (As a substitute for teachers)
Primary Teachers, Secondary Teachers, Secondary Trainees
~ For Primary Trainees it was 5th worst…
Rationale 18 (In order to impress stakeholders)
~ No category placed this last
Rationale 11 (In order to reduce the cost of education)
Teacher Educators, Primary Trainees
Rationale 14 (In order to reward learners)
Advisers, Parents
Rationale 17 (In order to support and stimulate the country’s economic development)
Teaching Assistants
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
Conclusion
Enhancing the impact of investments in ‘educational’ ICT
Bob Fox & Peter Twining www.meD8.info/dictated/ SITE Conference March 2006
Helping each other
• Stimulating debate• Auditing views
– Students on entry and exit– Staff
• More responses => Finer grained analysis
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