Compare and contrast: Asexual and sexual reproduction Somatic cells and Asomatic cells Mitosis and...
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Transcript of Compare and contrast: Asexual and sexual reproduction Somatic cells and Asomatic cells Mitosis and...
![Page 1: Compare and contrast: Asexual and sexual reproduction Somatic cells and Asomatic cells Mitosis and Meiosis.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013012/56649e855503460f94b87292/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
REPRODUCTION AND SEXUAL
DIVISIONCompare and contrast:
Asexual and sexual reproductionSomatic cells and Asomatic cells
Mitosis and Meiosis
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Asexual Reproduction: Mitotic Division
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Copyrighted for http://www.arhp.org/uploadImages/cloning_3.gif
Asexual Reproduction: Mitotic Division
(Cloning)
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Asexual Reproduction:
Budding in a Hydra
Copyrighted http://image.tutorvista.com/content/reproduction/hydra-budding.jpeg
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Asexual Reproduction: Fragmentation or Regeneration
Copyrighted to www.tutorvista.com/search/rafting-lower-new-river
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Asexual Reproduction: Parthenogenesis of a water
flea
Copyrighted http://www.waterflea.org/waterflea.org/Images/lifecycle.jpg
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Asexual Reproduction: Fission in bacteria
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Copyrighted to http://image.tutorvista.com/content/reproduction/vegetative-propagation-by-runners.jpeg
Asexual Reproduction:
Vegetative Propagation
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Somatic cells vs. Asomatic Cells
SOMATIC CELLS ASOMATIC CELLS
Cells that are produced for use by the body.
The cells have a diploid (2n) chromosome.
Produced during mitosis.
Also known as the parent cells.
Cells that are produced for the use in reproduction.
The cells have a haploid (n) chromosome.
Produced during meiosis.
Also known as male or female gametes.
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Chromosome Numbers of Common Organisms
Organism Body Cell (2n)
Fruit fly 8Garden pea 14Corn 20Tomato 24Leopard Frog 26 13Apple 34Human 46Chimpanzee 48Dog 78Adder’s tongue fern 1260
Gamete (n)47
1012
17232439
630
This table shows the diploid and haploid number of chromosomes of some species.
Diploid and haploid cellsDiploid and haploid cells
Copyright BDOL 2006
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On homologous chromosomes, these genes are arranged in the same order, but because there are different possible alleles for the same gene, the two chromosomes in a homologous pair are not always identical to each other.
Homologous chromosomesHomologous chromosomesHomologous Chromosome 4
a A
Terminal Axial
InflatedD Constrictedd
Tall
TShort
t
Copyright BDOL 2006
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Meiosis consists of two separate divisions,known as meiosis I and meiosis II.
Meiosis I begins with one diploid (2n) cell.
By the end of meiosis II, there arefour haploid (n) cells.
Why meiosis?Why meiosis?
Copyright BDOL 2006
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Meiosis: Asomatic Cell Division
http://www.biochem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/yamamoto-lab/images/meiosis.jpg
Female gamete
Male gamete
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There must be another form of cell division that allows offspring to have the same number of chromosomes as their parents.
This kind of cell division, which produces gametes containing half the number of chromosomes as a parent’s body cell, is called meiosis.
Why meiosis?Why meiosis?
Copyright BDOL 2006
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These haploid cells are called sex cells—gametes.
Male gametes are called sperm.
Female gametes are called eggs.
When a sperm fertilizes an egg, theresulting zygote once again has the diploid number of chromosomes.
Why meiosis?Why meiosis?
Copyright BDOL 2006
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NondisjunctionNondisjunctionMale parent (2n)
Female parent (2n)
Meiosis
Nondisjunction
Meiosis
Nondisjunction
Abnormalgamete (2n)
Abnormalgamete (2n)
Zygote(4n)
Copyright BDOL 2006