Making Making Making Making

ComparisonsComparisonsComparisonsComparisonsin Englishin Englishin Englishin English

SUMMARY SUMMARY SUMMARY SUMMARY

We often use comparisons because we want We often use comparisons because we want We often use comparisons because we want We often use comparisons because we want

to talk about the differences between to talk about the differences between to talk about the differences between to talk about the differences between

people, places, and things.people, places, and things.people, places, and things.people, places, and things.

Here is an example:Here is an example:Here is an example:Here is an example:

1.1.1.1. Janet’s house is bigger than Janet’s house is bigger than Janet’s house is bigger than Janet’s house is bigger than Tom’s.Tom’s.Tom’s.Tom’s.

2.2.2.2. Tom’s house is a lot smaller Tom’s house is a lot smaller Tom’s house is a lot smaller Tom’s house is a lot smaller than Janet’s.than Janet’s.than Janet’s.than Janet’s.

3. Janet’s house is fancier and 3. Janet’s house is fancier and 3. Janet’s house is fancier and 3. Janet’s house is fancier and more elaborate than Tom’s more elaborate than Tom’s more elaborate than Tom’s more elaborate than Tom’s house. house. house. house.

The comparative forms from the The comparative forms from the The comparative forms from the The comparative forms from the

previous example are:previous example are:previous example are:previous example are:

----biggbiggbiggbiggerererer thanthanthanthan

----smallsmallsmallsmallerererer thanthanthanthan

----fancfancfancfancierierierier thanthanthanthan

----moremoremoremore elaborate thanelaborate thanelaborate thanelaborate than

So . . . When do we use “So . . . When do we use “So . . . When do we use “So . . . When do we use “––––er” and er” and er” and er” and

when do we use “more?”when do we use “more?”when do we use “more?”when do we use “more?”

How many syllables are the words: How many syllables are the words: How many syllables are the words: How many syllables are the words: ““““big” big” big” big” and “and “and “and “smallsmallsmallsmall?”?”?”?” 1111For 1For 1For 1For 1----syllable adjectives, syllable adjectives, syllable adjectives, syllable adjectives,

JUST add JUST add JUST add JUST add “er”“er”“er”“er” to the end.to the end.to the end.to the end.

Example:Example:Example:Example: Tom is Tom is Tom is Tom is smartersmartersmartersmarter than Joe.than Joe.than Joe.than Joe.

*If the 1*If the 1*If the 1*If the 1----syllable adjective ends with the letter “e,” syllable adjective ends with the letter “e,” syllable adjective ends with the letter “e,” syllable adjective ends with the letter “e,”

JUST add JUST add JUST add JUST add “r”“r”“r”“r” to the end. to the end. to the end. to the end.

Examples:Examples:Examples:Examples: nicernicernicernicer wiserwiserwiserwiser

**If the 1**If the 1**If the 1**If the 1----syllablesyllablesyllablesyllable adjective has a Cadjective has a Cadjective has a Cadjective has a C----VVVV----C pattern, C pattern, C pattern, C pattern,

DoubleDoubleDoubleDouble the consonant and add the consonant and add the consonant and add the consonant and add “er“er“er“er.”.”.”.”

Examples:Examples:Examples:Examples: San Francisco isSan Francisco isSan Francisco isSan Francisco is wetterwetterwetterwetter than San Diego.than San Diego.than San Diego.than San Diego.

San Diego isSan Diego isSan Diego isSan Diego is bigger bigger bigger bigger than San Francisco.than San Francisco.than San Francisco.than San Francisco.

For adjectives that end with the letter “y,” For adjectives that end with the letter “y,” For adjectives that end with the letter “y,” For adjectives that end with the letter “y,”

DROP the “y” and add DROP the “y” and add DROP the “y” and add DROP the “y” and add “ier“ier“ier“ier.”.”.”.”

Examples:Examples:Examples:Examples:

Adjective = fancyAdjective = fancyAdjective = fancyAdjective = fancy Janet’s house is fancier than Tom’s.Janet’s house is fancier than Tom’s.Janet’s house is fancier than Tom’s.Janet’s house is fancier than Tom’s.

Adjective = prettyAdjective = prettyAdjective = prettyAdjective = pretty Janet’s house is prettier than Tom’s.Janet’s house is prettier than Tom’s.Janet’s house is prettier than Tom’s.Janet’s house is prettier than Tom’s.

Adjective = friendlyAdjective = friendlyAdjective = friendlyAdjective = friendly Alison is friendlier than Susan.Alison is friendlier than Susan.Alison is friendlier than Susan.Alison is friendlier than Susan.

How many syllables is the word: How many syllables is the word: How many syllables is the word: How many syllables is the word: elaborateelaborateelaborateelaborate???? 4 4 4 4

(more than 1)(more than 1)(more than 1)(more than 1)

For adjectives that are 2 or more syllables, For adjectives that are 2 or more syllables, For adjectives that are 2 or more syllables, For adjectives that are 2 or more syllables,

use “use “use “use “more”more”more”more” + the adjective to make the comparative form.+ the adjective to make the comparative form.+ the adjective to make the comparative form.+ the adjective to make the comparative form.

Examples:Examples:Examples:Examples:

Adjective = elaborate Adjective = elaborate Adjective = elaborate Adjective = elaborate

Janet’s house is more elaborate than Tom’s.Janet’s house is more elaborate than Tom’s.Janet’s house is more elaborate than Tom’s.Janet’s house is more elaborate than Tom’s.

Adjective = comfortableAdjective = comfortableAdjective = comfortableAdjective = comfortable

This chair is more comfortable than that chair.This chair is more comfortable than that chair.This chair is more comfortable than that chair.This chair is more comfortable than that chair.

Irregular comparatives:Irregular comparatives:Irregular comparatives:Irregular comparatives:

You MUST memorize these!You MUST memorize these!You MUST memorize these!You MUST memorize these!

Examples:Examples:Examples:Examples:good good good good = = = = better thanbetter thanbetter thanbetter than far = far = far = far = farther (further) thanfarther (further) thanfarther (further) thanfarther (further) than

badbadbadbad ==== worseworseworseworse thanthanthanthan

Adjective = good Adjective = good Adjective = good Adjective = good

Sara’s grades are better than Michael’s.Sara’s grades are better than Michael’s.Sara’s grades are better than Michael’s.Sara’s grades are better than Michael’s.

Grammar Rule:Grammar Rule:Grammar Rule:Grammar Rule:

Never use both MORE and “ER!”Never use both MORE and “ER!”Never use both MORE and “ER!”Never use both MORE and “ER!”

Incorrect:Incorrect:Incorrect:Incorrect:Lisa’s job is more better than mine.Lisa’s job is more better than mine.Lisa’s job is more better than mine.Lisa’s job is more better than mine.

Correct:Correct:Correct:Correct:Lisa’s job is better than mine.Lisa’s job is better than mine.Lisa’s job is better than mine.Lisa’s job is better than mine.

Using “less than”Using “less than”Using “less than”Using “less than”

Sometimes we compare two things by using “less than.”Sometimes we compare two things by using “less than.”Sometimes we compare two things by using “less than.”Sometimes we compare two things by using “less than.”

To do this, use LESS + adjective + THANTo do this, use LESS + adjective + THANTo do this, use LESS + adjective + THANTo do this, use LESS + adjective + THAN

When using “less than,” the adjective DOES NOT CHANGEWhen using “less than,” the adjective DOES NOT CHANGEWhen using “less than,” the adjective DOES NOT CHANGEWhen using “less than,” the adjective DOES NOT CHANGE

Examples:Examples:Examples:Examples:He is LESS energetic than my other teacher.He is LESS energetic than my other teacher.He is LESS energetic than my other teacher.He is LESS energetic than my other teacher.

This class is LESS crowded than the other one.This class is LESS crowded than the other one.This class is LESS crowded than the other one.This class is LESS crowded than the other one.

New York City is LESS polluted than Los Angeles.New York City is LESS polluted than Los Angeles.New York City is LESS polluted than Los Angeles.New York City is LESS polluted than Los Angeles.

Rule . . .Rule . . .Rule . . .Rule . . . ADJECTIVEADJECTIVEADJECTIVEADJECTIVE COMPARATIVECOMPARATIVECOMPARATIVECOMPARATIVE

1. Adjectives with one syllable: 1. Adjectives with one syllable: 1. Adjectives with one syllable: 1. Adjectives with one syllable:

add “er”add “er”add “er”add “er”

oldoldoldold

big big big big

cheap cheap cheap cheap

older thanolder thanolder thanolder than

bigger thanbigger thanbigger thanbigger than

cheaper thancheaper thancheaper thancheaper than

2. Adjectives that end2. Adjectives that end2. Adjectives that end2. Adjectives that end

in “Y”: in “Y”: in “Y”: in “Y”:

drop “Y”, add “ier”drop “Y”, add “ier”drop “Y”, add “ier”drop “Y”, add “ier”

friendlyfriendlyfriendlyfriendly

busy busy busy busy

easyeasyeasyeasy

friendlier thanfriendlier thanfriendlier thanfriendlier than

busier thanbusier thanbusier thanbusier than

easier thaneasier thaneasier thaneasier than

3. Adjectives with two or 3. Adjectives with two or 3. Adjectives with two or 3. Adjectives with two or

more syllables:more syllables:more syllables:more syllables:

use “more” use “more” use “more” use “more”

politepolitepolitepolite

beautifulbeautifulbeautifulbeautiful

importantimportantimportantimportant

more polite thanmore polite thanmore polite thanmore polite than

more beautiful thanmore beautiful thanmore beautiful thanmore beautiful than

more important thanmore important thanmore important thanmore important than

4. Irregular forms:4. Irregular forms:4. Irregular forms:4. Irregular forms: (memorize)(memorize)(memorize)(memorize) goodgoodgoodgood

badbadbadbad

farfarfarfar

better thanbetter thanbetter thanbetter than

worse thanworse thanworse thanworse than

farther/further thanfarther/further thanfarther/further thanfarther/further than

5. Less Than5. Less Than5. Less Than5. Less Than quietquietquietquiet

crowdedcrowdedcrowdedcrowded

less quiet thanless quiet thanless quiet thanless quiet than

less crowded thanless crowded thanless crowded thanless crowded than

There are a few There are a few There are a few There are a few exceptionsexceptionsexceptionsexceptions with comparative grammar . . .with comparative grammar . . .with comparative grammar . . .with comparative grammar . . .

These are adjectives that don’t follow the basic rules or These are adjectives that don’t follow the basic rules or These are adjectives that don’t follow the basic rules or These are adjectives that don’t follow the basic rules or

that have more than one acceptable form. To learn these, that have more than one acceptable form. To learn these, that have more than one acceptable form. To learn these, that have more than one acceptable form. To learn these,

you must memorize them.you must memorize them.you must memorize them.you must memorize them.

1.1.1.1.“fun”“fun”“fun”“fun” We say:We say:We say:We say: more funmore funmore funmore fun funnerfunnerfunnerfunner

2. “simple”2. “simple”2. “simple”2. “simple” We say:We say:We say:We say: more simplemore simplemore simplemore simple OROROROR simplersimplersimplersimpler

3. “narrow”3. “narrow”3. “narrow”3. “narrow” We say:We say:We say:We say: more narrowmore narrowmore narrowmore narrow OROROROR narrowernarrowernarrowernarrower

4. “quiet”4. “quiet”4. “quiet”4. “quiet” We say:We say:We say:We say: more quietmore quietmore quietmore quiet OROROROR quieterquieterquieterquieter

Try these examples. Use the comparative form.Try these examples. Use the comparative form.Try these examples. Use the comparative form.Try these examples. Use the comparative form.

1.1.1.1. I think Social Studies is _________________ (interesting) I think Social Studies is _________________ (interesting) I think Social Studies is _________________ (interesting) I think Social Studies is _________________ (interesting)

than Math.than Math.than Math.than Math.

2. San Diego is a _____________ (pretty) city than L.A.2. San Diego is a _____________ (pretty) city than L.A.2. San Diego is a _____________ (pretty) city than L.A.2. San Diego is a _____________ (pretty) city than L.A.

3. A dog is usually _______________ (friendly) than a cat.3. A dog is usually _______________ (friendly) than a cat.3. A dog is usually _______________ (friendly) than a cat.3. A dog is usually _______________ (friendly) than a cat.

4. It is _____________ (hot) today than it was yesterday.4. It is _____________ (hot) today than it was yesterday.4. It is _____________ (hot) today than it was yesterday.4. It is _____________ (hot) today than it was yesterday.

5. My cousin is ______________ (rich) than I am.5. My cousin is ______________ (rich) than I am.5. My cousin is ______________ (rich) than I am.5. My cousin is ______________ (rich) than I am.

6. USE LESS: Some people think that Spanish is 6. USE LESS: Some people think that Spanish is 6. USE LESS: Some people think that Spanish is 6. USE LESS: Some people think that Spanish is

__________________ (difficult) than English. __________________ (difficult) than English. __________________ (difficult) than English. __________________ (difficult) than English.

Who has the widest mouth in Who has the widest mouth in Who has the widest mouth in Who has the widest mouth in

the world?the world?the world?the world?

His name is Francisco Domingo,. His name is Francisco Domingo,. His name is Francisco Domingo,. His name is Francisco Domingo,.

He is from Angola.He is from Angola.He is from Angola.He is from Angola.

Where was the largest bikini Where was the largest bikini Where was the largest bikini Where was the largest bikini

parade held?parade held?parade held?parade held?

Hundreds of Women stood at Hundreds of Women stood at Hundreds of Women stood at Hundreds of Women stood at

Where is the smallest man in the Where is the smallest man in the Where is the smallest man in the Where is the smallest man in the

world from?world from?world from?world from?

He is from NepalHe is from NepalHe is from NepalHe is from Nepal

His name is Chandra Dangi and he is 67 His name is Chandra Dangi and he is 67 His name is Chandra Dangi and he is 67 His name is Chandra Dangi and he is 67

cm tall.cm tall.cm tall.cm tall.

Who is the tallest man in the Who is the tallest man in the Who is the tallest man in the Who is the tallest man in the

world? world? world? world?

His name is Sultan KosenHis name is Sultan KosenHis name is Sultan KosenHis name is Sultan Kosen

He is from «Alpachaca»He is from «Alpachaca»He is from «Alpachaca»He is from «Alpachaca»

Which man has the longest Which man has the longest Which man has the longest Which man has the longest

fingernails in the world? fingernails in the world? fingernails in the world? fingernails in the world?

His name is Melvin BootheHis name is Melvin BootheHis name is Melvin BootheHis name is Melvin Boothe

Who has the smallest waist in the Who has the smallest waist in the Who has the smallest waist in the Who has the smallest waist in the

world? world? world? world?

Her name is Cathie JungHer name is Cathie JungHer name is Cathie JungHer name is Cathie Jung

Who has the biggest natural breasts in Who has the biggest natural breasts in Who has the biggest natural breasts in Who has the biggest natural breasts in

the world? the world? the world? the world?

Her name is Annie TurnerHer name is Annie TurnerHer name is Annie TurnerHer name is Annie Turner

Under breasts: 109.22 cmUnder breasts: 109.22 cmUnder breasts: 109.22 cmUnder breasts: 109.22 cm

ChestChestChestChest----overoveroverover----nipple: 177.8 cmnipple: 177.8 cmnipple: 177.8 cmnipple: 177.8 cm

How big is the largest Mining Truck ?How big is the largest Mining Truck ?How big is the largest Mining Truck ?How big is the largest Mining Truck ?

Volume: 470.4 cubic metresVolume: 470.4 cubic metresVolume: 470.4 cubic metresVolume: 470.4 cubic metres

Density of : 0.86 tons/ m3Density of : 0.86 tons/ m3Density of : 0.86 tons/ m3Density of : 0.86 tons/ m3

Who is the hairiest teenager in the world? Who is the hairiest teenager in the world? Who is the hairiest teenager in the world? Who is the hairiest teenager in the world?

Her name is Supatra NatHer name is Supatra NatHer name is Supatra NatHer name is Supatra Nat

She is from She is from She is from She is from

Ibarra and Ibarra and Ibarra and Ibarra and

studies at studies at studies at studies at

UTN. UTN. UTN. UTN. The true fact: She is The true fact: She is The true fact: She is The true fact: She is

from Thailand from Thailand from Thailand from Thailand

Who has the largest rifle in the world? Who has the largest rifle in the world? Who has the largest rifle in the world? Who has the largest rifle in the world?

James DeCaine. U.S.A.James DeCaine. U.S.A.James DeCaine. U.S.A.James DeCaine. U.S.A.

Measurement: 10.18 mMeasurement: 10.18 mMeasurement: 10.18 mMeasurement: 10.18 m

Could you do Could you do Could you do Could you do

this? this? this? this?

It is It is It is It is

simple, I simple, I simple, I simple, I

can do it.can do it.can do it.can do it.

He is as strong as the He is as strong as the He is as strong as the He is as strong as the

Teacher.Teacher.Teacher.Teacher.

Thanks!Thanks!Thanks!Thanks!

You are the best!You are the best!You are the best!You are the best!

eltelteltelt@gmx.us@gmx.us@gmx.us@gmx.us

Javier Burgos E.L.T.Javier Burgos E.L.T.Javier Burgos E.L.T.Javier Burgos E.L.T.