Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Blood and hemodynamics.
-
Upload
bernadette-wiggins -
Category
Documents
-
view
223 -
download
4
Transcript of Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Blood and hemodynamics.
![Page 1: Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Blood and hemodynamics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f2f5503460f94c4a028/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Comparative Vertebrate Physiology
Blood and hemodynamics
![Page 2: Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Blood and hemodynamics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f2f5503460f94c4a028/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Blood composition Plasma and formed elements Formed elements
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets Hematocrit
<45% anemia (O2 delivery problems) >45% polycythemia (circulation problem)
Plasma
WBC’s, platelets
RBC’s
![Page 3: Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Blood and hemodynamics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f2f5503460f94c4a028/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Plasma Contents
90% water Protein (albumin) Fats, amino acids, salts, gases, enzymes,
hormones Narrow osmolality range in mammals only
![Page 4: Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Blood and hemodynamics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f2f5503460f94c4a028/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Erythrocytes Most verts. have a nucleus (exceptions some fish, amphibians, humans) Shape (oval in Aves,spherical, elliptical to biconcave disc in mammals)
![Page 5: Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Blood and hemodynamics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f2f5503460f94c4a028/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Leukocytes Protection against invasion Granulocytes
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
• Agranulocytes• No cytoplasmic granules• Lymphocytes, monocytes
![Page 6: Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Blood and hemodynamics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f2f5503460f94c4a028/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Platelets Fragments of bone marrow
(megakaryocytes) Clotting function Age quickly (enucleate)
![Page 7: Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Blood and hemodynamics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f2f5503460f94c4a028/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Erythropoiesis1. Ribosome manufacturing
2. Hb synthesis and accumulation
3. Nucleus and organelle ejection
![Page 8: Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Blood and hemodynamics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f2f5503460f94c4a028/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Erythropoiesis
![Page 9: Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Blood and hemodynamics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f2f5503460f94c4a028/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Rheology Relationship between pressure and flow
of fluid 1. Viscosity
![Page 10: Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Blood and hemodynamics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f2f5503460f94c4a028/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Rheology Flow rate = 1/viscosity
![Page 11: Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Blood and hemodynamics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f2f5503460f94c4a028/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Rheology Flow rate is directly proportional to
differences in pressure
![Page 12: Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Blood and hemodynamics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f2f5503460f94c4a028/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Rheology Flow rate is indirectly proportional to
vessel length
![Page 13: Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Blood and hemodynamics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f2f5503460f94c4a028/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Rheology Flow rate is directly proportional to the
fourth power of the radius of the vessel
![Page 14: Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Blood and hemodynamics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f2f5503460f94c4a028/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Hemodynamics Rate of blood flow slowest in highest cross sectional
areas Functional significance
![Page 15: Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Blood and hemodynamics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f2f5503460f94c4a028/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Blood flow Laminar flow
Continuous (small vessels) Pulsatile (large vessels)
![Page 16: Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Blood and hemodynamics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f2f5503460f94c4a028/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Blood flow Turbulent flow
Definition (obstruction, sharp turns, high flow rate)
Occurs after aortic and pulmonary valves
![Page 17: Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Blood and hemodynamics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f2f5503460f94c4a028/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Blood flow
Reynold’s number determines whether flow is laminar or turbulent
Re Directly proportional to velocity Directly proportional to the radius Inversely proportional to viscosity
![Page 18: Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Blood and hemodynamics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f2f5503460f94c4a028/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Blood flow