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COMPARATIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION...2012/05/21 · COMPARATIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION State of the...
Transcript of COMPARATIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION...2012/05/21 · COMPARATIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION State of the...
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COMPARATIVE PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
State of the art & potentials for
configurationalcomparative methods
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“Compare or perish”
• Comparison as the very essence of the sciencific method– Without comparisons to make, the mind does not know how to proceed (De Tocqueville, quoted in Almond & Powell 1992:3)
– the construction of a science of administrationdepended upon the success in establishingpropositions that would transcend nationalboundaries (Dahl 1947)
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Ambitions of CPA and cpa
• Build and test theories that make usunderstand and predict structures andperformances of p.a.
• Scientific goal and practical purpose• Institutional and policy transfer• Succesful transfer relies on adaptationslessons learned to contingencies of administrative systems
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Stringent and relaxed definitionsof CPA
• Textbook comparative design• Allegedly weaker variants
– Dichotomies and typologies– Thick contextual description– Secondary analysis– Single cases
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Limits of CPA
• Institutional: time, money, support• Complexity of public administration• Problems of operational definition andmeasurement
• Limited independent data‐sets• Post‐positivism
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Sources of optimism for CPA
• Availability of data– Policy diffusing agencies such as OECD, Worldbank, UN
– Peer learning within EU – open method of co‐ordination
– Growth in academic databases – agencies andadministrative reforms
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Sources of optimism for CPA
• Advances in comparative documentation• More analytical strategies for theory testing• Time series
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Screening and review
• Fitzpatrick et al. (2011): QCA not mentioned• CPA frameworks (based on Heady, 1966)• a. Institutional: focus on the design and role of political structures
in public administration; governance arrangements, networks, citizen participation; administrative agencies; or legal issues found in constitutions, legislation, executive orders, or regulation.
• b. administrative processes: management functions or organizational procedures to implement public policies. This includes leadership, HRM, budget and financial management, information systems, policy‐formulation, policy or program implementation, and oversight,accountability and evaluation
• c. cultural frameworks: values, views, norms, or attitudes of the regions being studied or individuals or groups in the region
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Journals surveyed for QCA applications
Step 1: Identification of potentially interesting articles• English language journals (no conference papers & book
chapters): – 28 public administration journals of Fitzpatrick et al. (2011)– Social Sciences Citation Index
• disciplines: (a) public administration, (b) political science and (c) management
– COMPASSS database
• Key words: qualitative comparative * OR QCA OR crisp set OR csQCA OR multi value QCA OR mvQCA OR fuzzy set QCA OR fsQCA OR set theory OR configuration*
• Time of publication: …‐ 2011
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Journals surveyed for QCA applicationsStep 2: Content analysis• Articles need to address public administration content: i.e. “activities
required to deliver public policies”• PA frameworks of Heady, 1966 as point of reference• Outcome + majority of conditions should be PA relevant• Excluded:
– Substantive policy research!– Articles that dealt solely with political science issues– Meta‐articles without PA relevant QCA application
Resulting: 29 articles (1993‐2011)• Compare with COMPASSS database
– “comparative politics” (n=66)– “business and economics” (n=31)– “management and organization” (n=14)
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Dates of publication
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Comparative frameworks used
A: InstitutionalB: Administrative processesC: Culture
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QCA niche in comparison with CPA general (Fitzpatrick et al., 2011)
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1. Reform2. Accountability, performance monitoring,
evaluation3. NPM4. Ethics, corruption, public sector values5. Budgeting, public finance6. Decentralization7. Development
8. Implementation of program/policy9. Local government10. HRM11. Multilevel governance12. Institutional design13. Citizen participation14. Common pool resource management15. Regulatory governance16. Networks
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Locations of research
0
10
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30
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70
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Africa Asia Europe USA LatinAmerica
QCA nicheFitzpatrick
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Units of analysis
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Techniques used
62%
38%
Only QCA
QCA in combination with"quantitative method(s)"
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Number of conditions
5(34% of the articles)
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Size of the sample
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Proportion conditions/cases
31-40%31% of the articles
21-30%24% of the articles
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Proportion of articles testinghypotheses
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Taking stock: preliminary insights
• Still limited number of applications in 25 years• Dominant focus on cpa (normative, applied) rather than
on CPA (theory building; typology building)• Limited replication of research transferability of
findings?• Limited use of available databases
– MESO level: e.g. agencies; – MICRO: e.g. public service motivation
• But: increasing number of institutionalized initiativespromoting QCA applications (e.g. IRSPM; Academy of Management; ECPR; etc.)…
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MORE INFORMATION?
Prof. Dr. Marleen Brans & Dra. Valérie Pattyn
Public Management InstituteK.U.Leuven, Belgium
[email protected]@soc.kuleuven.be