Comparative Precipitation Analysis and Validation of NEXRAD (Stage III) Data, Stream Flow Data, and...

Comparative Precipitation Analysis and Validation of NEXRAD (Stage III) Data, Stream Flow Data,

and Rain Gauge Data located in the San Antonio Basin

Jayar S. Griffith

http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov

Next Generation Weather Radar WSR-88D(NEXRAD)

Resolution: 1,2,4 (km)

TemporalResolution: 6-10 min

Maximum ReflectivityRange: 143 miles

Remote SensingRadar emits energy

Dr. Hongjie Xie

160 Radars

returned pulse

receiver

Z-R Relation

StandardStandardZ = 300 RZ = 300 R1.41.4

TropicalTropicalZ = 250 RZ = 250 R1.21.2

Z R

Reflectivity Precipitation

Dr. Hongjie Xie

NEXRAD Products

GRLevelII Software

Stage I: Hourly Digital Precipitation (HDP)

Stage II: HDP Merges with Rainfall Gages

Stage III: Mosaic Stage II cover a RFC area

Stage IV: Mosaic Stage III for CONUS

Level II: Reflectivity Product

Level III: Rainfall Product

Real Time NEXRAD DATA on the WEB

http://www.rap.ucar.edu/weather/radar

NEXRAD 0.5 Base Reflectivity

http://www.rap.ucar.edu/weather/radar

0 40 8020 Kilometers

0 440 880220 Kilometers

®San Antonio River Basin Watershed

SA River Basin DEM

sadem

Value

3 - 126.0625

126.0625001 - 229.546875

229.5468751 - 352.609375

352.6093751 - 500.84375

500.8437501 - 719

Jayar S. GriffithES6503 Rainfall ProjectSource: TNRIS, ESRI, Dr. Hongjie XieProjection: GCS_North_American_1983

Area of Study

San Antonio Basin Watershed

MEDINA

CIBOLO

LOWER SAN ANTONIOSan Antonio River Basin

LowerSA

Cibolo

UpperSA

Medina0 30 6015 Miles

«San Antonio Basin Sub-Regions

Jayar S. Griffith

Cibolo Creek

Lower SA River

Salado Creek

Upper SA River

Leon Creek

Medina River

San Antonio River Basin

LowerSA

Cibolo

Medina

UpperSA

USGS Stream Flow Gage

SA Basin River System

0 30 6015 Miles

«

Jayar S. Griffith

San Antonio Basin Major River System

418773418658

418653

418169

417947

417946

417945

417836

417628

417422

415742

414696

413620413618

413201

413065

412850

411215

410902

National Weather Service Rain Gage Network

Hourly Rain Gage Data

COOP ID Rain GageStation

Data unavailable on Internet

No Rain Gage Validation

http://nndc.noaa.gov

USGS Stream Flow Data

Stream Flow Data in HourlyDischarge (cfs) is onlyavailable within the past 31 days

Data must be downloaded monthly

http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/rt

Analysis of Stream Flow Data

Stream Flow USGS Gage: 08181500

Discharge, cfs Hour

Discharge, cubic meters

USGS8181500

10/23/2004 15:15

4.63 208 16

USGS8181500

10/23/2004 15:30

4.77 230 16

USGS8181500

10/23/2004 15:45

4.88 248 16

USGS8181500

10/23/2004 16:00

4.98 265 16

95116 Total 269.29

USGS8181500

10/23/2004 16:15

5.02 272 17

USGS8181500

10/23/2004 16:30

5.06 279 17

USGS8181500

10/23/2004 16:45

5.06 279 17

USGS8181500

10/23/2004 17:00

5.07 281 17

111117 Total 314.60

USGS Stream Flow Datahttp://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/rt

1) Download Hourly Stream Flow Data2) Convert Text file to Excel

Cibolo Creek

Lower SA River

Salado Creek

Upper SA River

Leon Creek

Medina River

San Antonio River Basin

LowerSA

Cibolo

Medina

UpperSA

USGS Stream Flow Gage

SA Basin River System

0 30 6015 Miles

«

Where to Download NEXRAD Data

Monthly-Hourly Rainfall Data

Data is compressedmulti-tarred files

http://dipper.nws.noaa.gov/hdsb/data/nexrad/wgrfc_stageiii.html

Data Collection and Analysis

Establish NEXRAD Stage III DatabaseDownload Rainfall Data from NOAA (Compressed and Multi-tarred Binary file) stage3_102004_WG.tar

Uncompress Multi-tarred Binary file by automated data conversion designed by Dr. Hongjie Xie

Uncompressed ASCII to GIS Grid – 1.3 Gb

Workflow of Data Conversion

Dr. Xie

Re-projection fromPolar-stereographic toTexas Centric NAD83 Albers

ASCII files to GIS Grid Files

0 50 10025 Miles

Created by: Jayar S. Griffith 11/24/2004 RS5053 ProjectSource: USGS, NOAA, TNRIS, Dr. Hongjie XieProjection: NAD 1983 Albers

Hourly Precipitation 10242004_16

r10242004_16z

Value

0 - 0.508125007

0.508125007 - 2.286562532

2.286562533 - 6.266875088

6.266875089 - 12.87250018

12.87250019 - 21.68000031

NEXRAD Projected in GIS

Re-Define Arcview Shapefiles to equal NEXRAD Projection.

GCS_NAD83 to Albers

Pixel Value of NEXRAD Data (4km)

Zonal Statistics

GIS Spatial AnalystGIS Spatial Analyst

•2 km Buffer was created for each Sub-Region

•Zonal Statistic for each Buffer vs Hourly Precip Data

Analysis of Rainfall Data and Stream Flow Data

Zonal Statistics with "Medina_L2_Buffer"

Medina Area = 3.49801 X10^9 sq meters

Hourly Precip. Hour sum, mm sum, m Area NEXRAD (volume cubic m)

r10242004_16z 16 0 0 3.49801E+09 0.00E+00

r10242004_17z 17 0 0 3.49801E+09 0.00E+00

r10242004_18z 18 1.75 0.00175 3.49801E+09 6.12E+06

r10242004_19z 19 37.12 0.03712 3.49801E+09 1.30E+08

r10242004_20z 20 618.54 0.61854 3.49801E+09 2.16E+09

r10242004_21z 21 1656.59 1.65659 3.49801E+09 5.79E+09

r10242004_22z 22 1350.61 1.35061 3.49801E+09 4.72E+09

r10242004_23z 23 834.82 0.83482 3.49801E+09 2.92E+09

r10252004_00z 0 439.24 0.43924 3.49801E+09 1.54E+09

r10252004_01z 1 570.25 0.57025 3.49801E+09 1.99E+09

r10252004_02z 2 333.6 0.3336 3.49801E+09 1.17E+09

r10252004_03z 3 67.33 0.06733 3.49801E+09 2.36E+08

r10252004_04z 4 0.18 0.00018 3.49801E+09 6.30E+05

NEXRAD Rainfall Data

(sum x area = cubic meters)Zonal Statistic

0 50 10025 Miles



r10242004_17z

Value

0 - 0.25

0.250000000 - 0.860000014

0.860000014 - 1.899999976

1.899999977 - 4.300000191

4.300000192 - 9.090000153

9.090000154 - 19.45000076

0 50 10025 Miles



r10242004_18z

Value

0 - 0.219999999

0.219999999 - 0.860000014

0.860000014 - 1.99000001

1.990000011 - 3.769999981

3.769999982 - 6.940000057

6.940000058 - 12.27999973

0 50 10025 Miles



r10242004_19z

Value

0 - 0.150000006

0.150000006 - 0.579999983

0.579999983 - 1.399999976

1.399999977 - 3.069999933

3.069999934 - 10.40999985

10.40999986 - 19.29999924

0 50 10025 Miles



r10242004_20z

Value

0 - 0.400000006

0.400000006 - 1.669999957

1.669999958 - 4.059999943

4.059999944 - 7.989999771

7.989999772 - 14.35000038

14.35000039 - 27.81999969

0 50 10025 Miles



r10242004_21z

Value

0 - 0.620000005

0.620000005 - 2.440000057

2.440000058 - 5.389999866

5.389999867 - 9.789999962

9.789999963 - 16.73999977

16.73999978 - 34.54000092

0 50 10025 Miles



r10242004_22z

Value

0 - 1.330000043

1.330000044 - 5

5.000000001 - 10.26000023

10.26000024 - 17.14999962

17.14999963 - 28.54000092

28.54000093 - 54.09000015

0 50 10025 Miles



r10242004_23z

Value

0 - 1.389999986

1.389999987 - 5.090000153

5.090000154 - 10.64999962

10.64999963 - 18.12000084

18.12000085 - 28.20999908

28.20999909 - 48.74000168

0 50 10025 Miles



r10252004_00z

Value

0 - 1.139999986

1.139999987 - 3.559999943

3.559999944 - 6.769999981

6.769999982 - 11.56999969

11.5699997 - 19.18000031

19.18000032 - 56.06999969

0 50 10025 Miles



r10252004_01z

Value

0 - 1.309999943

1.309999944 - 3.99000001

3.990000011 - 6.880000114

6.880000115 - 10.63000011

10.63000012 - 16.73999977

16.73999978 - 35.56999969

0 50 10025 Miles



r10252004_02z

Value

0 - 1.340000033

1.340000034 - 4.429999828

4.429999829 - 8.430000305

8.430000306 - 13.67000008

13.67000009 - 22.85000038

22.85000039 - 51.95000076

0 50 10025 Miles



r10252004_03z

Value

0 - 1.070000052

1.070000053 - 3.539999962

3.539999963 - 6.789999962

6.789999963 - 11.35999966

11.35999967 - 18.94000053

18.94000054 - 49.52999878

0 50 10025 Miles



r10252004_04z

Value

0 - 0.680000007

0.680000007 - 2.210000038

2.210000039 - 4.079999924

4.079999925 - 7.170000076

7.170000077 - 11.88000011

11.88000012 - 21.63999939

NEXRAD vs Stream Flow (Medina Watershed)

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

0.00E+00 1.00E+09 2.00E+09 3.00E+09 4.00E+09 5.00E+09 6.00E+09 7.00E+09

NEXRAD (cubic meters)

Stre

am F

low

(cub

ic m

eter

s)

Series1

Analysis of Rainfall Data and Stream Flow Data

NEXRAD (volume cubic m)

Discharge, cubic m

0.00E+00 269.29

0.00E+00 314.60

6.12E+06 315.73

1.30E+08 293.36

2.16E+09 293.36

5.79E+09 287.42

4.72E+09 266.46

2.92E+09 253.44

1.54E+09 258.82

1.99E+09 255.13

1.17E+09 250.32

2.36E+08 243.81

6.30E+05 243.81

Increase in Precipitation = Increase in Stream Flow

? Problem with Stream Flow Data, NEXRAD Data, or Projection ?

Need further analysis. Repeat Methods for month of November

Stream Flow vs NEXRAD (102304_22 - 102504_4)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0.00E+00 5.00E+08 1.00E+09 1.50E+09 2.00E+09 2.50E+09 3.00E+09 3.50E+09

NEXRAD (cubic meters)

Stre

am F

low

(cub

ic m

eter

s)

discharge,cubic m

1) Preliminary Statistics

NEXRAD vs Stream Flow

0

20000000

40000000

60000000

80000000

100000000

120000000

140000000

160000000

180000000

0.00E+00 1.00E+09 2.00E+09 3.00E+09 4.00E+09 5.00E+09 6.00E+09 7.00E+09

NEXRAD (cubic m)

Stre

am F

low

(cub

ic m

)

discharge, m

Linear (discharge, m)

Revised NEXRAD vs Stream FlowCentral Time Zone to UTC

Zonal Statistic vs. Adjusted USGS Hourly Discharge

2) Adjusted Statistics

NEXRAD (volume cubic m) discharge, m

0.00E+00 0

0.00E+00 0

6.12E+06 173341.7867

1.30E+08 3676826.928

2.16E+09 61267902.16

5.79E+09 164089297.4

4.72E+09 133781228.9

2.92E+09 82690965.95

1.54E+09 43507797.95

1.99E+09 56484659.37

1.17E+09 33043897.18

2.36E+08 6669201.429

6.30E+05 17829.44092

ResultsResults

Preliminary ResultsPreliminary Results► Ground-truthing is needed to validate NEXRAD dataGround-truthing is needed to validate NEXRAD data► NEXRAD can be used when stream flow gages and rain gages are not availableNEXRAD can be used when stream flow gages and rain gages are not available► Hourly Rain Gage Data is not free or available through NOAA websiteHourly Rain Gage Data is not free or available through NOAA website► Hourly Stream Flow Data must be downloaded monthlyHourly Stream Flow Data must be downloaded monthly► NEXRAD Rainfall Data are large files (> 1 Gb)NEXRAD Rainfall Data are large files (> 1 Gb)► Stream Flow data does not correlate with NEXRAD dataStream Flow data does not correlate with NEXRAD data► Method must be repeated for month of NovemberMethod must be repeated for month of November► Problem with Projection in GISProblem with Projection in GIS Albers to Polar-stereographic Albers to Polar-stereographic► Develop a Geodatabase on a local server Develop a Geodatabase on a local server

Final ResultsFinal Results

► Linear Relationship of NEXRAD Stage III data vs Stream Flow dataLinear Relationship of NEXRAD Stage III data vs Stream Flow data► USGS Stream Gage hours adjusted to Universal Time ZoneUSGS Stream Gage hours adjusted to Universal Time Zone► Relationship shows that Increase Precipitation = Increase in Stream FlowRelationship shows that Increase Precipitation = Increase in Stream Flow

Satellite Remote SensingSatellite Remote Sensing

715 AM CDT Fri Jul 5, 2002

http://www.srh.noaa.gov/ewx/html/wxevent/2002/jul2002/julfld2002.htm

Water Vapor Satellite Photos

Cib

olo

Cre

ek a

t S

elm

aG

uada

lupe

Riv

er a

t N

ew B

raun

fels

GOES Remote Sensor

http://www.goes.noaa.gov

Reference

ESRI ArcGIS 9

Xie, H., Xiaobing, Z., Vivoni, E.R., Hendrickx, J.M.H, Small, E.E, 2004. GIS-based NEXRAD Stage III precipitation database: automated approaches for data processing and visualization.

Xie, H., Xiaobing, Z., Vivoni, E.R., Hendrickx, J.M.H, Guan, H., Tian, Y.Q., Small, E.E. Comparison of NEXRAD Stage III and Gauge Precipitation Estimates in Central New Mexico

San Antonio River Authority. Regional Watershed Modeling System Master Plan. Section 5

NOAA Website Available athttp://www.srh.noaa.gov/forecasts/TXZ205.php?warncounty=TXC029&city=San+Antonio

USGS Water Resource Website Available athttp://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/rt

Weather Undergroundhttp://www.wunderground.com/radar/help.asp#base_reflectivity

Habib, E. and W.F. Krajewski, 2002. Uncertainty Analysis of the TRMM Ground-Validation Radar-Rainfall Products: Application to the TEFLUN-B Field Campaign. Journal of Applied Meteorology 41:558-572.

Grassotti, C., R.N. Hoffman, E.R. Vivoni, and D. Entekhabi, 2003. Multiple Timescale Intercomparison of Two Radar Products and Rain Gauge Observations over the Arkansas-Red River Basin. Weather and Forecasting 18(6):1207-1229

Comparative Precipitation Analysis and Validation of NEXRAD (Stage III) Data, Stream Flow Data, and...

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