COMPARATIVE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEMS

UNITED STATES AND THE PHILIPPINESA First-Person Perspective

Dr. Luís María R. CalingoPresident, Holy Angel University, Philippines

Past President, Woodbury University, USALCalingo@hau.edu.ph

June 26, 2015

SPECIAL GUEST LECTUREBureau of International Cooperation

Strategy, OHEC

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Overview of My Background as an Educator Key Similarities Between USA and the Philippines

Public vis-à-vis Private Higher Education Importance of Liberal Education

Key Differences Between USA and the Philippines Regulatory Environment Quality Assurance Framework

How Philippine Education is Preparing for ASEAN 2015

Outline

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First 25 Years in the PhilippinesGrade school education in a private, not-for-

profit Catholic schoolSecondary education at the laboratory high

school of the University of the Philippines (UP) System

Bachelor’s degree in industrial engineering and operations research at UP Diliman

Master’s degree in urban and regional planning at UP Diliman

Worked in rural development for the Philippine Government for four years

Educating the Resource Person/1

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Next 35 Years in the United States MBA and PhD in strategic management from the

University of Pittsburgh Twenty-three years experience in a state university and

nine years in private, not-for-profit higher education Visiting appointments at Nanyang Technological

University (founding business faculty) and Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, USA

Entered academic administration after obtaining tenure and promotion

Administrative positions held include graduate program director, college dean, university provost, and university president

Twenty-second Asian American university president and second Filipino American university president

Educating the Resource Person/2

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Public vis-à-vis Private Higher Education

Importance of Liberal Education

USA and the Philippines: Key Similarities

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The Top Ten Universities in the USA and the Philippines

Public vis-à-vis Private Higher Education

RANK USA* PHILIPPINES**

1 Princeton University University of the Philippines, Diliman

2 Harvard University De La Salle University, Taft; University of Santo Tomas

3 Yale University Ateneo de Manila University

4 Columbia University, Stanford University, University of Chicago

University of the Philippines, Los Baños

5 Massachusetts Institute of Technology

University of San Carlos

6 Duke University, University of Pennsylvania

Central Luzon State University

7 California Institute of Technology

Mindanao State University—Iligan Institute of Technology

8 Dartmouth College Saint Louis University

9 Johns Hopkins University Central Mindanao University; Mapua Institute of Technology; Silliman University

10 Northwestern University Holy Angel University; Xavier University

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Classic: The Idea of a University by John Henry Cardinal Newman (1852)

Produce not only competent professionals but also ethical and personally responsible citizens of a democratic society.

General Education (GE) comprises at least three semesters of a four-year undergraduate degree.

Importance of Liberal Education/1

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Essential Learning Outcomes of Liberal EducationKnowledge of human cultures and the

physical and natural worldIntellectual and practical skillsPersonal and social responsibilityIntegrative and applied learninghttps://www.aacu.org/sites/default/files/files/LEAP/EssentialOutcomes_Chart.pdf

Importance of Liberal Education/2

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Regulatory Environment

Quality Assurance Framework

USA and the Philippines: Key Differences

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Federal GovernmentU.S. Department of Education – smallest of all

Cabinet departmentsImportant DoED Offices

Office of Postsecondary Education (OPE)Office of Federal Student AidNational Center for Education Statistics (NCES)Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)

Regulatory Environment in the USA/1

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State Governments (Example: California)California Bureau for Private Postsecondary

Education (BPPE) – not an accrediting agency, but prevents fraudulent diploma mills

California Postsecondary Education Commission (CPEC) – implements the California Master Plan for Higher Education

California Master Plan for Higher EducationUniversity of CaliforniaCalifornia State UniversityCalifornia Community Colleges

Regulatory Environment in the USA/2

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Accreditation Based on Peer ReviewInstitutional-Level Accreditation –

performed by nine regional accrediting organizations (NGOs), such as the Western Association of Schools and Colleges

Program-Level Accreditation – performed by specialized program accrediting organizations (NGOs), such as the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB International)

Quality Assurance Framework in the USA/1

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Some Rules and Regulations re AccreditationInstitution or program generally required to

have at least five years of graduatesAccreditation period typically 5-10 years;

requires a self-study report and a site visit by a peer review team

Peer Review Team are volunteers.Who accredits the accrediting organizations?

U.S. Department of Education – required to be eligible for participation in federal student aid and other federal programs

Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA)

Quality Assurance Framework in the USA/2

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Baldrige Performance Excellence ProgramPresident’s highest award for quality,

continuous improvement, and organizational excellence created in 1987 and extended to education in 1998

Baldrige Award recipients in higher educationUniversity of Wisconsin, Stout (2001)University of Northern Colorado, K. C. Montfort

College of Business (2004) Richland College (2006)

Quality Assurance Framework in the USA/3

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Cabinet-Level Departments in the National GovernmentDepartment of Education (DEPED) – basic

educationTechnical Education and Skills Development

Authority (TESDA) – technical and vocational education

Commission on Higher Education (CHED) – degree-granting colleges and universities

Regulatory Environment in the Philippines/1

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CHED Regulatory MechanismsInstitutional Accreditation – Levels 1-4CHED Memorandum Orders (CMOs)

Policies, Standards, and Guidelines for Each Degree Program

Centers of Development (COD) and Centers of Excellence (COE)

Institutional Sustainability Assessment (ISA)

Regulatory Environment in the Philippines/2

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Two Types of External Quality Assurance Agencies (NGOs) for Voluntary Peer-Review-Based AccreditationFederation of Accrediting Agencies of the

Philippines (FAAP) for private higher education institutions (HEIs)

National Network of Quality Accrediting Agencies (NNQAA) for public HEIs

Quality Assurance Framework in the Philippines/1

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FAAP Accrediting Agencies ACSCU-AAI – Association of Christian Schools, Colleges

and Universities Accrediting Agency, Inc. PAASCU – Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools,

Colleges and Universities PACUCOA – Philippine Association of Colleges and

Universities Commission on Accreditation NNQAA Accrediting Agencies

AACCUP – Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines

ALCUCOA – Association of Local Colleges and Universities Commission on Accreditation

Quality Assurance Framework in the Philippines/2

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President Aquino’s Ten-Point Education Agenda includes: Kindergarten Education Act (RA 10157) – mandatory

kindergarten Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 (RA 10533) – from

K-10 (6-4) to K-12 (6-4-2) Philippines Qualifications Framework (EO 83)

Recent Initiatives of CHED and the National Productivity Organization Executive leadership academy to prepare future

presidents of public HEIs Introduction of Baldrige Education Performance

Excellence Framework to public HEIs

Philippine Preparations for ASEAN 2015

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Questions?

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