Comparative Constitutional Law Course Outline Prof Ben...

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Comparative Constitutional Law Course Outline

Master of Laws (LLM) 2019/2020

University of Nairobi Law School

10.3. Revised 21.3. Mon; 26.4. Tue; 27; Wed. & 7, 8, 10/5/ 2011; 28/2/12; 27/2/2013; 15/1/2014;

31/1/2014; 8/2/2016; 10/1/2017; 17/1/2017; 18/1/2017; 12/2/2018; 30/1/2019; 6/2/19; 19/2/2020

Prof Ben Sihanya, JSD (Stanford)

Scholar, Mentor & Public Interest Advocate, ©, Intellectual Property & Constitutional

Democracy

Author: Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa, Vol. 1: Elections, Governance, Human

Rights, the Just Rule of Law, and Due Process in Kenya and Africa (due 2020); Constitutional

Democracy in Kenya and Africa Vol. 2: Presidency, Bureaucracy and Administrative Justice in

Kenya (due 2020); IP and Innovation Law in Kenya and Africa: Transferring Technology for

Sustainable Development vol 1 & 2 (2016; due 2020)

[email protected]; [email protected]

url: www.innovativelawyering.com ; blogspot:[email protected]/blogs

Course Objectives

This Comparative Constitutional Law course is intended to impart skills, knowledge, attitudes,

values and innovation (SKAVI) regarding the content, design, structure, construction,

amendment, review and implementation of the Constitution of Kenya in comparative context. It

engages and interrogates the work constitutions do in different political and socio-economic

settings, as well as historical periods. This course provides conceptual, theoretical,

methodological and practical grounding in comparative constitutional law by comparing

significant constitutional and juridical traditions, especially the UK, US, China, Uganda, Nigeria,

South Africa and Kenya. Kenya’s constitutional experience is the main point of reference. These

are supported by the relevant Think Piece, Issues Paper, or Working Paper on the key parameters

of comparison with respect to the countries in the foregoing list. There are also references to

Germany, France, DRC and other relevant constitutional systems.

Course Content

The course seeks to answer theoretical and practical or empirical questions such as what is

compared or what are the fundamental comparators? Why are they compared? How do

comparativists or comparatists compare? The answers are sought through diverse topics in this

course, such as the question of socio-economic resources and political power; conceptualizing

constitutional democracy; theorizing the Constitution;; Power v. the Bill of Rights; values,

principles and policies; the presidency, including becoming and ceasing to be President, powers,

rights, privileges and obligations; the DP, the Premier and the Governor; administrative

bureaucracy, process and administrative justice; constitutional commissions and independent

offices, the Judicature and Parliament. This course also seeks to answer the foregoing questions

by studying the political parties in constitutional government; juridification of social life and

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mailto:[email protected]

http://www.innovativelawyering.com/

http://blogspot:[email protected]/blogs

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politics; socialization and politicization of the judiciary and judicial or juridical process; the

enforcement and justiciability of socio-economic and cultural rights; resource distribution under

the Constitution as well as constitutional interpretation, constitution-making, constitutional

amendment and review, and implementation.

Learning Outcomes

Course participants should acquire at least six competencies:

First, demonstrate familiarity with the concepts, theories, methodology of comparative

constitutional law.

Second, appreciate the uses of comparative constitutional law generally and in national

constitutional and socio-economic development in Kenya and Africa.

Third, discuss the principal similarities and differences among leading constitutional methods,

systems, and traditions with a focus on Kenya and Africa in comparative context.

Fourth, appreciate developments in the Kenyan, African and compared constitutional systems

and traditions and in comparative constitutional law generally.

Fifth, evaluate the relevance of comparative constitutional experience to Kenyan and African

circumstances.

Sixth, appreciate and demonstrate the possibilities and limits and hence reforms of constitutional

law as an instrument for social change and social engineering or development in Kenya and

Africa.

Teaching Methodology

The course will combine lecture and seminar methods. The syllabus of issues which summarises

the content and method will be discussed in the first classes. A brief introductory lecture in the

form of “intellectual sign posts” will be made at the beginning of the class or topic. The lecturer

will lead a minimum of two and maximum of three class. This will be followed by seminar

presentations by students assigned for every topic or class. The Class Representative will co-

ordinate the sharing of the topics, in consultation with the Lecturer. Class discussion will follow.

All students are required to read the materials in advance and participate actively in class

discussion.

The students’ class presentations will be reviewed to capture comments and submitted for

assessment as coursework. In 2019, every student will be required to participate in two group

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work essays each earning 20 marks. The Class Rep will submit the signed list of group members

for the two essays by the 4th week.

Course Materials

The course draws materials from a variety of sources. All students are required to have the

materials. The “essential readings” must be read before the relevant class. Students are

encouraged to read the materials in the “secondary readings” list. (That list is important for

future research and practice). The materials for this course on Comparative Constitutional Law

are not available in a single text. The indicative list of what may be regarded as essential, key or

reference materials in the field is given below.

Course work and exams

See revised Syllabus of Issues, Schedule of Classes and Instructions on Coursework and Exams

(revised after February 19, 2020)

The assessment of this course will be as follows:

(a) 40% earned from two written analytical essays based on oral presentations on assigned

readings. The focus is on the relevant class or theme.

This requires an appreciation of all the readings. Engage the literature, legal instruments,

and policy as well as operational instruments or documents in terms of the issues, the

evidence and the argumentation. The group report is then integrated and compiled from

individual presentations. It must be your original work – not plagiarized from any other

person or source or from the Internet. Clear argumentation; proper citation; maximum 8

000 words; one-and-a-half spacing; full and accurate citation; footnotes and bibliography;

submit personally to the secretaries, Commercial Law Department and sign for it.

See Sihanya Mentoring Guidelines on LLM Coursework Essays and Research Project Papers.

Coursework will be assessed as follows:

1. Every member of the class must belong to a group.

2. The members of every group must address the issues raised in the course outline and

engage the materials provided as essential. The students should also read the secondary

materials.

3. During the day of group presentation, every group must make a power point presentation.

This presentation must be sent via email to the Course Instructor at least 3 days before the

material date. The presenters have the duty to avail the LCD projector and/or operate the

power point presentation technology.

4. Within 2 weeks of the presentation, every individual student must ensure that MS-Word

group report is submitted through the secretary, Commercial Law Department.

5. Every individual group member should personally sign the group report and confirm its

submission.

6. Marks will be assigned for the group presentation and group report, totaling 20 marks for

each of the two group reports.

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(b) 60% earned from a written sit-in 3 hour examination administered at the end of the first

semester.

Think Piece, Issues, Paper and Working Paper to follow, including by way of blog.

Get own copy of the key books and articles; study them sequentially, logically and

systematically.

NB: Any student who does not have course work or exam marks for any reason should fill

in the query form in the Department of Commercial Law and write a letter explaining why

she or he does not have course work or exam marks. Attach relevant evidence. Submit to

the Secretary, Department of Commercial Law and not the Lecturer’s office. Any student

who has satisfactorily explained the missing marks shall then pick their feedback from the

Department of Commercial Law. Follow up through email where necessary.

Essential Books and monographs

1. Ben Sihanya (forthcoming 2020) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa Vol. 1:

Tribalism, Elections, Governance, Human Rights, the Just Rule of Law, and Due Process

in Kenya and Africa, Innovative Lawyering & Sihanya Mentoring, Nairobi and Siaya.

[CODRALKA 1)


Presidency, Premier, Legislature, Judicature, Devolution, Commissions, Bureaucracy

and Administrative Justice in Kenya and Africa, Innovative Lawyering & Sihanya

Mentoring, Nairobi and Siaya. [CODRALKA 2]

3. Benjamin Obi Nwabueze (1974) Presidentialism in Commonwealth Africa, St. Martin’s

Press, New York.

4. Benjamin Obi Nwabueze (1973) Constitutionalism in the Emergent States, C. Hurst &

Co., London.

5. Benjamin Obi Nwabueze (2003) Constitutional Democracy in Africa Vol. 1: Structures,

Powers and Organising Principles of Government, Spectrum Books, Ibadan, Nigeria.

6. Vicki C. Jackson & Mark Tushnet (2006) Comparative Constitutional Law, Foundation

Press, New York (2nd ed.).

7. Bethwell A. Ogot (2012), Kenyans, Who are We? Reflections on the Meaning of National

Identity and Nationalism, Anyange Press Ltd, Kisumu, Kenya.

8. Bethwell Allan Ogot (ed) (1996) Ethnicity, Nationalism, and Democracy in Africa.

Institute of Research and Postgraduate Studies, Maseno University College, Kenya.

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9. Ben Nwabueze (2003) Constitutional Democracy in Africa Vol. 2: Constitutionalism,

Authoritarianism and Statism, Spectrum Books, Ibadan, Nigeria.

10. Yash Pal Ghai and Jill Cottrell Ghai (2011) Kenya’s Constitution: An Instrument for

Change, Katiba-Institute, Nairobi, at 91-107.

11. Yash Pal Ghai & Jill Cotrell Ghai (2013) Ethnicity, Nationhood and Pluralism: Kenyan

Perspectives, Global Centre for Pluralism, Katiba Institute, Ottawa, Nairobi.

12. N. C. Steytler and Yash P Ghai (2015 Kenyan-South African Dialogue on Devolution,

Claremont, South Africa.

13. Ben Nwabueze (1977) Judicialism in Commonwealth Africa: The Role of Courts in

Government C. Hurst & Co., London & Nwamife Publishers, Enugu & Lagos.

14. Lawrence Lessig (2012) Republic, Lost: How Money Corrupts Congress — and a Plan to

Stop it, Twelve Books, UK.

15. Vicky Jackson & Mark Tushnet (2006) Comparative Constitutional Law Foundation

Press, New York (2nd ed).

Secondary Books, Monographs, Book Chapters and Journal Articles

1. Ben Sihanya (2019) “Securing judicial independence and accountability in Kenya,” Vol

10, Issue No 11, Nairobi Law Monthly, 38-43

2. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Amending the Constitution of Kenya 2010 Post 2017: Interests,

Process and Outcomes,” A forthcoming book chapter on Constitutional Implementation

edited by Prof Yash Pal Ghai, Katiba Institute, Nairobi.

3. Ben Sihanya (2017) “Electoral Justice in Kenya under the 2010 Constitution:

implementation, enforcement, reversals and reforms,” Vol 13 Issue 1, Law Society of

Kenya Journal, 1-30.


Opposition, NGOs, Academics, Clerics, and the Media in Governance, Innovative

Lawyering & Sihanya Mentoring, Nairobi and Siaya [CODRALKA 3]

5. Ben Sihanya (forthcoming 2020) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa Vol 4:

Constitutional Democracy Cases and Materials, Innovative Lawyering & Sihanya

Mentoring, Nairobi and Siaya. [CODRALKA 4]

6. Yash P. Ghai & J.P.W.B. McAuslan (1970) Public Law and Political Change in Kenya,

OUP, Nairobi.

7. Larry Diamond (2008) The Spirit of Democracy: The struggle to build free societies

throughout the world, Henry Holt and Company ltd, New York.

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8. Ben Sihanya (2013) “Constitutionalism and the rule of law in Kenya’s electoral process,”

Handbook on Elections Disputes in Kenya under the auspices of the Judiciary Working

Committee on Elections Preparation (JWCEP) and the Law Society of Kenya.

9. Jackton B. Ojwang (1990) Constitutional Development in Kenya: Institutional Adaptation

and Social Change, African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS), Nairobi.

10. Ben Sihanya (2013) “Constitutional implementation in Kenya, 2010-2015: challenges and

prospects,” A study under the auspices of the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES), Occasional

Paper No. 5, Nairobi, January 2013, ISBN: 9966-957-20-0, Chapter 4 in Ben Sihanya

(forthcoming 2020) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa Vol. 1:

[CODRALKA I above].

11. Ben Sihanya & Duncan Okello (2010) “Mediating Kenya’s Post-Election Crises: The

Politics and Limits of Power Sharing Agreement,” in Dr Karuti Kanyinga and Duncan

Okello (eds) Tensions and Reversals in Democratic Transitions: The Kenya 2007

General Elections, Institute of Development Studies (IDS), University of Nairobi, and the

Society for International Development (SID) Eastern & Central Africa, Nairobi, Chapter

2 in Ben Sihanya (forthcoming 2020) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa Vol.

1:[ CODRALKA 1 above].

12. Ben Sihanya (2011) “The Presidency and Public Authority in Kenya’s New

Constitutional Order,” Constitution Working Paper series No. 2 Society for International

Development (SID) Eastern & Central Africa, Nairobi Printed by The Regal Press Ltd,

Nairobi, at http://www.sidint.net/docs/WP2.pdf, Chapter 3 in Ben Sihanya (forthcoming

2020) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa Vol. 1: [CODRALKA 1 above]

13. Karuti Kanyinga & Duncan Okello (eds) (2010) Tensions and Reversals in Democratic

Transitions: The Kenya 2007 General Elections, Society for International

Development(SID) & Institute for Development Studies (IDS), University of Nairobi,

Nairobi, Kenya.

14. H.W.O. Okoth-Ogendo (1999) “The quest for constitutional government,” in Goran

Hyden, Dele Olowu & H.W.O. Okoth-Ogendo (1999) African Perspectives on

Governance, Africa World Press, Trenton, 33-60.

15. Lawrence Lessig & Cass R. Sunstein (1994) “The President and the Administration,” 94

Columbia Law Review pp. 1-123.

16. Donald E. Childress (2003) “Using Comparative Constitutional Law to Resolve Domestic

Federal Questions” 53 Duke Law Journal 1 193-221.

17. Jose Antonio Cheibub, Zachary Elkins, and Tom Ginsburg (2014) “Beyond

Presidentialism and Parliamentarism” vol 44 No 3 British Journal of Political Science,

515-544.

http://www.sidint.net/docs/WP2.pdf

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18. Axel Tschentscher (2011) “Comparing Constitutions and International Constitutional

Law: A Primer,” at SSRN 1502125.

19. Ralph Cavanagh, and Austin Sarat (1980) “Thinking about courts: Toward and beyond a

jurisprudence of judicial competence,” Law and Society Review 371-420.

20. Marc Galanter (1974) “Why the ‘haves’ come out ahead: Speculations on the limits of

legal change,” Vol 9 No 1, Law & society review, 95-160.

21. Sandra Fullerton Joireman (2006) “The Evolution of the Common Law: Legal

Development in Kenya and India” Vol 44 No 2 Commonwealth & Comparative Politics,

190-210.

22. David M. Trubek (1972) “Max Weber on law and the rise of capitalism,” Vol 3,

Wisconsin Law Review 720-753

23. Issa Shivji (1995) “The rule of law and ujamaa in the ideological formation of Tanzania,”

Vol 4, SAGE Journal, 147-174.

24. Ghai, Yash (1986) “The rule of law, legitimacy and governance,” Vol 14 International

Journal of the Sociology of Law.

25. Issa Shivji (2006) “Lawyers in neoliberalism: Authority’s professional supplicants or

society’s amateurish consiceince...” valediction on the occasion of retirement from the

University of Dar es Salaam, 15/7/2006

26. Marc Galanter (1981) “Justice in many rooms: Courts, private ordering, and indigenous

law” 13 The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 19, 1-47.

27. Ambreena S. Manji (1999) “Imagining women’s legal world': Towards a feminist theory

of legal pluralism in Africa” vol 8 No 4 Social & Legal Studies, 435-455.

28. Berichte und Urkunden (1956/57) “The application of international law in the English

courts,” in “The Application - Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht” Max-

Planck-Institute, 568-612, at

http://www.zaoerv.de/17_1956_57/17_1956_3_4_b_568_612.pdf (accessed on

18/1/2017).

29. H. Kwasi Prempeh (2007) “Africa’s “constitutional revival”: False start or new dawn?”

vol 5 No 3 International Journal of Constitutional Law, 469-506.

30. Richard Albert (2014) “Constitutional disuse or desuetude: The case of Article V” Boston

University Law Review 1029-1031.

31. Donald S. Lutz (1994) “Towards a theory of constitutional amendment” vol 88 The

American Political Science Review 355-370.

32. Rosalind Dixon and Tom Ginsburg (2011) “Deciding not to decide: Deferral in

constitutional design” vol 9 (3-4) Int. J. Constitutional Law 636-672.

http://www.zaoerv.de/17_1956_57/17_1956_3_4_b_568_612.pdf

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33. Ulrich K. Preuss (2011) “The implications of eternity clauses: The German experience”

Israel Law Journal 429-430.

34. Frank I. Michelman (2014) “Why not just say no? An essay on the obduracy of

Constitution fixation” Boston University Law Review 1141.

35. Gabriel L. Negretto (2008) “The durability of constitutions in changing environments:

Explaining constitutional replacements in Latin America,” Working Paper No. 350, at

https://kellogg.nd.edu/publications/workingpapers/WPS/350.pdf (accessed on 18/1/2017.

36. Muno Ndulo (2001) “Constitution making process in Africa: Assessing both the process

and content” 57 Cornell Law Faculty Publications Paper, 15.

37. Stephen M. Griffin (2015) “Understanding informal constitutional change” 1 Journal of

Institutional Studies 1 (Revista Estudos Institucionais, Brazil).

38. Adrian Vermeule (2013) “Conventions of agency independence” 113 Columbia Law

Review 1163.

39. Akhil Reed Amar (2012) America’s Unwritten Constitution: The Precedents and

Principles We Live By, Basic Books, New York, USA.

40. Arthur Schlesinger Jr (1973) The Imperial Presidency, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,

Massachusetts, United States.

41. Barry Friedman & Scot B. Smith (1998) “The sedimentary Constitution” 147 University

of Pennsylvania Law Review 1.

42. David A. Strauss (2010) The Living Constitution, Oxford University Press, UK.

43. Brannon P. Denning & John R. Vile (2002) “The relevance of constitutional

amendments: A response to David Strauss” 77 Tulane Law Review 247.

44. Bruce Ackerman (2010) The decline and fall of the American Republic, Vol. 12. Harvard

University Press.

45. Bruce Ackerman (1991) We the People: Foundations, Vol. 2 Harvard University Press.

46. Bruce Ackerman (2014) We the People: Civil Rights Revolution, Vol. 3 Harvard

University Press.

47. Bruce Ackerman (1998) We the People: Transformations, Vol. 2 Harvard University

Press, Massachusetts, United States.

48. Curtis A. Bradley & Neil Siegel (2015) “Constructed constraint and the constitutional

text” 64 Duke Law Journal 1213.

49. Daryl J. Levinson (2011) “Parchment and politics: the positive puzzle of constitutional

commitment,” Harvard Law Review 657-746.

Reference materials

50. Ben Sihanya (2017) “Constitutional responsibilities of public officers in (un)making

public policy, rules and regulations,” Vol. 9, Issue 9, Nairobi Law Monthly, at

http://nairobilawmonthly.com/index.php/2017/10/12/constitutional-responsibilities-of-

public-officers-in-unmaking-public-policy-rules-and-regulations-in-kenya/ (accessed

23/1/2018).

51. Charles Hornsby (2012) Kenya: A History Since Independence I. B. Tauris Publishers,

London (Revised 2015?)

52. Peter Mwangi Kagwanja (2012) Kiraitu Murungi: An Odyssey in Kenyan Politics, East

African Educational Publishers, Nairobi.

https://kellogg.nd.edu/publications/workingpapers/WPS/350.pdf

http://nairobilawmonthly.com/index.php/2017/10/12/constitutional-responsibilities-of-public-officers-in-unmaking-public-policy-rules-and-regulations-in-kenya/


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53. Macharia Munene (2012) Historical Reflections on Kenya: Intellectual Adventurism,

Politics & International Relations, University of Nairobi Press, Nairobi.

54. Shem Ochuodho (2012)) The Dawn of a Rainbow: The Untold Intrigues of Kenya’s First

Coalition Government, Adage Publishing & Information Services, Nairobi, Kenya.

55. Daniel Branch (2011) Between Hope and Despair 1963-2011 Yale University Press, New

Haven, Connecticut.

56. Raila Odinga (2013) The Flame of Freedom, Mountain Top Publishers Ltd, Nairobi,

Kenya.

57. Ben Sihanya (2013) “Public participation and public interest lawyering under the Kenyan

Constitution: theory, process and reforms,”Vol 9 (1) (2013) Law Society of Kenya

Journal 1 – 32

58. Goran Hyden, Dele Olowu & H.W.O. Okoth-Ogendo (eds) (2000) African Perspectives

on Governance, Africa World Press, Inc., Trenton, NJ & Asmara, Eritrea.

59. Walter O. Oyugi, E.S. Atieno Odhiambo, Michael Chege & Afrifa K. Kitonga (eds)

(1988) Democratic Theory and Practice in Africa, Portsmouth, NH, USA & Heinemann,

London.

60. Laurence Tribe (1988) American Constitutional Law, Foundation Press, Mineola, New

York (2nd ed).

61. David H. Rosenbloom, Robert S. Kravchuk, & Richard M. Clerkin(2009) Public

Administration: Understanding Management, Politics, and Law in the Public Sector,

McGraw-Hill, New York.

62. Muna Ndulo (ed) (2006) Democratic Reform in Africa: Its Impact on Governance &

Poverty Alleviation James Currey, Oxford.

63. Willy Mutunga (1999) Constitution Making from the Middle: Civil Society and Transition

Politics in Kenya, 1992-1997, Mwengo, Harare.

64. Paul Craig (2012) Administrative Law, Sweet & Maxwell, London (7th ed.).

65. Peter Kaluma (2009) Judicial Review: Law, Procedure and Practice, Law Africa,

Nairobi.

66. B. A. Ogot & W.R. Ochieng (eds) (1995, 1996) Decolonisation and Independence in

Kenya, 1940-93, James Currey, London, EAEP, Nairobi, & Ohio UP, Athens.

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67. Walter O. Oyugi (ed) (1994) Politics and Administration in East Africa, East African

Educational Publishers, Nairobi.

68. Kathleen Sullivan & Gerry Gunther (2010) Constitutional Law Foundation Press, New

York (17th ed.) (University Casebook).

69. Njuguna Ng’ethe & Wasunna Owino (eds) (1999) From Sessional Paper No. 10 to

Structural Adjustment: Towards Indigenising the Policy Debate Institute of Policy

Analysis and Research (IPAR), Nairobi.

70. Salim P. Ndemo (2007) Epitome of State Power: The Provincial Administration in

Kenya, Regional Institute for Cooperatives Development Management (, Nairobi,

presumably).

71. Christopher Gitari Ndung’u (ed) (n.d.; 2008?) Election Petition Case Digest ICJ-Kenya,

Nairobi.

72. Nicholas Henry (2010) Public Administration and Public Affairs PHI Learning Private

Ltd, New Delhi.

73. R. K. Sapru (2010) Public Authority: Art and Craft of Policy Analysis, PHL Learning

Private Ltd, New Delhi.

74. Michael Howlett & M. Ramesh (2003) Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy

Subsystems, OUP, Oxford (2nd ed).

Consult other relevant Constitutional commentaries; Administrative bureaucracy and

administrative justice; policy making, the policy process and policy instruments; (auto)

biographies of Presidents, Deputy Presidents, Vice Presidents, Premiers, Chief Justices...

Constitutions and Constitutional Instruments

1. Constitution of Kenya 2010

2. Constitution of Kenya (Amendment) Act 2008 (incorporating National Accord and

Reconciliation Act (2008) (NARA))

3. Constitution of Kenya (Amendment) Act 2008 (on constitutional review)

4. Constitution of Kenya, 1963 (Independence Constitution)

5. Constitution of Kenya, Act No. 5 of 1969

6. Constitution of the USA 1787 as amended;1 Declaration of Independence 1776

7. Constitutional Instruments of the United Kingdom

a. Act of Settlement 1701 (UK)

b. Act of Union 1707

c. Bill of Rights 1698 (UK)

d. Magna Carta 1215 (The Great Charter) (UK)

e. Petition of Right 1628

1 Ratified 21/6/1788; First legislature 4/3/1789; first court 2/2/1790

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f. Human Rights Act 1998

g. Instruments devolving power to Scotland and Wales (1998)

h. Brexit constitutional “deal” or package 2016-2019

8. German Basic Law (23/5/49 grundgestctz) (as amended) 3/10/19902 (as amended up to

20/12/1993)

9. Constitution of China 1982 (updated 22/3/2004), amended 11/3/2018

10. Constitution of South Africa 1996, 2016 (cf. Interim Constitution 1994) (amended 17

times)

11. Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999,3 2011, 2017 (4th alteration)

12. Uganda Constitution 1995, 2005, 27/12/2017 (as amended)

13. Constitution of Egypt, 1923 (amended 2012)

14. Constitution of Ivory Coast, 2000, 8/11/2016

15. Grand Coalition Instruments (UK, Germany, Kenya)

16. Constitution of Kenya Proposed and Draft Bills: BOMAS; Referendum Bill 2005; Post

2010 proposals and Bills, eg Okoa Kenya Draft Bill...

17. Four Constitutions for Kenya, 1954-1962; Lyttelton, Lennox Boyd, Macleod....

Political Party Constitutions and Legal Instruments

Botswana – Constitution of Botswana 1966 (as amended up to 2006).

China – Constitution of Chinese Communist Party; manifesto of the Chinese Communist Party.

Egypt – National Democratic Party (NDP)

Germany – Social Democratic Party of Germany (SDP), Christian Democratic Union (CDC)

Ghana- Convention Peoples Party (CPP), New Patriotic Party (NPP), Democratic Peoples Party

(DPP), National Democratic Congress (NDC), Ghana National Party (GNP), Ghana Democratic

Republican Party (GDRP).

Ivory Coast – Citizen’s Democratic Union (UDCY), Democratic Party of Cote d’Ivoire (PDCI),

Ivorian Popular Front (FPI), Rally of the Republicans (RDR), Union for Democracy and Peace in

Cote d’Ivoire (UDPCI)

Kenya

Parties, Coalitions, Alliances and Political Formations

National Super Alliance (NASA), Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), Wiper Democratic

Movement (WDM), Amani National Congress (ANC), Ford Kenya, Jubilee Party (JP),

Maendeleo Chap Chap Party (MCC), Third Way Alliance, Alliance for Real Change (ARC),.

2 Amended through a Unification Treaty. NB the interplay between national constitutional law and transnational

(treaty) law... 3 The 1999 Nigerian Constitution inaugurated the Fourth Republic

http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/cpp.php

http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/npp.php

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The following were some of the leading parties in 2017 arranged by presidential candidates.

Others had no presidential candidates but nominated candidates to contest for gubernatorial

positions, Senate, National Assembly, Women’s representative, County representative and MP.

Orange Democratic Party (ODM), Wiper Democratic Movement (formerly ODM-K), Forum for

the Restoration of Democracy-Kenya (Ford-K), The Independent Party (TIP), Chama cha

Uzalendo

Jubilee Party (JP), National Rainbow Coalition (NARC) and Republican Congress Party of

Kenya (RC)

National Rainbow Coalition-Kenya (NARC-K);

United Democratic Movement (UDM);United Democratic Forum (UDF), Kenya African

National Union (KANU- changed name briefly to Kenya Alliance of National Unity), New Ford

Kenya, Vision Party (all of Amani Coalition).

Party of Action (POA) and Kenya National Congress (KNC) (both part of Eagle Coalition);

Safina Party, Alliance for Real Change (ARK), Restore and Build Kenya (RBK) party, Grand

National Union (GNU), and Alliance Party of Kenya (APK).

Key political parties in comparative states and countries

USA – Democratic Party (DP), Republican Party, Libertarian Party, Green Party.

Nigeria – People’s Democratic Party (PDP), Congress for Progressive Change (CPC),

Action Party (AP)

South Africa – African National Congress (ANC), National Party (NP), Inkatha Freedom Party

(IFP), United Democratic Movement (UDM), Democratic Alliance (DA), Congress of the People

(COPE), African Peoples Convention (APC), Azanian People’s Organisation (AZAPO),

Freedom Front, Minority Front, Independent Democrats (ID), Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC),

United Christian Democratic Party (UCDP).

Uganda – National Resistance Movement (NRM), Forum for Democratic Change (FDC),

Uganda People’s Congress (UPC), Democratic Party (DP), People Power

UK – Conservative (Tory), (New) Labour, Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) (LibDem)

Class 2: Methodology of Comparative Constitutional Law

2.1 What is a Constitution?

2.2 What is Comparative Constitutional Law?

2.3 What are the key comparators?

2.4 How do comparatists compare?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkatha_Freedom_Party

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2.5 Why? Compare? Why choose the specific comparators?

2.6 What is the value, significance of comparative constitutional law?

2.7 How comparative constitutional law compare to national, transnational and (public v.

private) international law?

2.8 What are the possibilities of comparative constitutional law?

Essential readings

1. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Methodology of comparative constitutional law in Kenya and

Africa,” Chapter 4 in Ben Sihanya (due 2019) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and

Africa Vol. 2: Presidency, Bureaucracy and Administrative Justice in Kenya

(CODRALKA 2)

2. Ran Hirschl (2014) Comparative Matters: The Renaissance of Comparative

Constitutional Law, Oxford University Press.

3. Ben[jamin] O[bi] Nwabueze (1974) Presidentialism in Commonwealth Africa St.

Martin’s Press, New York, Chaps XIII, XIV pp 392-435.

4. Y.P. Ghai and JPWB McAuslan, Public Law and Political Change in Kenya OUP,

Nairobi.


Press, New York (2nd ed.), 141-155.

6. Donald Kommers (1976) “The value of comparative constitutional law,” 9 J. Marshall

Journal of Practice and Procedure 685C (Brief excerpt in Jackson & Tushnet, q.v.).

7. Gunter Frankenberg (1985) “Critical comparisons: re-thinking comparative law,” 26

Harv. Int’l L.J 411 (brief excerpt in Jackson & Tushnet, q.v.).

8. John Bell (2002) “Comparing public law,” in Andrew Harding & Esin Orucu (eds)

Comparative Law in the 21st Century (brief excerpt in Jackson & Tushnet, supra).

9. Wiktor Osiatynski (2003) “The paradoxes of constitutional borrowing,” Vol. 1(2)

International Journal of Constitutional Law, 244-268

10. D.M. Davis (2003) “Constitutional borrowing: the influence of legal culture and local

history in reconstruction of comparative influence: the South African experience,” Vol.

1(2) International Journal of Constitutional Law, 181-195

11. J. B. Ojwang (1982) “The application of the comparative method in the domain of public

law: Some reflections,” Vol. 60 Revue de droit international, de sciences diplomatiques

et politiques 199-225.

Consider the following on legal sociology (legal method, legal system ie legal rules,

principles, values, culture...) and political economy and economic interests, issues,

agency or actors as individuals or institutions...evidence or data on the...of (comparative

constitutional la; fully cited in Part 1 above:

Ghai’s “The rule of law, legitimacy and governance;”

14

Shivji, “The rule of law in the sociological formation of ujamaa;”

Okoth Ogendo, “Constitutions without constitutionalism;”

Trubek “Max Weber on law and the development of capitalism;”

Courigan and Sayer “How the law rules...”on Kelsen;

Sihanya, “Amending the Constitution of Kenya post 2017”

Sihanya, “Constitutional implementation in Kenya...”

Class 3: Conceptualising the Kenyan Constitution 2010 in Comparative Context

Conceptualizing, problematizing and contextualizing comparative constitutional law: Kenya and

Africa in context: Constitution, state, government, people sovereignty, Bill of rights

3.1 What is a constitution?

3.1.1 Conceptualising constitutions in Kenya, Africa....

3.1.2 What does the Constitution constitute?

3.1.3 Why are constitutions important or relevant?

3.2 What is a state?

3.3 What is government? Devolved or local government? Power v. liberties or rights:

Cf. “governance beyond government:” e-gov’t; e-governance; transnational legal process

(TLP); admin & regulation beyond gov’t; commissions…;

3.4 Who are the people? Citizens generally? Citizens by birth, who are dual citizens? Adults?

Registered voters? Men? Women? Children? Youth? Elderly persons? Legally insane? All? NB

some of these have less than full human or citizenship rights generally or in specific contexts

3.5 Sovereignty – people in their masses, Parliament, Monarch or ruler? Cf (Kenya, US, UK

historically)

3.6 Bill of Rights

3.6.1 1st, 2,nd 3rd 4th generation

3.6.2 Bill of rights: individual, group rights…

3.7 Typology of constitutions:

What are the main types of constitutions?

3.7.1 Written or codified Constitution

3.7.2 Unwritten or uncodified Constitution

3.7.3 Flexible v. rigid

3.7.4 Constitutional classification by type of government: presidential v. parliamentary;

Republican v. Monarchial; unitary v. federal v. confederal; etc).

3.8 Constitutions by states in development or ideology: Ghai typology of developed

(western/liberal) v. socialist (neo…) v. developing country. (what of LCD? What of G7 (G7

+1), G8, G20; BRICS? MINT? Developing country, LDC…

3.9 Hybrid constitutions – hybrid governmental systems...

3.10 What are the possibilities, value, significance and limits of comparative constitutional law?

Essential readings

1. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Conceptualising Sovereignty, Constitution, State and

Government in Kenya and Africa,” Chapter 5 in Ben Sihanya (due 2020)

15

Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa Vol. 2: Presidency, Bureaucracy and

Administrative Justice in Kenya (CORALKA 2).

2. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Conceptualising constitutional democracy in Kenya and

Africa: Constitution, state, people’s sovereignty and government,” Chapter 5 in Ben

Sihanya (due 2020) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa Vol. 2:

Presidency, Bureaucracy and Administrative Justice in Kenya (CORALKA 2)

3. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Key themes in Kenya’s constitutional democracy since

1963: Tribalism, corruption, insecurity and power sharing,” Chapter 1 in Ben Sihanya

(due 2020) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa, Vol. 1: Elections,

Governance, Human Rights, the Just Rule of Law, and Due Process in Kenya and

Africa (CODRALKA 1)

4. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Reconstructing the Kenyan Constitution and state since

1963: Lessons from German, American and African constitutionalism,” Chapter 2 in

Ben Sihanya (due 2020) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa, Vol. 1:

Elections, Governance, Human Rights, the Just Rule of Law, and Due Process in

Kenya and Africa (CODRALKA 1)

5. K.N. Llewellyn, ‘The Constitution as an Institution’, (1934) 1 (34) Colum. L. Rev 3

6. Mark V. Tushnet, “The possibilities of comparative constitutional law,” Yale Law

Journal, Vol. 108, 1999 (brief excerpt in Jackson & Tushnet, q.v.)

7. Walter Murphy (1993) “Constitutions, constitutionalism and democracy,” in Douglas

Greenberg, Stanley N. Katz, Steven C. Wheatley, &Melanie Beth Oliviero(1993)

Constitutionalism and Democracy: Transitions in the Contemporary World, Oxford

University Press New York, 3-7.

8. H.W.O. Okoth-Ogendo (1999) “The quest for constitutional government,” in Goran


Governance, Africa World Press, Trenton, pp. 33-60.

9. B.O. Nwabueze (1974) Presidentialism in Commonwealth Africa C. Hurst &

Nwamife, London & Enugu, Chapt XIV, 430-435.

10. Jackton B. Ojwang (1990) Constitutional Development in Kenya: Institutional

Adaptation and Social Change African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS),

Nairobi, q.v

11. Ghai & McAuslan (1970, 2001) Public Law and Political Change in Kenya, q.v.

12. Russell Hardin (2013) “Why a Constitution” in D.J Galligan and M Vesteeg (eds)

Social and Political Foundations of Constitutions, Cambridge University Press,

Cambridge.

Secondary reading (from Kenya and Africa?

13. H.L.A. Hart (1954) “Definition and theory in jurisprudence,” Law Quarterly Review

37-60.

14. Marc Galanter (1974) “Why the ‘haves’ come out ahead: Speculations on the limits

of legal change” 9Law & society review 1, 95-160.

15. Sandra Fullerton Joireman (2006) “The evolution of the common law: Legal

development in Kenya and India” vol 44 No 2 Commonwealth & Comparative

Politics, 190-210.

16. Ulrich K. Preuss (2011) “The Implications of Eternity Clauses: The German

Experience” Israel Law Journal, 429-430.

http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=ntt_athr_dp_sr_1?_encoding=UTF8&sort=relevancerank&search-alias=books&field-author=Douglas%20Greenberg

http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=ntt_athr_dp_sr_1?_encoding=UTF8&sort=relevancerank&search-alias=books&field-author=Douglas%20Greenberg

http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=ntt_athr_dp_sr_2?_encoding=UTF8&sort=relevancerank&search-alias=books&field-author=Stanley%20N.%20Katz

http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=ntt_athr_dp_sr_3?_encoding=UTF8&sort=relevancerank&search-alias=books&field-author=Steven%20C.%20Wheatley

http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=ntt_athr_dp_sr_4?_encoding=UTF8&sort=relevancerank&search-alias=books&field-author=Melanie%20Beth%20Oliviero

16

17. Frank I. Michelman (2014) “Why not just say no? An essay on the obduracy of

Constitution fixation” Boston University Law Review, 1141.

Class 4: Theorizing Kenyan Constitutional Democracy and the Rule of Law Comparatively

A brief intellectual and political history of constitutional democracy, the rule of law and due

process

4.1 Theorizing constitutional democracy in Kenya and Africa: universal rules, principles, and

rules

4.1.1 What is constitutional theory?

4.1.2 constitutional values, principles: life, limb, liberty, land (property etc), taxation,

security

separation of powers, checks and balances

responsive and constitutional government

4.2 Constitutionalism v. democracy? Individual or/and group rights.....

4.3 Autochthony in constitution making and implementation

4.4 Constitutional theory and typology based on administration and governance models: New

Public Management (NPM): administrative efficiency; political participation; juridical due

process

4.5 Problematizing and contextualizing constitutionalism: Western-especially UK & US -

experience

4.6 Contextualizing constitutionalism: Lessons for Kenya from US, UK, SA and Nigeria.

4.6.1 The legacy of English constitutionalism

4.6.2 Lessons from German constitutionalism

4.6.3 Lessons from American constitutionalism

4.6.4 Lessons from Chinese constitutionalists organisation (e.g. and administration)

4.7 Lessons for Kenya and African constitutionalism: constitution v. transnational law v. national

legislation v. regulations (standing orders; operational manuals…);

4.8 Is the Constitution supreme? Is the constitution basic (the grand norm?); is it fundamental?

4.9 Representation and for public participation: civil society (organisations), Political Parties,

and Elections

Essential readings

1. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Conceptualising Sovereignty, Constitution, State and

Government in Kenya and Africa,” Chapter 5 in Ben Sihanya (due 2020) Constitutional

Democracy in Kenya and Africa Vol. 2: Presidency, Bureaucracy and Administrative

Justice in Kenya (CORALKA 2).

2. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Conceptualising constitutional democracy in Kenya and Africa:

Constitution, state, people’s sovereignty and government,” Chapter 5 in Ben Sihanya

(due 2019) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa Vol. 2: Presidency,

Bureaucracy and Administrative Justice in Kenya (CODRALKA 2)

3. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “The fusion and separation of powers, and checks and balances

in Kenya and Africa,” Chapter 6 in Ben Sihanya (due 2020) Constitutional Democracy in

Kenya and Africa Vol. 2: Presidency, Bureaucracy and Administrative Justice in Kenya

(CODRALKA 2)

17

4. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Key themes in Kenya’s constitutional democracy since 1963:

Tribalism, corruption, insecurity and power sharing,” Chapter 1 in Ben Sihanya (due

2020) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa, Vol. 1: Elections, Governance,

Human Rights, the Just Rule of Law, and Due Process in Kenya and Africa

(CODRALKA 1)

5. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Reconstructing the Kenyan Constitution and state since 1963:

Lessons from German, American and African constitutionalism,” Chapter 2 in Ben

Sihanya (due 2020) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa, Vol. 1: Elections,

Governance, Human Rights, the Just Rule of Law, and Due Process in Kenya and Africa

(CODRALKA 1)

6. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Constitutionalism and the rule of law and human rights in

Kenya’s electoral process,” Chapter 5 in Ben Sihanya (due 2020) Constitutional

Democracy in Kenya and Africa, Vol. 1: Elections, Governance, Human Rights, the Just

Rule of Law, and Due Process in Kenya and Africa (CODRALKA 1)

7. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Public participation and public interest lawyering under the

Kenyan Constitution: Theory, process and reforms,” Chapter 6 in Ben Sihanya (due



(CODRALKA 1

8. Nwabueze, B.O. (1974) Presidentialism in Commonwealth Africa C. Hurst & Nwamife,

London & Enugu

9. Corrigan, Philip & Derek Sayer (1981) “How the law rules: Variations on some themes

in Karl Marx,” in B. Fryer et al. (eds.), Law, State and Society, London.

10. Yash P. Ghai (1986) “The rule of law, legitimacy and governance,” 14 International

Journal of the Sociology of Law 179-208.

11. Issa Shivji (1995) “The rule of law and ujamaa in the ideological formation of Tanzania,”

Vol 4, Socio-Legal Studies Journal, 147-174.

12. Trubek, David (1972) “Max Weber on law and the rise of capitalism,” Wisconsin Law

Review 720-753 qv.

13. Ben Sihanya (2016) “Constitutional change of Government in Kenya: Constraints and

Opportunities,” Advocate magazine, the Law Society of Kenya, 52-53.

14. Irma Kroeze (2001) “Doing things with values: the role of constitutional interpretation,”

Stellenbosch Law Review 265-276

18

15. Karl Clare (1997) “Legal culture and transformative constitutionalism,” 13 South Africa

Journal, Human Rights 146.

16. Stephen Ellman (1995) “Law and legitimacy in South Africa,” 20 Law and Society

Inquiry 407.

17. Daniel B. Rodriguez, Mathew D. McCubbins & Barry R. Weingast (2008) “The rule of

law unplugged,” 59 Emory Law Journal 1455-94.

18. Yash P. Ghai (1993) “Constitutions and governance in Africa; A prolegomenon,” in

Sammy Adelman & Abdul Paliwala (eds) Law and Crisis in the Third World, Hans Zell

Publishers, London, 51-75 (Chap. 3)

19. J.B. Ojwang (1990) “Constitutionalism in classical terms and in African nationhood,”

Vol. 6 No. 1Lesotho Law Journal, 1990, 57-74.

20. Okoth-Ogendo, H.W.O. (1996) “Governance beyond government: a rejoinder to Justice

Breyer (U.S. Supreme Court) and Professor Frank Michelman (Harvard Law School),”

Comment on “Constitutionalism, Privatization and Globalization” made at Roundtable on

“Constitutionalism, Constitutional Rights and Challenging Civil Society” organized by

the U.S. Association of Constitutional Law in conjunction with Cardozo, Columbia and

NYU Law Schools, November 19-21, 1998, New York.

21. Okoth-Ogendo, H.W.O. (1999) “Constitutions without constitutionalism: reflections on

an African political paradox,” in Issa Shivji (ed) (1991) State and Constitutionalism: An

African Debate on Democracy, Southern Africa Political Economy Series (SAPES)

Trust, Harare, pp. 3-26 (also in Douglas Greenberg, et al. q.v.; Jackson & Tushnet, q.v.)

qv.

22. Okoth-Ogendo H.W.O. (1999) “The quest for constitutional government,” in Goran


Governance, Africa World Press, Trenton, pp. 33-59.

Carlos S. Nino (1992) “The complexity of constitutional democracy,” in Carlos S. Nino (1996)

The Constitution of Deliberative Democracy, Yale University Press, New Haven.

Secondary readings [Kenya and Africa]

1. Jan-Erik Lane (1996) Constitutions and Political Theory, Manchester University Press,

Manchester & New York, 242-264.

2. Yash P. Ghai & J.P.W.B. McAuslan (1970, 2001) Public Law and Political Change in

Kenya, OUP, Nairobi

Class 5A: Devolution: Objectives, Structure and Distribution of Powers; Briefly:

Legislative and Executive aspects of devolution; Judiciary and Devolution; Constitutional

commissions devolution; human rights v devolution

19

5A.1 Typology of decentralisation of power (delegation, decongestion, deconcentration,

devolution…)

5A.1.1 Conceptualising and problematizing decentralization in Kenya and Africa

5A.1.2 Sihanya Mentoring Decentralisation Martix or Chart

5A.2 Lancaster House and Kenyan debate on majimbo (regionalism); ugatuzi (decentralization

and sharing); devolution leading to 2010 Constitution.

5A.2.1 What powers are decentralized or devolved in Kenya?

5A.2.2 What are the levels or units of decentralization or devolution in Kenya?

5A.2.3 What are they? How many? What powers do they have?

5A.3 Decentralisation in the UK, USA, Germany

5A.4 Decentralisation in Nigeria, S. Africa; Uganda: decentralization and recentralization under

Museveni

5A.5 What institutions or agencies protect or promote decentralization, esp. devolution?

5A.5.1 Senate

5A.5.2 County government powers and structure generally: Governor, County Assembly, County

executive

5A.5.3 Role of President in county government

5A.5.4 Role of national administrative bureaucracy in county government

5A.5.5 Role of transitional authority and the successor commitee

5A.6 Provincial administration v. County government

Essential readings

1. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Constitutional implementation in Kenya, since 2010:

Challenges and prospects,” Chapter 4 in Ben Sihanya (due 2020) Constitutional



2. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Fusion and Separation of Powers, and Checks and Balances and

Devolution in Kenya and Africa,” Chapter 4 in Ben Sihanya (due 2020) Constitutional


Rule of Law, and Due Process in Kenya and Africa (CODRALKA 2).

3. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Decentralization of Legislative, Executive, Administrative and

Quasi Judicial (constitutional, admin process, admin justice, ADR, general ADR, TDR,”

Chapter 4 in Ben Sihanya (due 2020) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa,

Vol. 2: Elections, Governance, Human Rights, the Just Rule of Law, and Due Process in

Kenya and Africa (CODRALKA 2).

4. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Devolution and education law and policy in Kenya,” Chapter 9

in Ben Sihanya (due 2019) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa, Vol. 1:

Elections, Governance, Human Rights, the Just Rule of Law, and Due Process in Kenya

and Africa (CODRALKA 1)

20

5. N. C. Steytler and Yash P Ghai (2015) Kenyan-South African Dialogue on Devolution,

Claremont South Africa

6. B.O. Nwabueze (1974) Presidentialism in Commonwealth Africa C. Hurst & Nwamife,

London & Enugu, Chaps VI, VII, VIII, 138-254.

7. H.W.O. Okoth Ogendo (1984) “Development and the legal process: the role of law in the

rural development administration,” International Journal of the Sociology of Law, pp. 59-

83.

8. Dan Juma “Devolution of power as constitutionalism: The constitutional debate and

beyond,” at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1382821 (accessed 11/5/2011).

9. Yash Ghai (2007) “Devolution: Restructuring the Kenyan state,” Vol 2 No 2 Journal of

Eastern African Studies, 211-226. It was initially presented as a Lecture at the African

Research and Resource Forum (ARRF) at the Kenya International Conference Centre

(KICC) Nairobi, 23/11/2007.

10. Annette Omolo (2010) “Devolution in Kenya: a critical review of past and present

frameworks,” in Albert K. Mwenda (ed) (2010) Devolution in Kenya: Prospects,

Challenges and the Future Institute of Economic Affairs Research Paper Series No. 24,

Nairobi.

11. Ben Sihanya (2014) “Devolution in Kenya National Government vis-à-vis County

Government and the Legal Effect of Transition,” Presented at the Attorney General

Office’s State Counsel Workshop, September 11, 2014, at Great Rift Valley Lodge in

Naivasha.

12. Walter Ouma Oyugi (2011) “Implementing the devolution design in the new constitution:

Promises and challenges,” Paper presented at a conference covered by Friedrich Ebert

Stiftung and University of Nairobi [Department of Political science], Nairobi Safari Cub,

November 29 – 30 (on file at Innovative Lawyering & Sihanya Mentoring).

13. Mutakha Kangu (2011) “Implementing the constitutional provisions on devolution:

whose interests matter Paper presented at a conference covered by Friedrich Ebert

Stiftung and University of Nairobi [Department of Political Science], Nairobi Safari Cub,

November 29 – 30 (on file at Innovative Lawyering & Sihanya Mentoring).

14. Ben Sihanya (2014) “Background, status, operational mechanisms and enhancing quality

delegated legislation in Kenya,” presentation during the retreat of the Senate Committee

on Delegated Legislation and chairpersons of the Committees on delegated Legislation of

the County assemblies, at Serena Beach Hotel, Mombasa, Kenya, February 21, 2014.

Essential constitutional and statutory laws

1. Constitution of Kenya 2010, Constitutions of Uganda, South Africa; …

2. Transition to Devolved Government Act 2012

21

3. County Governments Act 2012,

4. Intergovernmental Relations Act 2012

5. Public Finance Management Act

6. Constitution of Kenya 2010, especially Chapter 11: Devolved Government; relevant

provisions on county and on National governments. County v. County gov’t.

Essential instruments on policy and administration

Final Report of the Task Force on Devolved Government: A Report on the Implementation of

Devolved Government in Kenya, A report of the Ministry of Local Gov’t’s Task Force on

Devolved Government in Kenya (adopted by Cabinet as sessional paper?) (Interim TFDG Report

is dated Wednesday, April 20, 2011)

Secondary readings

1. Othieno Nyanjom (2011) “Devolution in Kenya’s new Constitution,” Constitution

Working Paper No. 4, Society for International Development (SID), Nairobi

2. Paul Craig (2008) Administrative Law, q.v. Chaps 6 & 7 (“Local government, local

governance and democracy; & Devolution, Wales and Scotland.”)

3. Richard C. Crook (2003) “Decentralization and poverty reduction in Africa: the politics

of local–central relations,” Public Administration and Development, pp. 77–88

4. Catherine Boone (2003) “Decentralization as political strategy in West

Africa,”Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 36 No. 4, pp. 355-380

5. Muna Ndulo (2006) “Decentralization: challenges of inclusion and equity in

governance,” in Muna Ndulo (ed) Democratic Reform in Africa: Its Impact on

Governance and Poverty Alleviation James Currey, Oxford & Ohio University Press,

Athens pp.79-98

6. Hans F. W. Dubois and Giovanni Fattore (2009) “Definitions and typologies in public

administration research: the case of decentralization,” Intl Journal of Public

Administration, pp. 704–27.

7. Adams Oloo (2007) “Minority rights and transition politics,” in Wanyande, Omosa &

Chweya Ludeki (eds), q.v.,pp. 179–213 (Chapter 8).

8. Walter Oyugi (1995) “Service provision in rural Kenya: who benefits?” in Joseph

Semboja & Ole Thrkildesen (eds) Service Provision under Stress in East Africa: The

state, NGOs & People’s organizations in Kenya, Tanzania & Uganda, Centre for

Development6 Research, Copenhagen, EAEP Nairobi…, q.v., pp. 21 – 40 (Chap 7).

9. Amukowa Anangwe (1995) “Maintenance of law and order in Western Kenya: State and

voluntary organizations” in Joseph Sermboja & Ole Thrkildesen (eds) q.v., (under

Oyugi), pp. 87 – 104 (Chap 5).

10. Ben Sihanya (2019; 2011) “Constitutional Implementation in Kenya: Challenges and

Prospects,” A study under the auspices of the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) and

22

University of Nairobi’s Department of Political Science & Public Administration,

Occasional Paper Series, Nairobi, presented at the FES and UoN workshop, Nairobi

Safari Club, November 2011, Chapter 5 in Ben Sihanya (forthcoming 2020)

Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa Vol. 1: CODRALKA 1.






12. Mutakha Kangu (2012) “Understanding and implementing devolution in the Constitution

of Kenya 2010,” Dec-Jan 2012 Professional Management A Journal of the Institute of

Certified Public Secretaries of Kenya, pp. 3-14.

13. Winnie V. Mitullah (2002) “Recognising and respecting cultural diversity in the

Constitution,” paper presented to the Constitution of Kenya Review Commission

(CKRC), KECKR 5.

Class 5B: Devolution and Distribution of Resources: Typology of Resources: Human

Resources, Finances, Equipment, Infrastructure; Focus on: Public finance at National

Government and County Government levels

5B.1 Typology of key resources: (public finance; natural resources e.g. water, land, flora (trees,

forests, grassland), fauna (wildlife, livestock...), energy…

5B.2 Human resources in county government – a typology

5B.3 Finances of the county government – typology: at least 15% from Consolidated Fund;

county taxes, levies, charges, fees; equalization fund; loans; grants......

5B.4 Equipment at county government level: a typology and governance framework

5B.5 Infrastructure within and trans-county: typology and governance framework

5B.6 Distribution or sharing of resources; redistribution? takings? v. due process, equal

protection…

5B.7 Decentralisation of resource distribution and administration.

- Comparative constitutional politics of resource allocation, distribution, sharing

European and American democracies (UK, Sweden (the Scandinavian experience).

- Nigeria and South Africa … e.g. Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) in S.

Africa…

5B.8 Lessons for Kenya in the context of the 2010 Constitution: equity intercounty and intra

county: tribalism v. tribal diversity; efficiency; looting; resource audit.

5B.9 Kenyan experience: NGCDF, LATF, road levy…as delegated/decongested resource

management models – not devolved

5B.10 Reforming Devolution of Political Power and Socio-economic Resources

Essential readings

23

1. Commission on Revenue Allocation (2015) “Constitutional and legislative policy

instructing the drafting of county revenue laws in Kenya,” drafted and edited by Ben

Sihanya under a consultancy done for the Commission for Revenue Allocation (CRA)

and Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM) at https://www.crakenya.org/wp-

content/uploads/2017/05/KAM-CONSTITUTIONAL-AND-LEGISLATIVE-

POLICY.pdf (accessed 6/2/2019).






3. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Constitutional implementation in Kenya, since 2010:

Challenges and prospects,” Chapter 4 in Ben Sihanya (due 2020) Constitutional



4. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Constitutional Founding of the Kenyan and African State,”



Kenya and Africa (CODRALKA 1)

5. Chweya Ludeki (2007) “Resources and political transition,” in Wanyande, Omosa &

Chweya ludeki (eds) Governance and Transition Politics in Kenya, q.v., 234–79 (Chap

10)

6. Ken Kamoche (1997) “Competence-creation in the African public sector,” International

Journal of Public Sector Management, Vol.10, No.4, pp. 268-278.

7. John Mary Kauzya (2002) “A holistic model for managing ethnic diversity in the public

service in Africa,” Paper Presented During the 63 National Conference of the American

Society for Public Administration (ASPA) held in Phoenix, Arizona, 23–26 March 2002.

8. H.W.O. Okoth Ogendo (1984) “Development and the legal process: the role of law in the

rural development administration,” International Journal of the Sociology of Law, pp. 59-

83 q.v.

9. Joel D. Barkan & Michael Chege (1989) “Decentralising the state: District focus and the

politics of reallocation in Kenya,” Vol. 27, No. 3 Journal of Modern African Studies 431-

453.

10. H.W.O. Okoth-Ogendo (2008) “Managing the agrarian sector for environmental

sustainability,” C.O. Okidi, P. Kameri-Mbote, Migai Akech (eds.) Environmental

Governance in Kenya: Implementing the Framework Law East African Educational

Publishers Ltd, Nairobi, 222-34 (Chap 9).

Secondary readings

1. Paul Craig (2008) Administrative Law, q.v.

2. Adams Oloo (2007) “Minority rights and transition politics,” in Wanyande, Omosa &

Chweya Ludeki (eds) pp. 179-213 (Chapter 8)

https://www.crakenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/KAM-CONSTITUTIONAL-AND-LEGISLATIVE-POLICY.pdf



24

3. Walter Oyugi (1995) “Service provision in rural kenya: who benefits?” in Joseph

Sermboja & Ole Thrkildesen (eds) Service provision under stress in East Africa: The

State, NGOs & People’s organisation in Kenya, Tanzania & Uganda, Center for

Development Research, Copenhagen EAEP Nairobi, 21-40 (Chapter 7)

4. Amukowa Anagwe (1995) “Maintenance of law and order in Western Kenya: State and

voluntary organisations,” in Joseph Sermboja & Ole Thrkildesen (eds) q.v (under Oyugi),

87-104 (Chapter 5)

5. Ronan Paddison(1999) “Decoding decentralisation: the marketing of urban local power?”

Vol. 36, No. 1 Urban Studies, 107-119.

6. Jide Balogun (2002) “Diversity issues facing the public service in sub-Saharan Africa,”

Paper Presented During the 63 National Conference of the American Society for Public

Administration (ASPA) held in Phoenix, Arizona, 23–26 March 2002.

7. Ben Sihanya (2006) Constitutional Political Economy of Ethnic Inequality and Poverty in

Kenya, 1963-2006 and Beyond: Human Rights, Class Formation and Development a

study under the auspices of Society for International Development (SID), on file at

Innovative Lawyering.

8. H.W.O. Okoth-Ogendo (1988) “Agrarian reform in sub-Saharan Africa: The implications

for agricultural development,” in JB Ojwang’ & Janet W. Kabeberi Law and the Public

Interest, Proceedings of a seminar held in Kisumu 2-7 March 1986, IDS Occasional

Paper No. 22, Institute for Development Studies & Faculty of Law University of Nairobi,

3-13 (Chap 2)

Class 6: The Executive I: the Presidency, Deputy President, Prime Minister, and the Governor

in comparative context; Presidential and Gubernatorial elections (same date as class 5)

A. The National Executive

• What does the Executive execute? Mandate (i.e. powers and functions); cf executive v.

administrative v. administrative v. administration (USA, SA, Kenya).

• What is the composition of the Executive? Are Commissions and independent offices part

of the executive.

The Presidency

• What nature or character of presidency has Kenya had over time?

• Pros and cons of American presidentialism v. German, British parliamentarianism

• Crucial issues on the presidency: qualification for and procedure of nomination; election;

run-off; declaration of a winner; petition; swearing in and assumption of office; presidential

transition under the 2010 Constitution.

• Presidential power, duties and functions and obligations

• Presidential liberties, rights and privileges

• Presidential immunity

• Is the President a member of the cabinet? What is his or her role in it?

• The question of advice, advisory opinion, consultation, consensus building and in the

exercise of presidential powers.

• The constitution, composition and role of presidential advisors (the formal and informal).

25

• The Kenyan and other presidents may be assessed on how they address the following

parameters, among others: life, liberty and equity (and land - property access and

distribution).

• Dual transition in the Kenyan presidency 2013.

B. The County Executive

• Governor and Deputy Governor

• County Executive Committee

• County Public Service

• County Development Boards

C. Presidential and Gubernatorial elections

• Electoral institutions, administration and governance institutions

• Voter registration and voter identification (manual or digital; biometric)

• Technology in elections

• Electoral and security reforms

• Lawlessness and impunity

Essential readings


Columbia Law Review 1-123. (also Class 5)

2. B.O. Nwabueze (1974) Presidentalism in Common wealth Africa, St. Martin’s Press,

New York.

3. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Presidents and Premiers of Kenya and Africa Assessed:

Kenyatta 1, Moi, Kibaki and Kenyatta II and Beyond,” Chapter 19 in Ben Sihanya (due



(CODRALKA 2).

4. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Executive Powers and Functions in Kenya and Africa:

Concepts, Theory and History,” Chapter 8 in Ben Sihanya (due 2020) Constitutional



5. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Executive Powers and Functions in Kenya and Africa:

Concepts, Theory and History,” Chapter 8 in Ben Sihanya (due 2020) Constitutional



6. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Presidential and Premier election, Succession and Transition in

2017 and Beyond: Electoral Justice, Popular Sovereignty, Protests, Revolutions, and

Secession Debates and Movements,” Chapter 25 in Ben Sihanya (due 2020)

26

Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa, Vol. 2: Elections, Governance, Human

Rights, the Just Rule of Law, and Due Process in Kenya and Africa (CODRALKA 2).

7. Ben Sihanya (2017) “Electoral Justice in Kenya under the 2010 Constitution:

implementation, enforcement, reversals and reforms,” Vol 13 Issue 1, Law Society of

Kenya Journal, 1-30.

8. Ben Sihanya and Duncan Okello (2010) “Mediating Kenya’s post-election crises: the

politics and limits of power sharing agreement,” in Karuti Kanyinga & Duncan Okello

(eds) Tensions and Reversals in Democratic Transitions: The Kenya 2007 General

Elections Society for International Development (SID) & University of Nairobi Institute

of Development Studies (IDS), Nairobi, 653-709, Chapter 2 in Ben Sihanya (forthcoming

2020) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa Vol. 1:Tribalism, Elections,

Governance, Human Rights, the Just Rule of Law, and Due Process in Kenya and Africa:

Ben Sihanya’s Essays, 1989-2016, Innovative Lawyering & Sihanya Mentoring, Nairobi

and Siaya.(also class 13A)

9. J.B. Ojwang (1983) “The nature and scope of executive power in English and French-

speaking Africa: A comparative perspective” 13 Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee, pp.

319-337.




Nairobi, Chapter 3 in Ben Sihanya (forthcoming 2018) Constitutional Democracy in

Kenya and Africa Vol. 1: Tribalism, Elections, Governance, Human Rights, the Just Rule

of Law, and Due Process in Kenya and Africa: Ben Sihanya’s Essays, 1989-2016,

Innovative Lawyering & Sihanya Mentoring, Nairobi and Siaya. (also class 5, 9A & 13B)

11. H. Kwasi Prempeh (2008) “Presidents untamed,” Journal of Democracy, Vol. 19, No. 2,

pp. 109-23.

12. Winnie V. Mitullah (2005) “Exercise of executive powers in Kenya: the case of the

prerogative of mercy,” in Morris Odhiambo, Osogo Ambani, & Winnie V. Mitullah

(eds) Informing a Constitutional Moment: Essays on Constitution Reformin Kenya

Claripress, Nairobi.

13. Peter Anyang’ Nyong’o (1989) “State and society in Kenya: the disintegration of the

nationalist coalitions and the rise of presidential authoritarianism,” African Affairs,

London, Vol. 88, No. 351, pp. 229-251.

14. Ben Sihanya (2016) “Key issues to Secure Electoral Justice in Kenya in 2017” Daily

Standard, Nairobi, August 11, 2016 at

http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000211577/key-issues-that-must-be-in-place-

for-kenya-to-secure-electoral-justice-in-the-2017-polls; also at

www.innovativelawyering.com (accessed 17/1/2017)

27

Essential laws

1. Constitution of Kenya, 2010

2. Relevant comparative constitutional provisions

3. Assumption of Office of the President Act, 2012 (Kenya)

4. Leadership and Integrity Act, 2012 (Kenya)

5. County Government Act, 2012

6. Intergovernmental Relations Act, No. 2 of 2012

7. National Government Co-ordination Act, No. 1 of 2013

8. Transition to Devolved Government Act, No. 7 of 2013

Essential cases

1. Uganda v. Commissioner for Prisons, Ex Parte Matovu

2. International Centre for Policy and Conflict & 5 Others v. the Hon. Attorney-General &

4 Others [2013]eKLR.

3. Isaac Aluoch Polo Aluochier v. Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission

(IEBC) & 19 Others [2013] eKLR.

4. Situation in the Republic of Kenya, The Prosecutor v. Francis Kirimi Muthaura & Uhuru

Muigai Kenyatta, Case No. ICC-01/09-02/11-373 .

5. Situation in the Republic of Kenya, The Prosecutor v. William Samoei Ruto and Joshua

Arap Sang, Case no. ICC-01/09-01/11-3.

6. Samuel Kaunda and Others v. The President of the Republic of South Africa and others

(2004)

7. Jacob Gedleyihleskisa Zuma & Michael Hulley v. The National Director of Public

Prosecutions & Others (2008)

8. Mistretta v. United States 488 US 361 (1989)

9. Morrison v. Olson 487 U.S. 654 (1988)

10. William Jefferson Clinton v. Paula Corbin Jones US Supreme Court (1997)

11. George W. Bush, et al., v. Albert Gore,Jr., et al. Supreme Court of the United States

(2000)

12. United States v. Nixon 418 US 683 (1974)

13. Moi v. Mwau (2008) 2 KLR (EP)

14. Imanyara v. Moi & 12 others (2008) 1 KLR (EP).

15. Nyamai & Another v. Moi & Others (2008) 1 KLR (EP);

16. Akweya v. Moi & 8 others (2008) 1 KLR (EP); Orengo v. Moi & 12 others; Matiba v.

Moi 1 KLR (EP);

17. Kibaki v. Moi, etc.

18. Mwangi Stephen Muriithi v. AG 1983 KLR 1-50

19. Mwangi Stephen Muriithi v. Daniel Toroitich Arap Moi [2011] eKLR. (1 & 2).

20. Muslims for Human Rights (Muhuri) & 2 others v. Attorney General & 2 others [2011

EKLR

21. High Court at Mombasa Petition 7 of 2011.

22. Centre for Rights Education and Awareness (CREAW) & 7 Others v. Attorney General

[2011]

23. EKLRHigh Court at Nairobi (Nairobi Law Courts) Petition 16 Of 2011.

28

24. Republic v. Chief Justice of Kenya & 6 Others Ex parte Moijo Mataiya Ole Keiwua

[2010] eKLR.

25. Lewanika and Others v. Frederick Jacob Titus Chiluba (Constitutional Jurisdiction)

(S.C.Z. Judgment No. 14 of 1998) [1998] ZMSC 11 (10 November 1998).

26. Azanian Peoples Organization (AZAPO) and Others v. President of the Republic of South

Africa and Others (CCT17/96) [1996] ZACC 16; 1996 (8) BCLR 1015; 1996 (4) SA 672

(25 July 1996).

27. Executive Council of the Western Cape Legislature v. President of the Republic of South

Africa 1995 (4) SA 877 (CC), 1995 (10) BCLR 1289.

28. Hugo v. President of the Republic of South Africa & Another (1996).

29. S. v. Zuma and Others (CCT5/94) [1995] ZACC 1; 1995 (2) SA 642; 1995 (4) BCLR 401

(SA); 1995 (1) SACR 568; [1996] 2 CHRLD 244 (5/4/1995).

30. National Director of Public Prosecutions v. Zuma (573/08) [2009] ZASCA 1; 2009 (2)

SA 277 (SCA); 2009 (1) SACR 361 (SCA); 2009 (4) BCLR 393 (SCA) (12/1/2009).

Secondary readings

1. Ben Sihanya (2018) “Presidential election and transition in 2017 and beyond: Electoral

justice, popular sovereignty and the secession debate,” forthcoming article in the Law

Society of Kenya Journal & Chapter 14 in Ben Sihanya (forthcoming 2020)

Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa Vol. 1: Tribalism, Elections, Governance,

Human Rights, the Just Rule of Law, and Due Process in Kenya and Africa: Ben

Sihanya’s Essays, 1989-2016, Innovative Lawyering & Sihanya Mentoring, Nairobi and

Siaya

2. Jodi Kantor (2012) The Obamas: Portrait of a Presidential Marriage, Little Brown &

Co.

3. Julian E. Zelizer (eds) (2010) The Presidency of George W. Bush: A First Historical

Assessment, Princeton UP, Princeton & Oxford.

4. Julian Zelizer, “Establishment Conservative: The Presidency of George W. Bush,” Chap.

1, pp. 1-14.

5. Julian Zelizer, “How the Conservatives learned to stop worrying and love presidential

power,” pp.15-38;

6. Mary L. Dudziak, “A sword and a shield: the users of law in the Bush Administration,”

pp. 39-58 (Chap. 3);

7. Nelson Lichotenstein, “Ideology and interest on the social policy home front,” pp 169-98

(Chap. 8);

8. David Greenberg, “Creating their own reality: the Bush Administration and expertise in a

polarized age,” pp. 199-226 (Chap9);

29

9. Michael Kazin, “From hubris to despair: George W. Bush and the Conservative

movement,” pp. 282-302 (Chap. 127).

10. Steven Graubard (2009) The Presidents: The Transformation of the American Presidency

from Theodore Roosevelt to Barack Obama, Penguin Books, London.

11. Kivutha Kibwana (1988) Legal Restraints on Presidential and Parliamentary Elections

in a One Party State: A Comparative Analysis of Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia SJD

Dissertation, George Washington University Law Centre.

12. Githu Muigai (2004) “Jomo Kenyatta & the rise of the ethno-nationalist state in Kenya,”

in Bruce Berman, Dickson Eyoh & Will Kymlicka (eds), Ethnicity and Democracy in

Africa, James Currey, Oxford & Ohio UP, Ethens pp 200-217 (Chap 12).

13. Ben Sihanya (2011) “Evolving nature of presidency and what we should expect in the

future,” Daily Nation (Nairobi), opinion Tuesday March 8, at 13 (at

www.innovativelawyering.com, accessed 26/4/2011)

14. Morton, Andrew (1998) Moi: The Making of an African Statesman, Michael O’Mara

Books Ltd, London.

15. Ndegwa, Duncan (2006) Walking in Kenyatta Struggles: My Story, Kenya Leadership

Institute, Nairobi.

16. Simeon Nyachae (2010) Walking through the Corridors of Service: An Autobiography

Mvule Africa Publishers, Nairobi.

17. Cohen, David W. & E.S. Atieno-Odhiambo (2004) The Risks of Knowledge:

Investigations into the Death of the Hon. Minister John Robert Ouko in Kenya, 1990,

Ohio University Press, Athens, East African Educational Publishers, Nairobi.

18. Joe Khamisi (2011) The Politics of Betrayal: Diary of a Kenyan Legislator, Trafford

Publishing Bloomington.

19. Taaita Toweett (post-humously; 2010) Unsung Heroes of Lancaster: An Account of

Kenyas Constitutional and Political Transformation, Dr Taaita Toweett Foundation

(presumably) (published and city not indicated).

20. White House, Office of the Press Secretary (2011) “Fact Sheet: The President’s

Regulatory Strategy,” at http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/01/18/fact-

sheet-presidents-regulatory-strategy (accessed 29/4/2011).

21. Nic Borain (2007) “SA Presidential Transition: Who can pass through the eye of the

needle?”

http://www.innovativelawyering.com/

http://www.superbookshop.net/index.php?page=publisher&pub=000272627


http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/01/18/fact-sheet-presidents-regulatory-strategy

http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/01/18/fact-sheet-presidents-regulatory-strategy

30

22. H.W.O.Okoth-Ogendo (1988) “Law and government,” in Ministry of Information and

Broadcasting, Kenya: An Official Handbook Ministry of Information and Broadcasting,

Nairobi, pp. 27-35 (Chap 3).

23. J. Oloka-Onyango (1997) “Uganda’s “Benevolent” Dictatorship,” in Current HistoryA

Journal of Contemporary World Affairs pp. 212-216.

Class 7: The Executive II: the Cabinet; Cabinet Secretaries, Permanent Secretaries, CEC

and equivalents in Kenya and Africa; CEC and equivalents in Kenya and Africa (with class 6)

• What is the Cabinet? Cabinet government?

• How is the cabinet constituted? Who constitutes, nominates or appoints it?

• Composition of the Cabinet (US, UK, Nigeria, Uganda, South Africa, and Kenya

historically) i.e. formal and informal power structures in appointment; size of cabinet; key

portfolios…

• Comparative mandate or powers and functions of the Cabinet

• Cabinet as advisor or assistant to the President

• Cabinet as policy maker

• Cabinet and monitoring and evaluation of Government policies, programmes and projects.

• Individual and collective responsibility of cabinet

• Discipline, including suspension, disappointment of cabinet (individually, in toto)

Essential readings


Martin’s Press, New York.

2. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Assessing Cabinet Secretaries, Chief Administrative

Secretaries, and Principal Secretaries in Kenya,” Chapter 20 in Ben Sihanya (due 2020)

Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa, Vol. 2: Elections, Governance, Human

Rights, the Just Rule of Law, and Due Process in Kenya and Africa (CODRALKA 2).


Columbia Law Review 1-123 (also Class 4)


Press, New York (2nd ed.), Chapter VIII; pp. 371-2 (British Cabinet).







Innovative Lawyering & Sihanya Mentoring, Nairobi and Siaya. (also class4, 9A, & 13B)

31

6. Bernard Grofman & Peter van Roozendaal (1997) “Modelling cabinet durability and

termination,” British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 27, No. 3 (Jul., 1997), pp. 419-

451 Cambridge University Press

7. John N. Anene (1997) “Military administrative behavior and democratization: Civilian

cabinet appointments in military regimes in Sub-Saharan Africa,” African Journal of

Public Policy, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Jan. - Apr., 1997), pp. 63-80 (Cambridge University

Press).

8. Michael Laver & Kenneth A. Shepsle (1990) “Coalitions and cabinet government,” The

American Political Science Review, vol. 84. No. 3, pp. 873-890.

Essential instruments on Policy and Administrative process, administrative justice

1. Presidential Circular No. 1/2008 on the Organization of the Government of the Republic

of Kenya.

2. Executive Order No. 2/2013 on the Organization of the Government of the Republic of

Kenya.

3. Republic of Kenya Office of the President Cabinet Office Handbook on Governing

Responsibility in Kenya (2005).

4. Executive Order No.1/2016 on the Organization of the Government of the Republic of

Kenya.

Secondary readings

1. Sihanya Ben (2011) “Amendments to the Independence Constitution of Kenya: the

impacts on the post-independence Cabinets and governance,” Ministry of Information

and Communication for the Kenya Yearbook Editorial Board, London.

2. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Administrative Bureaucracy and Regulatory Process and

Justice in Kenya and Africa: Cabinet, Cabinet Secretary, Secretary to the Cabinet, Chief

Administrative Secretary, Principal Secretary, HOPS (HOCS), and County

Administration (CPSB, County Secretary) in Kenya and Africa,” Chapter 14 in Ben

Sihanya (due 2020) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa, Vol. 2: Elections,

Governance, Human Rights, the Just Rule of Law, and Due Process in Kenya and Africa

(CODRALKA 2).

3. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Assessing CJs, A-Gs, DPPs, SGs, HOPs (HOCs?), CBK Gov,

KRA, Commissioner General…...IGP, County Governors, KDF heads, and CBK

Governors,” Chapter 23 in Ben Sihanya (due 2020) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya

and Africa, Vol. 2: Elections, Governance, Human Rights, the Just Rule of Law, and Due

Process in Kenya and Africa (CODRALKA 2).

4. Ilia Rainer and Francesco Trebbi (2011) “New Tools for the Analysis of Political Power

in Africa,” http://faculty.arts.ubc.ca/ftrebbi/research/rt1.pdf (accessed 28/2/2012).

http://faculty.arts.ubc.ca/ftrebbi/research/rt1.pdf

32

5. Octavio Amorim Neto &David Samuels (2010) “Democratic regimes and Cabinet

politics: a global perspective,” RIEL, Belo Horizonte, n.1.

Class 8: Legislature: Parliament: Senate and the National Assembly; County Assemblies

• Public participation, representation

• What is Parliament? v. “Legislature” v. National Assembly v. Senate v. County Assembly

• Single or dual (unicameral v. bicameral) chamber? Why? Lancaster; Bomas; Pre-August

2010 debates; post-August 2010 implementation

• Composition of Parliament in USA, UK, US, China, Nigeria, Uganda, South Africa, Ivory

Coast, Egypt, Kenya

• Parliamentary sovereignty v. popular sovereignty; constitutional supremacy v. supremacy

of the law…

• Main administrative mechanisms that help in securing parliamentary sovereignty and

exercising parliamentary powers and functions.

• Checks and balances to avoid a rogue Parliament (USA, UK, China, Nigeria, Uganda,

South Africa, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Kenya)

• Parliament’s role in implementing the Constitution of Kenya 2010.

Essential readings

1. B.O. Nwabueze (1974) Presidentalism in Common wealth Africa, q.v., Chaps 8 & 9, 215-

297; passim.

2. Ben Sihanya “Public participation and public interest lawyering under the Kenyan

Constitution: Theory, process and reforms,” Vol 9 (1) (2013) Law Society of Kenya

Journal 1 – 32, Chapter 6 in Ben Sihanya (forthcoming 2020) Constitutional Democracy

in Kenya and Africa Vol. 1: Tribalism, Elections, Governance, Human Rights, the Rule of

Law, and Due Process in Kenya and Africa: Ben Sihanya’s Essays, 1989-2016,

Innovative Lawyering & Sihanya Mentoring, Nairobi and Siaya.

3. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Legislative Power, Structure, and Process in Kenya and

Africa,” Chapter 7 in Ben Sihanya (due 2020) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and

Africa, Vol. 2: Elections, Governance, Human Rights, the Just Rule of Law, and Due


4. R.A. MacKay (1924) “Coke: Parliamentary sovereignty or the supremacy of the law?”

Michigan Law Review, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 215-247.


Press, New York (2nd ed.) Chapter VIII: Separation of powers: Governments, Courts and

Emergency Powers.

6. Hamish R. Gray (1953) “The sovereignty of Parliament today,” The University of

Toronto Law Journal, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 54-72: University of Toronto Press

33

7. J.B. Ojwang (1980) “The residue of legislative power in English and French-speaking

Africa,” 29 International Comparative Law Quarterly, pp. 296-325.

8. Joel D. Barkan (2008) “Legislatures on the rise?” Journal of Democracy, Vol. 19, No. 2,

pp. 124-137.

9. Elisabete Azevedo-Harman (2011) “Parliaments in Africa: representative institutions in

the land of the ‘Big Man’,” Draft paper to be published in Journal of Legislative Studies,

UK.

Essential cases

1. Hutchinson v. Proxmire 443 U.S. 111 (1979)

2. Peter O. Ngoge v. Francis Ole Kaparo& 4 Others [2007] eKLR.

3. Raila Odinga v. Francis Ole Kaparo – Nairobi HCC Suit No. 394

Essential Speaker’s Rulings (see also relevant Hansard Reports)

Procedure for swearing in MPs – allegiance to the Republic or the President? (15/1/2008)

Who is the Leader of Government Business in the House (2008)?

Presidential Nominations of CJ, A-G, DPP, Controller of Budget (2011)

Taxation of MPs (2010)

Any other?

Secondary readings

1. J.B. Ojwang (1978) “Parliamentary privilege in Kenya: the role of an imported

constitutional concept,” 6 University of Tasmania Law Review, pp. 69-82.

2. J.B. Ojwang (1981) “Legislative control of executive power in English and French-

speaking Africa: a comparative perspective,” Public Law, pp. 511-544.

3. J.B. Ojwang (1986) “Legislative control of executive power in Africa: new insights”

(1986) 19 Verfassung und Recit in Ubersee 421-435.

4. Joe Khamisi (2011) The Politics of Betrayal: Diary of a Kenyan Legislator, Trafford

Publishing Bloomington.

5. Gicheru, H. B. Ndoria (1976) Parliamentary Practice in Kenya, Trans Africa Publishers,

Nairobi.

6. Patrick Gichohi (2007) Considered Speakers’ Rulings: First to Ninth Parliament of the

Republic of Kenya, 1963-2007NL, Nairobi.

7. Patrick Gichohi Parliamentary Committees1999-2007 Institute of Economic Affairs

(IEA), Nairobi.



34

8. Thomas Erskine May (1844, 2011) Parliamentary Practice, Lexis Nexis (24th ed)

(Malcolm Jack (ed).)

Class 9: Judicature and Tribunals: Powers, Structure, Decentralisation; Interpretation,

implementation and enforcement of the Constitution ()

• Judiciary may be studied under the following:

(a) as the structure and hierarchy of courts (subordinate through superior courts)

(b) from the perspective of roles and functions of judges, magistrates and paralegals (the

administrative bureaucracy)

(c) the decision making process including adjudication, related judicial review,

administrative judicial making, etc.

• Identify the key issues and institutions in the “Justice Sector” e.g. under Governance, Justice,

Law and Order Sector (GJLOS)

• Mandate or powers and functions of the Judicature

• Horizontal and vertical structure of the Judiciary

• CJ, the DCJ (Ag. DCJ), Supreme Court Judges, Judges of Appeal High Court, “courts

equivalent to High Court;” appointment, powers, duties, liberties, rights, privileges,

immunity, the disappointment.

• Magistracy& tribunals-ditto.

• Judicial bureaucracy; its executive, administrative and operational structure and roles.

Composition and role of the Judicial Service Commission.

• Typology of cases: constitutional litigation v. constitutional reference v. presidential &

related election petitions v. advisory opinions v. judicial review (the typology is not

exhaustive; not mutually exclusive)

• Judicature in the context of other arms of Government: the judicature in decision making,

problem solving, policy implementation, and policy making (what’s the difference among the

foregoing?)

• Salaries and remuneration of judicial officers (unions) (Role of SRC; trade unionism?)

• Decenralisation (especially decongestion) of courts.

• Juridification or judicialization of politics (or social life) v. politicization and socialization of

the Judicature. (Politics v. politics)

• Judicature in the implementation of the Constitution of Kenya 2010.

Essential readings


Martin’s Press, New York, Chap X&XI, 298-353.

2. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Judicial Power, Structure, and Independent Accountability in

Kenya and Africa: Interests, Process and Outcomes,” Chapter 11 in Ben Sihanya (due



(CODRALKA 2).

35

3. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Lawyers, Public Interest Lawyering, and Constitutional

Democracy in Kenya and Africa,” Chapter 18 in Ben Sihanya (due 2020) Constitutional



4. Ben Sihanya (due 2020) “Assessing CJs, A-Gs, DPPs, SGs, HOPs (HOCs?), CBK Gov,

KRA, Commissioner General…...IGP, County Governors, KDF heads, and CBK

Governors,” Chapter 18 in Ben Sihanya (due 2020) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya

and Africa, Vol. 2: Elections, Governance, Human Rights, the Just Rule of Law, and Due


5. Hakeem O. Yusuf (2009) “The judiciary and political change in Africa: Developing

transitional jurisprudence in Nigeria,” Oxford University Press, pp. 654-682, at

http://icon.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/4/654.full.pdf+html (accessed 30/4/2011)

6. Hakeem O. Yusuf (2008) “Democratic transition, judicial accountability and

judicialisation of politics in Africa: The Nigerian experience,” Vol. 50 No. 5

International Journal of Law and Management, pp. 236-261 Emerald Group Publishing

Ltd.

7. Paul Craig (2008) Administrative Law, Sweet & Maxwell, London, q.v. “Chap 9:

Tribunals and Inquiries, Chap 9 pp 257-301;” Part 2: Judicial Review pp. 371-1018 (Key

issues) …

8. Peter Kaluma (2009) Judicial Review: Law, Procedure and Practice, Law Africa,

Nairobi.

9. Leo Levin & Antony G. Amsterdam (1958) “Legislative control over judicial rule-

making: A problem in constitutional revision,” University of Pennsylvania Law Review

Vol. 107 No. 1, pp. 1-42

10. Steven B. Pfeiffer (1978) “The role of the judiciary in constitutional systems of East

Africa,” Vol. 16 No 1 Journal of Modern African Studies Cambridge University Press.

11. Sir Charles Newbold (1969) “The role of judge as a policy maker,” Vol. 2 August 1969

No. 2, Eastern Africa Law Review: A Journal of Law and Development, 127-33

12. BK Twinomugisha (2009) “The role of the judiciary in the promotion of democracy in

Uganda,” African Human Rights Journal, at sabinet.co.za (accessed 28/2/2012)

13. Monica Twesiime Kirya (2009) “The Independence and Accountability of the Judiciary

in Uganda: opportunities and challenges,” at

http://www.kituochakatiba.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_details&gid=

369&Itemid=36 (accessed 28/2/2012)

http://www.sabinet.co.za/abstracts/ju_ahrlj/ju_ahrlj_v9_n1_a2.html

http://www.sabinet.co.za/abstracts/ju_ahrlj/ju_ahrlj_v9_n1_a2.html

36

14. Ben Sihanya “Constitutional implementation in Kenya, 2010-2015: challenges and

prospects,” A study under the auspices of the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES), Occasional

Paper No. 5, Nairobi, January 2013, ISBN: 9966-957-20-0, Chapter 4 in Ben Sihanya

(forthcoming 2020) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa Vol. 1: Tribalism,

Elections, Governance, Human Rights, the Just Rule of Law, and Due Process in Kenya

and Africa: Ben Sihanya’s Essays, 1989-2016, Innovative Lawyering & Sihanya

Mentoring, Nairobi and Siaya.

15. Ran Hirschl (2004) Towards Juristocracy: The Origins and Consequences of the New

Constitutionalism, Harvard University Press.

16. Roux, Theunis Robert (2014) “The Langa Court: Its Leitmotifs and Legacy,” at

SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2499255 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2499255

(accessed 4/4/2018)

Essential cases

1. Republic v. The Honourable Chief Justice of the Repubic of Kenya and Another ex parte

Moijo Ole Keiwua, Miscellaneous Civil Application 1298 of 2004.

2. Jesse Kamau & 25 Others v. The Attorney-General, Miscellaneous Civil Application 890

of 2004.

3. Centre for Rights Education and Awareness (CREAW) & 7 Others v. Attorney General

Petition No. 16 of 2011 [2011] eKLR (Justice Musinga’s)

4. Muslims for Human Rights (Muhuri) & 2 Others v. Attorney General & 2 Others [2011

eKLR]

5. Dennis Mogambi Mong’are v. The Attorney-General Minister for Justice and

Constitutional Affairs, Judges and Magistrates Vetting Board, The Judicial Service

Commission, High Court of Kenya, Nairobi (Nairobi Law Courts) Constitutional and

Human Rights Division, Milimani Law Courts, Petition No. 146 of 2011, [2011] eKLR

6. Case on the CJ appointment of Chief of Staff (Suit by Joseph Wamiti Thiiya) See Evelyn

Kwamboka (2011) “CJ sued over appointment,” Standard (Nairobi), 13/12/2011, at

http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/InsidePage.php?id=2000048280&cid=4 (accessed

28/2/2012)

7. Nancy Makokha Baraza v. Judicial Service Commission & 9 others [2012] eKLR

8. Gladys Boss Shollei v. Judicial Service Commission & Another [2014] Petition No. 39 of

2013

9. Kalpana H Rawal v. Judicial Service Commission & 3 others [2015] eKLR.

10. Justice Philip K. Tunoi & Others v. Judicial Service Commission & Others Petition

No.244 of 2015 as consolidated with Petition No.495 of 2014.

11. Trusted Society of Human Rights Alliance & 3 others v. Judicial Service Commission &

another [2016] eKLR

Essential instruments on policy and administration

Government of Kenya (2007) Final Report – Mid-Term Review GJLOS Reform Programme

Governance, Justice, Law and Order Sector (GJLOS) Reform Programme, Ministry of Justice

and Constitutional Affairs (Consultants’ Final Report; to the attention of: GJLOS Stakeholders;

https://ssrn.com/abstract=2499255

https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2499255

http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/InsidePage.php?id=2000048280&cid=4

37

Framework Contract Benef Lot No. 7, Letter of Contract No. 2006/125557) (January 17th), at

http://www.gjlos.go.ke/Completed_Final_Report%20%20MTR_GJLOS_07.pdf (accessed

28/2/2012)

Secondary readings

1. George Kegoro (2011) “The new Constitution: Judicial reforms one year later,” A study

under the auspices of the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) and University of Nairobi’s

Department of Political Science & Public Administration, Occasional Paper Series,

Nairobi, presented at the FES and UON workshop, Nairobi Safari Club, November 2011.

2. Hon. U.N. Udechukwu (2004) “The courts and politics in Nigeria,” today paper presented

at the National Conference on Nigerian Government and Politics, 1999-2004 at the

University of Nigeria.

3. Ralph Cavanagh, and Austin Sarat (1980) “Thinking about courts: Toward and beyond a

jurisprudence of judicial competence” Law and Society Review 371-420.

4. Adam M. Dodek (2009) “Judicial independence as a public policy instrument,”

ComparativeResearch in Law & Political Economy Research Paper 10/2009.

5. B.O. Nwabueze (1977) Judicialism in Commonwealth Africa, St. Martin’s Press, New

York, q.v

6. H.W.O Okoth-Ogendo (1994) “National implementation of International Obligation”

cited in Jackton B. Ojwang (1990) Constitutional Development in Kenya: Institutional

Adaptation and Social Change African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS), Nairobi.

7. Gichira Kibara (2011) “Reforming the Judiciary: responsiveness and accountability of the

Judiciary,” presentation by the Ag. Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Justice, National

Cohesion and Constitutional Affairs, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) and University of

Nairobi’s Department of Political Science & Public Administration, Occasional Paper

Series, Nairobi, presented at the FES and UON Workshop, Nairobi Safari Club,

November 2011.

8. J.B. Ojwang’ & J.A. Otieno-Odek (1988) “The Judiciary in sensitive areas of public law:

Emerging approaches to human rights litigation in Kenya,” 5 Netherlands International

Law Review, pp. 29-52

9. Kathurima M’Inoti (1991) “The reluctant guard: The high court and the decline of

constitutional remedies in Kenya,” July No. 34 Nairobi Law Monthly 17-26

10. Richard Kuloba (1997) Courts of Justice in Kenya, Oxford UP, Nairobi

11. Mahmood Mamdani (1995) “The politics of democratic reform in contemporary

Uganda,” in The Politics in Democratic Reform in Uganda, East African Journal of Peace

& Human Rights vol. 2:1 pp. 91-101.

12. Marc Galanter (1981) “Justice in Many Rooms: Courts, Private Ordering, and Indigenous

Law” 13 The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 19, 1-47.

38

13. Berichte und Urkunden (1956/57) “The Application of International Law in the English

Courts” in “The Application - Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht” Max-

Planck-Institute, 568-612, at

http://www.zaoerv.de/17_1956_57/17_1956_3_4_b_568_612.pdf (accessed on

18/1/2017).

14. H. Kwasi Prempeh (2007) “Africa’s ‘Constitutional Revival’: False Start or New Dawn?”

5 International Journal of Constitutional Law 3, 469-506.

15. Richard Albert (2014) “Constitutional Disuse or Desuetude: The Case of Article V”

Boston University Law Review, 1029-1031.

16. Donald S. Lutz (1994) “Towards a Theory of Constitutional Amendment” 88 The

American Political Science Review, 355-370.

17. Rosalind Dixon and Tom Ginsburg (2011) “Deciding not to decide: Deferral in

constitutional design” 9 Int. J. Constitutional Law (3-4), 636-672

Class 10A: Public Administration: The Administrative System, Bureaucracy, Process and

Administrative Justice (CAJ etc) (same date as 9)

• What is public administration? Composition of administrative bureaucracy (public service v.

civil service, provincial administration; parastatal, parliamentary, judicial, electoral

bureaucracy; security agencies, etc)

• Bureaucracy, technocracy, etc. Role of the PSC, PSC v. President on nomination and

appointment of Principle Secretaries (PSs) (cf ads by PSC in Feb 2013); role of PS (mandate,

title of “departments”, number of PSs?).

• Bureaucracy’s role:

enforcement of laws through public service delivery

policy implementation

what of feedback on law and policy reform?

• Approaches to public administration:

• Management (efficiency concerns); cf. red tape v. rapid results initiative (RRI) v. results

based management (RBM) v. strategic planning v. performance contracting (PC) …

• Political approach (representation and participation)

• Juridical perspective (adjudication) – focus on due process, equal protection, rule making,

interpretation, judicial and quasi-judicial decision making or enforcement by

administrative agencies.

• Comparative public administration and the administrative bureaucracy and administrative

justice (US, UK, Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Kenya historically and

currently).

Essential readings


Martin’s Press, New York, Chap VII, 175-214.

http://www.zaoerv.de/17_1956_57/17_1956_3_4_b_568_612.pdf

39

2. Ben Sihanya (2017) “Constitutional responsibilities of public officers in (un)making

public policy, rules and regulations,” Vol. 9, Issue 9, Nairobi Law Monthly, at

http://nairobilawmonthly.com/index.php/2017/10/12/constitutional-responsibilities-of-

public-officers-in-unmaking-public-policy-rules-and-regulations-in-kenya/ (accessed

23/1/2018).

3. Kempe Ronald Hope, Sr. (2001) “The new public management: context and practice in

Africa,” vol.4, pp 119-134.

4. Thomas H. Hammond & Jack H. Knott (1996) “Who controls the bureaucracy?:

Presidential power, congressional dominance, legal constraints, and bureaucratic

autonomy in a model of multi-institutional policy-making,” 12 Journal of Law,

Economics, & Organization 1

Vol. 12, No. 1, (Apr., 1996), pp. 119-166.

5. Graham K. Wilson (2008) “Bureaucracy and policy making,” paper for the conference of

the structure and organization of Government Research Committee of IPSA, Gothenburg,

November, at http

http://www.qog.pol.gu.se/working_papers/SOG%20papers/Wilson%20-

%20SOG%20Conference%20Nov08.pdf (accessed 15/3/2011)

6. Ronald McGill (1999) “Civil service reform in Tanzania: organization and efficiency

through process consulting,” Int. Jn’l of Public Mgt, Vol.12, No.5, 410-19.

7. Truphena Oduol (2006) “Towards the making of education policy in Kenya: conclusions

and implications,” 7(4) International Education Journal 466-479.

8. Maurice Amutabi (2006) “Development research and public administration in Kenya:

assessing the unexplored potential,” at

http://www.ossrea.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=309 (accessed

21/3/11).

9. Clay Westcott (1999) “Guiding principles on civil service reform in Africa: an empirical

review,” IISM, vol.12, No.1, 145-170.







Innovative Lawyering & Sihanya Mentoring, Nairobi and Siaya. (also Class 4, 5, & 13B)

11. Paul Craig (2008) Administrative Law, Sweet & Maxwell, chaps 4 & 5: “Agencies and

non-departmental public bodies; and Contract, service provision and governance.”



40

12. Paul Craig (2008) Administrative Law, Sweet & Maxwell, chaps 8 & 9 (“Information,

standards and complaints; & Tribunals and inquiries.”)

13. Obuya Bagaka (2011) “Restructuring the provincial administration: an insider’s view,”

Constitution Working Paper series No. 3 Society for International Development (SID)

Eastern & Central Africa, Nairobi Printed by The Regal Press Ltd, Nairobi.

Constitutional and juridical instruments

1. Constitution of Kenya 2010, Art. 47…

2. Commission on Administrative Justice Act, 2011

3. Assumption of the Office of the President Act, 2012 (Kenya)

4. Leadership and Integrity Act, 2012

Essential cases

1. Centre for Rights Education & Awareness (CREAW) & 8 Others v. Attorney General &

Another [2012] eKLR

2. Mwangi Stephen Muriithi v. AG 1983 KLR 1-50

3. Mwangi Stephen Muriithi v. Daniel Toroitich Arap Moi [2011] eKLR.

Secondary readings

1. Berhanu Mengistu & Elizabeth Vogel (2006) “Bureaucratic neutrality among competing

bureaucratic values in an ethnic federalism: the case of Ethiopia,” Public Administration

Review.

2. Eric E. Otenyo & Nancy S. Lind (2006) “Administrative development and development

administration,” Comparative Public Administration: The Essential Readings Research in

Public Policy Analysis and Management, Vol.15, pp. 221-230

3. J.B. Ojwang’ (1978) “Kenya and the concept of civil service political neutrality: A case

of silence but determined politicisation,” 24, Indian Journal of Public Administration, pp.

430-434

4. Simeon Nyachae (2010) Walking through the Corridors of Service: An Autobiography

Mvule Africa Publishers, Nairobi, q.v.

5. Ndegwa, Duncan (2006) Walking in Kenyatta Struggles: My Story, Kenya Leadership

Institute, Nairobi, q.v.

6. Taaita Toweett (2010) Unsung Heroes of Lancaster, q.v.

7. David H. Rosenbloom, et al. (2009) Public Administration: Understanding Management,

Politics, and Law in the Public Sector McGraw-Hill, New York, q.v.

8. Christopher Hood (1995) “The ‘new public management’ in the 1980s: variations on a

theme,” Accounting Organizations and Society Vol.20, No.2/3, 93-109.

41

9. Akech, Migai (2008) “The Maurice Odumbe investigation and judicial review of the

Power of international sports organizations,” ISSN 1748-944X, January, Entertainment

and Sports Law Journal, at http://go.warwick.ac.uk/eslj/issues/volume6/number2/akech

(accessed 28/2/2012)

10. Njuguna Ng’ethe & Wasunna Owino (eds) (1999) From Sessional Paper No. 10 to

Structural Adjustment: Towards Indigenising the Policy Debate Institute of Policy

Analysis and Research (IPAR), Nairobi.

11. Salim P. Ndemo (2007) Epitome of State Power: The Provincial Administration in Kenya

Regional Institute for Cooperatives Development Management (, Nairobi, presumably).

12. Nicholas Henry (2010) Public Administration and Public Affairs PHI Learning Private

Ltd, New Delhi.

See also readings on policy making, policy implementation, policy cycles and policy subsystems

(at the beginning of this course outline & reading list, and elsewhere)

Class 10B: Administering and Regulating Safety, Security and Criminal Justice in Kenya

and Africa (same date as 10A)

• Typology of Security

Security of the person – including in the workplace

Security of property

Security of the home

Security in society generally

• Security administration in Kenya: Government security agencies

NSIS

National Intelligence Service (NIS)

CID

Kenya Police Service (role of IG, Deputy IG)…)4

Administration Police (AP)

General Service Unit (GSU)

Kenya Defence Forces (KDF)- KA, KN, KAF

Provincial Administration

• Efficiency of National Security System in Kenya

The emergence of (tribal) gangs, vigilantes and militia; mungiki, sungu sungu,

mwakenya, Sabaot Land Defence Force (SLDF), Mombasa Republican Council (MRC)

etc

Inter-ethnic clashes and feuds

4 Cf NPSC v. IG 2013; A-G’s advisory on the matter; IPOA’s perspective on Deputy IGs…

42

Electoral violence

Emergence of drug trafficking

Territorial invasion: Al-Shabaab, Merille bandits invasion and other militia

Emergence of private security firms; security in institutions, homes, etc

Deterioration of public confidence in security system

• The role of the government in provision of security services.

• National Security Administration and Regulation under the 2010 Constitution.

• Constitutional Reforms

• Administrative reforms

• Security Administration and Regulation at the County

• Relationship between county security system and National security system.

• Security administration and regulation during transition and elections

• Security issues during presidential, parliamentary and civic elections

- Electoral fraud, manipulation and related electoral offences

- Political violence before, during and after elections

- Related security challenges

• Role of the Kenyan state in electoral violence and insecurity

• Who has been responsible for security in during transition?

• Reforming administration of security in elections

• History, present and future of Kenya’s security system, administration and regulation

• under Kenyatta

• under Moi

• under Kibaki

• transition from Kibaki/ Grand Coalition Government

• upon full implementation of 2010 Constitution

• under Kenyatta +

Essential readings


Martin’s Press, New York, Chaps X & XI, 298-353.

2. Kagwanja, Peter Mwangi (2005) “Power to Uhuru: Youth identity and generational

politics in Kenya’s Kenya’s 2002 elections,” 105 African Affairs 418.

3. Kagwanja, Peter Mwangi (2003) “Facing Mount Kenya of facing Mecca? The Mungiki,

ethnic violence and politics of the Moi succession in Kenya, 1987-2002,” African Affairs

25-24.

43

4. Katumanga, Musambayi (2010) “Militarized spaces and the post-2007 election violence,”

in Kanyinga and Duncan Okelo (eds) Tension and Reversals in Democratic Transition;

The Kenya 2007 General Elections. (Publisher, city)

5. Ben Sihanya (2014) “Constitutional questions on Security Governance in Kenya, 1963-

2014,” at a Joint Symposium between the University of Nairobi and USIU at the United

International University - Africa (USIU) on the Government Approach to Security from a

Constitutional Perspective, Nairobi on June 20, 2014. (Presenter and Co-ordinator)

6. Kagari, Michele, “The Kenya Police Service Strategic Plan 20003-2007: A commentary,”

Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI) at

http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/aj/police/ea/articles/strategic_plan_analys

is.pdf (accessed 29/2/2012).

7. Bonn International Center for Conversion (2005) “Security Sector Reform in Kenya,”

Inventory of security sector reform (SSR) efforts in partner countries of German

development assistance, Bonn International Center for Conversion, Bonn, at

htttp://www.ssrnetwork.net/document (accessed 1/2/2012).

8. E.S. Atieno Odhiambo (2004) “Ethnic cleansing and civil society in Kenya 1969-1992,”

22:1 Journal of Contemporary African Studies 29-42

Statutes and Regulations

1. National Police Service Commission Act (No 30 of 2011)

2. National Police Service Act (No 11A of 2011)

3. Counter Trafficking in Persons Act (No 8 of 2010)

4. Prevention of Organised Crimes Act (No. 6 of 2010)

5. Proceeds of Crime and Anti-Money Laundering Act (No. 9 of 2009)

6. Biosafety Act (No. 2 of 2009)

7. International Crimes Act, 2008 (No. 16 of 2008)

8. National Police Service Commission, No. 30 of 2011

9. Fugitive Offenders Pursuit, Cap. 87

10. Prisons Act, Cap 90

11. Borstal Institutions Act, Cap 92

12. Armed Forces Act, Cap 199

13. Kenya Regiment (Territorial Forces), Cap 200

14. Armed Forces (Out of Bounds Areas), Cap 202

15. Protected Areas Act, Cap 204

16. National Youth Service Act, Cap 208

http://www.kenyalaw.org/klr/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/NationalPoliceServiceCommissionAct_2011.doc

http://www.kenyalaw.org/klr/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/NationalPoliceServiceAct%2C2011.PDF

http://www.kenyalaw.org/klr/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/CounterTraffickin_PersonsAct2010.doc

http://www.kenyalaw.org/klr/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/Prevention_of_Organised_Crimes_Act__2010.doc

http://www.kenyalaw.org/klr/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/ProceedsofCrimeandAnti-MoneyLaunderingAct_2009.pdf

http://www.kenyalaw.org/klr/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/InternationalCrimesAct_No16_of_2008_.doc

http://www.kenyalaw.org/kenyalaw/klr_app/view_cap.php?CapID=698








44

18. Biosafety Act, Cap 2

19. Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Act, Cap 6

20. Armed Forces Act, Cap 199

21. Kenya Defence Forces Act, No. 25 of 2012.

22. The Security Laws(Amendment)Act, Kenya Gazette Supplement No.167 (Acts No.19)

Essential cases

1. Hon. Nicholas Kiyator Biwott Kiprono v. In the Matter of the Report by the Judicial

Commission of Inquiry into tribal clashes in Kenya, Misc App No. 1269 of 2002.

2. ICC Pre-trial Chamber II (2012) The Decision on the Confirmation of Charges Pursuant

to Article 61(7) (a) and (b) of the Rome Statute; Appeals from this decision and outcome.

3. Coalition for Reform and Democracy (CORD) & Another v. Republic of Kenya &

another [2015] eKLR, Petition No.s 628 & 630 of 2014 (Consolidated)

Secondary readings

1. Ghai, Yash (1993) “Constitution and governance in Africa: A prolegomenon” in Sammy

Adelman & Abdul Paliwala (eds) Law and Crisis in the Third world,” Hans Zell

Publishers, London, 51-75.

2. Kagwanja, Peter Mwangi (2001) “Politics of marrionettes extra-legal violence and the

1997 elections in Kenya,” in Marcel Rutten, Alamin Mazrui & Francois Grignon (eds)

Out for the Count; The 1997 General Elections and Prospects for Democracy in Kenya.

3. KNCHR (2008) On the Brink of Precipice: A Human Rights Account of Kenya‘s Post

Election Violence, KNCHT, Nairobi.

4. Margaret Gathoni Gecaga (2007) “Religious movements and democratisation in Kenya:

Between the sacred and the profane,” in Godwin R. Murunga & Shadrack W. Nasong’o

(eds) The Struggle for Democracy, Zed Books, London & NY, 58-89 (Chap.3).

5. Mutahi, Patrick (2005) “Political violence in the elections,” in Herve Maupeu,

Katumanga, Musambayi & Winnie Mitullah (eds) The Moi Succession Elections 2002…

6. Norrie, Alan W. (1993) “Criminal justice, the rule of law and human emancipation: a

historical comparative survey,” in Sammy Adelman & Abdul Paliwala (eds) Law and

Crisis in the Third world, ” Hans Zell Publishers, London, 76-101 (Chap.4).

7. NEMU (1992) The Report of the National Election Monitoring Unit on The Multi-Party

General Elections in Kenya, 29 December 1992.


45

8. Throup, David & Charles Hornsby (1998) Multy-party Politics in Kenya: The Kenya &

Moi States and the Triumph of the System in the 1992.

9. Wamue, Grace Nyatugah (2001) “Revisiting our indigenous shrines through

Mungiki,”African Affairs at 453-467.

10. Ben Sihanya “Administering security and integrity in Kenya’s presidential elections1969-

2013,” Law Society of Kenya (LSK), presentation to the Law Society of Kenya (LSK)

Annual Conference, Leisure Lodge Beach & Golf Resort, 15-19 August, 2012, Mombasa,

on Integrity & Leadership: Managing the Electoral Process.

Government reports

1. Republic of Kenya, The Kenya Police Service: Strategic Plan 2003-2007, Draft 2, at

http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/program/a/police/ea/articles/draft (accessed

28/2/2012).

2. Republic of Kenya (2009) Report of the National Task Force on Police Reforms,

Government Printers, Nairobi(Philip Ransley Report)

3. Republic of Kenya (1999) The Commission of Inquiry Report of the Judicial Commission

Appointed to Inquire into Tribal Clashes in Kenya Government Printers, Nairobi(The

Justice A.M. Akiwumi Report).

4. Republic of Kenya (2008) Report of the Commission of Inquiry into the Post Election

Violence, October 2008, Government Printer, Nairobi.

5. Republic of Kenya (2007) Report of the Independent Review on Election Committee on

General Elections of the December 27, 2007 Government Printers, Nairobi.

6. Republic of Kenya (2003) Report of the Committee to Recommend (?) the establishment

of the Truth Justice and Reconciliation Commission (TJRC) Government Printer

(26/8/2008)

Class 10C: The “Fourth Arm” of Government? Commissions and Independent Offices: At

national, county and other subnational units Cf. administrative and quasi-judicial

tribunals (Same time 10B)

• Is there a fourth arm of Government? Commissions…. Mention briefly but don’t discuss

media, civil society organizations (NGOs ...) which are loosely regarded as the 5th and 6th

arms of government.

• What are the commissions and independent offices and how are they placed in the power

structure? What role do they have in service delivery and resource sharing under 2010

Constitution and practice?

• Typology of the constitutional and statutory commissions, and independent offices or

tribunals.

46

• Mandates, structure, operations, actors: Constitutional and statutory commissions,

independent offices, quasi-judicial tribunals (e.g. Commissions of Inquiry; Industrial

Property Tribunal (IPT), Competent Authority (Copyright Tribunal), Rent Restriction

Tribunal, Business Premises Tribunal; task forces; working parties and communities

• How do commissions relate to the presidency? and office of the president generally? to the

administrative bureaucracy? Cf. travel clearance question February 2013.

• Government by commissions of inquiry? by task forces?

• On the foregoing issues, compare the constitutional law and practice in USA, UK, Nigeria,

Uganda, SA, Egypt, Ivory Coast … esp. regarding commissions and independent offices.

Essential readings

1. Ben Sihanya (2013) “Constitutional Commissions in Kenya: Experiences, Challenges and

Lessons,” Presentation at Conference on State Implementation of the Constitution since

2010 at Laico Regency, November 20, 2013, at http://www.fes-

kenya.org/media/publications/Constitutional%20Commissions%20-

%20Prof.%20Ben%20Sihanya.pdf, (accessed 12/2/2020); Chapter 8 in Ben Sihanya

(forthcoming 2018) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa Vol. 1: Tribalism,

Elections, Governance, Human Rights, the Rule of Law, and Due Process in Kenya and

Africa: Ben Sihanya’s Essays, 1989-2016, Innovative Lawyering & Sihanya Mentoring,

Nairobi and Siaya.


Martin’s Press, New York, Chap VII, 175-214.

3. Jackton B. Ojwang (1990) Constitutional Development in Kenya: Institutional

Adaptation and Social Change African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS), Nairobi,

Chapter 5.

4. Jelvas Musau (2005) “Limitation of executive powers: delinking the civil service from

the executive,” in Morris Odhiambo, Osogo Ambani, & Winnie V. Mitullah (eds)

Informing a Constitutional Moment: Essays on Constitution Reforming Kenya

Claripress, Nairobi.

5. Steve Schwalbe, “Independent commissions: their history, utilization and effectiveness,”

NASPAA Initiatives, Volume 5, at

http://www.naspaa.org/initiatives/paa/pdf/Steve_Schwalbe.pdf (accessed 15/3/ 2011). 6. Mike Rowe & Laura McAllister (2006) “The roles of commissions of inquiry in the

policy process,” Public Policy and Administration

7. Harrison Moore (1913) “Executive commissions of inquiry,” Vol. 13 No. 6 Columbia

Law Review, pp. 500-523.

Constitutional and juridical instruments

1. Constitution of Kenya 2010

2. Uganda Constitution 1995; 2005 (as amended)

http://www.fes-kenya.org/media/publications/Constitutional%20Commissions%20-%20Prof.%20Ben%20Sihanya.pdf



47

3. Independent Offices (Appointment) Act, 2011

4. Commission for the Implementation of the Constitution 2010

5. NGO Coordination Act, 1990 (as amended)

6. Commission on Administrative Justice Act, 2011

7. National Land Commission Act No.5 of 2012

8. Teachers Service Commission Act No. 20 of 2012

9. Judicial Service Commission Act No. 1 of 2012

10. Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission Act No. 9 of 2011

11. Salaries and Remuneration Commission Act Cap 5F, Revised Edition 2013 [2012]

12. National Police Service Commission Act No. 30 of 2011

13. Public Service Commission Act No. 13 of 2012

Class 11: Political Parties, CSOs or PBOs and the Media in National Elections, in

Constitutional Democracy and Government, including public participation and

representation through electoral process, service delivery and public administration

• Public participation, representation and the public interest in Kenya.

• The question of representation and participation in socio-economic and political life and

processes (intrinsic value and instrumental utility).

• Law and rules on joining, forming and supporting political parties.

• A branch of the Executive or Presidency? Parliament? Or an agency, an organization sui

generis?

• Role of political parties in constitutional government: party manifestos;

Parties in the recruitment of political leadership

Parties in policy making

Parties in policy implementation and review.

• Definition of political party

• Political parties and party constitutions, parties’ juridical instruments in the US, UK, Nigeria,

South Africa, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Egypt and Kenya historically and currently:5

• Party profile (de jure and de facto) in Kenya since independence

• Party structure and organization; (offices and official; “mainstream,” youth, women…

• party programmes and activities

• party nomination and electoral processes

1. Election of party officials

2. Party nomination rules and procedures: e.g. party presidential

nomination 1964-69, (Ford Kenya v. Ford Asili; ODM-K: ODM K v.

ODM; ODM 2012; KANU, TNA, UDF, ANC, JP, small parties 2013

3. Party nomination of other candidates: Senate, gubernatorial, women’s

rep, county assembly rep

4. Campaign finances; sources, expenditure, limits…

5. Party funding; campaign finance in nominations; in elections.…

5 See Political Party Constitutions and Parties’ Juridical Instruments at the beginning of this course outline.

48

6. Role of RPP, IEBC and courts in party nominations and elections;

regulations, conduction of nominations? (Politically embroiled and

partisan? hence can’t entertain appeals…?)

Can High Court review nomination process after elections by way of

remedy?

• Party discipline – caution, censure, warning, suspension, expulsion; resignation or

defection; false entries of members (2012, 2013).

• Candidates for (party and) national General Elections must resign by? Cf. for bye-

elections.

• Role of media and CSOs in party nominations and elections; national elections- reporting;

community; agenda setting; opinion shaper; contextualizing; sponsoring or conducting

opinion polls…. (cf. role of media & CSOs in US elections).

• Major reforms necessary under the Constitution of Kenya 2010, the Political Parties Act

(PPA), 2011, Elections Act 2011, IEBC Act 2011…. to secure: efficient and equitable

political party processes, including party formation, organization, administration and

management, contribution to policy making and constitutional government, general and

party elections, discipline… Cf. relevant laws and party constitutions from US, Uganda,

China, S. Africa, Nigeria, Egypt, Ivory Coast …

• Lessons from other jurisdictions: Does Kenya have space for the more than 100, or for 4,

3 or 2 parties? (cf. dual partyism in the US and UK up to 2009; 3rd party politics in the UK

post 2009)

• Dominant party systems e.g. Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt...cf. Ivory Coast, Senegal.

Kenya: read constitutions and instruments of ODM, PNU (alliance?), ODM-K, NARC Kenya,

KANU, Ford-K; CORD Coalition, Jubilee Coalition….

Essential readings


Martin’s Press, New York, Chaps X & XI, 298-353.

2. Crawford Young (1976) The Politics of Cultural Pluralism, University of Wisconsin

Press, Madison, Wisconsin; Larry Diamond & Richard Gunther (eds) (2001) Political

Parties and Democracy, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. (on a

typology of political parties)

3. Nicolas van de Walle (2003) “Presidentialism and clientelism in Africa’s emerging party

systems,” Vol. 41 No. 2 The Journal of Modern African Studies, pp. 297-321

4. J.B. Ojwang & P.N. Okowa (1989) “The one-party state and due process of law: the

Kenya case in comparative perspective,” 1 African Journal of International and

Comparative Law, pp. 177-205.

5. J.B. Ojwang (1984) “State and party: interdependence of the two constitutions,” Nairobi

University Law Journal, pp. 60-68.

49

6. Ingrid van Biezen & Petr Kopecký(2007) “The State and the parties: public funding,

public regulation and rent-seeking in contemporary democracies,”Journal of Party

Politics Vol. 13. No.2 pp. 235–254.

7. Rodney Smith & Anika Gauja (2010) “Understanding party constitutions as responses to

specific challenges,” Journal of Party Politics Vol. 16. No. 6, 755–775.

8. Matthijs Bogaards (2004) “Counting parties and identifying dominant party systems in

Africa,” European Journal of Political Research Vol. 43, 173–197

9. Adams Oloo (2010) “Party mobilisation and membership; old and new identities in

Kenyan Politics,” in Kanyinga & Okello Tensions and Reversals in Democratic

Transitions: The Kenya 2007 General Elections Society for International Development

(SID) & University of Nairobi Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Nairobi, 31-59.

10. Fredrick Wanyama (2010) “Voting without institutionalized political parties and

primaries, manifesto and 2007 General elections in Kenya in Kanyinga & Okello q.v. pp.

61-100.


Constitution: theory, process and reforms,” Vol 9 (1) (2013) Law Society of Kenya


in Kenya and Africa Vol. 1: Tribalism, Elections, Governance, Human Rights, the Just

Rule of Law, and Due Process in Kenya and Africa: Ben Sihanya’s Essays, 1989-2016,


12. Ben Sihanya (2013) “Constitutional implementation in Kenya, 2010-2015: challenges

and prospects,” A study under the auspices of the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES),

Occasional Paper No. 5 , Nairobi, January 2013, ISBN: 9966-957-20-0, Chapter 4 in Ben

Sihanya (forthcoming 2020) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa Vol. 1:

Tribalism, Elections, Governance, Human Rights, the Just Rule of Law, and Due Process

in Kenya and Africa: Ben Sihanya’s Essays, 1989-2016, Innovative Lawyering &

Sihanya Mentoring, Nairobi and Siaya.

13. Mutahi Ngunyi (2013) “Tyranny of numbers,” Citizen News, 6/2/2013, at,

http://citizennews.co.ke/news/2012/local/item/7731-the-tyranny-of-numbers(accessed

1/3/2013).

14. Wachira Maina (2013)“ Investigating Ngunyi’s tyranny of numbers,”the Star, 26/2/2013,

at,http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/article-109501/investigating-ngunyis-tyranny-numbers

(accessed 1/3/2013).

15. Mutahi Ngunyi (2017) “Why Tyranny of Numbers is Dead” The Standard, Nairobi,

8/1/2017 at https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000229076/why-tyranny-of-

numbers-is-dead (accessed on 14/1/2017).

16. Ben Sihanya (2013) “Rationale, Policy, and Legislative Road Map on Kenya’s Access to

Information Bill 2014,” a presentation to the Editors’ Guild on the nexus between media

freedom, freedom of expression and freedom of information, organized by the

International Commission for Jurists (ICJ) Kenya and Media Council, at Simba Lodge,

Naivasha on October 11, 2014.

Essential cases

http://citizennews.co.ke/news/2012/local/item/7731-the-tyranny-of-numbers

http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/article-109501/investigating-ngunyis-tyranny-numbers

https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000229076/why-tyranny-of-numbers-is-dead

https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000229076/why-tyranny-of-numbers-is-dead

50

1. Suits involving KANU and Moi, etc regarding nomination or election of candidates by or

under KANU sponsorship

2. Mumbi Ngaru & Lawrence Gumbe v. DP, Mwai Kibaki; (intra and inter party questions

in running the NARC coalition)

Secondary readings

1. Ben Sihanya (2018) “Media and Devolution under the Kenyan Constitution,” Chapter 12

in Ben Sihanya (forthcoming 2018) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa Vol.

1: Tribalism, Elections, Governance, Human Rights, the Just Rule of Law, and Due

Process in Kenya and Africa: Ben Sihanya’s Essays, 1989-2016, Innovative Lawyering

& Sihanya Mentoring, Nairobi and Siaya.

2. Ben Sihanya (2018) “The contribution of academia and civil society in development

policy making & budgetary processes,” Chapter 11 in Ben Sihanya (forthcoming 2020)




Siaya.

3. Ben Sihanya (2018) “Presidential election and transition in 2017 and beyond: Electoral

justice, popular sovereignty and the secession debate,” forthcoming article in the Law

Society of Kenya Journal & Chapter 14 in Ben Sihanya (forthcoming 2020)




Siaya

4. J. Oloka Onyango “Uganda’s “Benevolent” Dictatorship,” A Journal of Contemporary

World Affairs, pp. 212-216.

5. Nelson Kasfir& Stephen Hippo Twebaze “The rise and ebb of Uganda’s No-Party

Parliament,” in “Legislative Power in Emerging African Democracies” (Chap 3) pp. 73-

108, (Joel D. Barkan ed.), Lynn Rienner Publishers, London.

6. JPWB McAuslan (1969) “Succession and election in East Africa,” Vol.2 Dec. 1969, No.

3 East African Law Review: A Journal of Law and Development 269-300.

7. Isaac Ahmed Hassan (2011) “Politics of boundaries, elections and representation under

the constitution of Kenya 2010: realities, challenges and opportunities,” Paper presented

at a conference covered by Friedrich Ebert Stiftung and University of Nairobi

[Department of Political Science], Nairobi Safari Cub, November 29-30

51

8. Vicky Randall & Lars Svåsand (2001) “Political parties and democratic consolidation in

Africa,” Paper for ECPR Joint Sessions of Workshops, Grenoble, April 6-11, 2001:

Workshop on Parties, party systems and democratic consolidation in the Third World

9. Alan Ware (1996) “Parties in government,” in Alan Ware Political Parties and Party

Systems, Chapter 12, Oxford University Press

10. Joseph Lapalombara & Jeffrey Anderson (1992) “Political parties,” in Mary

Hawkesworth & Maurice Kogan (eds) Encyclopedia of Government and Politics vol. I

chap. 25 pp. 393 – 412 Routledge, London

11. Mahmood Mamdani (1995) “The politics of democratic reform in contemporary

Uganda,” in The Politics in Democratic Reform in Uganda, East African Journal of Peace

& Human Rights vol. 2:1 pp. 91-101

12. Akiiki Mujaju “The status of the Democratic Party in the politics of the National

Resistance Movement,” in East African Journal of Peace & Human Rights vol. 2:2 pp.

236-247 (also Class 13B)

13. Ben Sihanya (2013) “Applying and enforcing fourth generation rights under the

Constitution of Kenya” Presented at the State Counsel Workshop at Great Rift Valley

Bridge, Naivasha, September 12, 2014.

14. Christopher Gitari Ndung’u (ed) (n.d.; 2008?) Election Petition Case Digest ICJ-Kenya,

Nairobi.

15. Claude Ake (2000) The Feasibility of Democracy in Africa, Codesria, Dakar.

Class 12A: Civil, Political, Social and Economic and Cultural Rights under the

Constitution in Kenya and Africa (same date as 12B)

• Typology and practice of rights: 1st, 2nd, 3rd generation rights

• International law (esp. on 2nd& 3rd generation rights) in the Kenyan Constitution 2010

• International human rights and criminal law under the Constitution of Kenya 2010; the

International Criminal Court (ICC) process v. Kenyan law (very briefly)

• Implementing and enforcing 3rd generation rights:

• Health (cf. right to life; positive and negative; abortion issues …)

The right to health services under Constitution of Kenya 2010 & the draft Health Bill

• Access to health care, right to health (Art. 43 (2), 46(c), the nature, context and

scope of patients and public rights including curative and preventive health.

• The rights and privileges of doctors and health workers

• The functions and duties of doctors and other health workers.

• Implementing the constitution on the right to health; patients’ and doctors’

interests.

52

• Food rights, food security and food administration

1. Conceptualising food rights, food security & food administration

1.1 Components of food security

1.2 Status of food security under the specific components

2. Right to food

2.1 Constitutional text

2.2 Constitutional meaning under mischief rule

2.3 Constitutional meaning under golden rule

2.4 Whose duty?

3. Right to food under statute

3.1 Whose duty?

3.2 Powers and functions in food security under national government

3.3 Powers and functions in food security under county government

4. Local level food security policies and implementation – including household

practices on productivity and effects on availability.

- Access to relevant resources (seeds, fertilizer, other inputs)

- Access to extension and related services

• Education

• Right to security? (Discussed in detail in Class 9B(Administration and regulation of

safety, security and criminal justice in Kenya)

• Cf. Constitution of Kenya 2010 on the above

• Lessons from USA, UK, Sweden on implementation.

• Lessons from South African, Nigeria, and Ugandan constitutional and social welfare systems

Essential readings


Martin’s Press, New York, Chaps X, XI, XII, 298-391.


Constitution: theory, process and reforms,” Vol 9 (1) (2013) Law Society of Kenya


in Kenya and Africa Vol. 1: Tribalism, Elections, Governance, Human Rights, the Rule of

Law, and Due Process in Kenya and Africa: Ben Sihanya’s Essays, 1989-2016,


3. H.W.O. Okoth-Ogendo (1974) “National implementation of international responsibility:

some thoughts on human rights in Africa” 10 East African Law Journal 1.


Press, New York (2nd ed.), q.v., Chapter XIII

53

5. Ben Sihanya (2013) “Applying and enforcing fourth generation rights under the

Constitution of Kenya,” Presentation at the State Counsel Workshop at Great Rift Valley

Bridge, Naivasha, September 12, 2014.

6. Ben Sihanya (2006) Constitutional Political Economy of Ethnic Inequality and Poverty in

Kenya, 1963-2006 and Beyond: Human Rights, Class Formation and Development a

study under the auspices of Society for International Development (SID), on file at

Innovative Lawyering, q.v. (also Class 11B)

7. Truphena Oduol (2006) “Towards the making of education policy in Kenya: Conclusions

and implications,” pp. 466 – 479

8. B.M. Makau (1995) “Dynamics of partnership in the provision of general education in

Kenya,” in Joseph Sermboja & Ole Thrkildesen (eds) q.v. pp.87-104 (Chapter 5)

9. Patricia Kameri-Mbote & Kithure Kindiki (2008) “Trouble in Eden: How and why

unresolved land issues landed peaceful Kenya in trouble in 2008, Forum for

Developmental Studies No. 2, 167-193.

10. Yash Ghai (2010) “Chimera of constitutionalism: State, economy, and society in Africa”

in Swati Deva (2010) Law and (In) Equalities: Contemporary perspectives. Lucknow,

India: Eastern Book Company pp. 313-331.

11. Okoth-Ogendo, HWO, “Governance beyond government….” (also Class 3B).

12. Craig Scott & Patrick Macklem (1992) “Constitutional ropes of sand or justiciable

guarantees? Social rights in a New South African Constitution,” University of

Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 141, No. 1, pp. 1-148.

13. Linda Stewart (2009) “Adjudicating Socio-Economic Rights Under a Transformative

Constitution,” Penn State International Law Review Vol. 28 No. 3 pp.487-512

14. Cass R. Sunstein (2003) “Why does the American Constitution lack social and economic

Guarantees?” Public Law and Legal Theory Working Paper No. 36University of Chicago

Essential cases

1. Centre for Rights Education & Awareness (CREAW) v Attorney General & Another

[2015], Petition 182 of 2015, eKLR

2. Centre for Rights Education and Awareness (CREAW) & 8 Others v. Attorney-General &

Another (2012) Petition No. 207 & 208 of 2012, eKLR

3. Centre for Rights Education and Awareness (CREAW) & 7 Others v. Attorney-General,

Petition No. 16 of 2011 (2011) eKLR.

54

4. Centre for Rights Education & Awareness (CREAW) & 8 Others v. Attorney-General &

Another (2012) eKLR.

5. C.K. (a child) through Ripples International as her guardian and Next Friend & 11

Others v. Commissioner of Police/Inspector General of the National Police & 3 Others

(2013) eKLR.

6. Patricia Asero Ochieng’, Maurine Atieno and Joseph Munyi v. The Republic (2010).

7. Kenya AIDS Society v. Arthur Obel [1997] LLR 598.

8. Government of the Republic of South Africa v. Grootboom (2000) (11) BCLR 1169 (CC).

Reproduced in Vicki C. Jackson & Mark Tushnet (2006) Comparative Constitutional

Law, Foundation Press, New York, q.v., at 1671-1684 (2nd ed).

9. Minister of Health v. Treatment Action Campaign (2002)(10) BCLR 1033

(CC)Reproduced in Vicki C. Jackson & Mark Tushnet (2006) Comparative

Constitutional Law, Foundation Press, New York, q.v., at 1684-1701 (2nd ed).

10. Gratz v. Bollinger 539 US 244 (2003) (University of Michigan’s undergrad affirmative

action in admission policy)

11. Regents of the University of California v.Bakke 438 US 265 (1978) (University of

California affirmative action policy on admission).

12. Soobramoney v. Minister of Health Kwazulu-Natal (1997) 12 BCLR 1696

(CC)(excerpted in Jackson & Tushnet, q.v.

Secondary readings

1. Herman Schwartz (1995) “Do economic and social rights belong in a constitution?” 10

American University Journal of International Law and Policy, p. 1233.

2. Ben Sihanya (2012) “The right to health care services under Constitution of Kenya 2010

and the Draft Health Bill, 2011” presentation to doctors, clinicians, nurses and other

health workers conference on the Draft Health Bill, 2011 on Saturday, January 28, 2012,

Maweni Cottages, Mombasa, (Think Piece, Issue paper, working paper).

3. Ben Sihanya (2012) “Administering and regulating security in presidential elections in

Kenya: Exploratory issues paper presented at the Society for International Development

(SID) workshop on national security.

4. Ben Sihanya (2018) “Media and Devolution under the Kenyan Constitution,” Chapter 12

in Ben Sihanya (forthcoming 2020) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa Vol.

1: Tribalism, Elections, Governance, Human Rights, the Just Rule of Law, and Due

55

Process in Kenya and Africa: Ben Sihanya’s Essays, 1989-2016, Innovative Lawyering

& Sihanya Mentoring, Nairobi and Siaya.

Class 12B: The Land Question in Kenya’s Constitutional Process in Comparative context

(same date as 12A)

- Land as an existential question.

- Land grabbing by certain families at independence?

- Land as a technical question.

- Land as a political, constitutional question: equity, land use…

- The land subsequent to 2005: Coastal land question, Maasai land question, Kalenjin land

question, Kikuyu land question

- Nairobi urban land question (land grabbing, hoarding, speculation)

- Lamu and Turkana land questions (speculation).

- General Kenya land question- registration, fragmentation, compulsory acquisition,

compensation….

Readings

5. H. W. O. Okoth-Ogendo (1991) Tenants of the Crown: The Evolution of Agrarian Law

and Institutions in Kenya, ACTS Press, Nairobi.

6. Yash Pal Ghai & Jill Cottrell Ghai (2013) Ethnicity, Nationhood and Pluralism: Kenyan

Perspectives, Global Centre for Pluralism, Ottawa & Katiba Institute, Nairobi.

7. Calestous Juma & J.B Ojwang (eds) (1996) In Land We Trust-Environment Private

Property and Constitutional Change, ACTS Press, Nairobi.

8. Smokin Wanjala (2000) Essays on Land Law: The Reform Debate in Kenya, Faculty of

Law, University of Nairobi.

9. Ben Sihanya (2018) “Implementation, enforcement, reversals and reforms in the quest for

Constitutional Democracy in Kenya,” Chapter 13 in Ben Sihanya (forthcoming 2020)




Siaya.

10. Ben Sihanya (2010) “Reconstructing the Kenyan Constitution and State, 1963-2010:

lessons from English, American German and African constitutionalism;” thoroughly

revised version of the one published in Law Society of Kenya Journal in 2010, q.v.

,Chapter 2 in Ben Sihanya (forthcoming 2020) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and

Africa Vol. 1: Tribalism, Elections, Governance, Human Rights, the Just Rule of Law,

and Due Process in Kenya and Africa: Ben Sihanya’s Essays, 1989-2016, Innovative

Lawyering & Sihanya Mentoring, Nairobi and Siaya.

11. Patricia Kameri-Mbote (2009) “Monsanto vs. Schmeiser: Implications for Land Rights of

Kenyan Farmers,” in Moni Wekesa & Bernard Sihanya (ed.) Intellectual Property Rights

in Kenya, Konrad Adenauer Foundation, Nairobi, 109-131.

56

12. Patricia Kameri-Mbote (2009) “The Land Question in Kenya: Legal and Ethical

Dimensions,” in Governance: Institutions and the Human Condition, Strathmore

University and Law Africa, Nairobi, 219-246.

13. Republic of Kenya, Sessional paper Number 3 of 2009 on National Land Policy

(Government Printer, August, 2009)

14. The Commission of inquiry into existing land law and tenure systems (Njonjo

Commission Report), 2002

15. Report of the Commission of Inquiry into the Illegal/Irregular Allocation of Public Land

(Ndung’u Commission Report), 2004

16. Report of the Commission of Inquiry into Tribal Clashes in Kenya (Akiwumi

Commission), 2002.

Class 13A: Constitutional Implementation in Kenya and Africa in comparative context:

concepts, doctrine, theory, policy, administrative processes and practice (same date as 13B)

• Constitutional interpretation; construction, translations: What materials do scholars,

administrators, students… interpret, construct or translate? Text (what is it?) judicial

decisions (what of extra judicial statements?); academic or juristic authority; anecdotes.

How are these materials treated in Kenya, USA, UK, Germany, China, Kenya?

Text in Kenya: table of contents, preamble, relevant clauses, schedules, how are these to

be interpreted (e.g. in case of conflict…)

• Methodology: American methodology of text, structure, history (or practice); English

methodology of plain meaning, golden rule, mischief rule.

• Translation: fidelity in translation; in construction

• Designing constitutional implementation

• How does constitutional implementation differ from normal administration and

enforcement?

• What are the major organs of implementation?

• What are the major laws, policies, programmes, institutions and administrative structures

that require review and realignment?

• Discuss Constitution Implementation Commission’s (CIC’s) checklist, programme of

action or work plan and activities in the transitional phase. Cf. MOJNCCA’s.

• What are the crucial timelines for effective, efficient and equitable implementation?

(Relate to core themes discussed in this class: covered by the Constitution of Kenya

2010; and debated in Kenya historically and currently).

• Civic education and the development of a constitutional culture; cf. constitutional

consciousness in the US, in Kenya since the 1990s.

Essential readings

1. George Kegoro (2011) “The new Constitution: Judicial reforms one year later” A study

under the auspices of the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) and University of Nairobi’s

Department of Political Science & Public Administration, Occasional Paper Series,

Nairobi, presented at the FES and UoN workshop, Nairobi Safari Club, November 2011.

57

2. Sihanya, Ben (2013) “Constitutional implementation in Kenya, 2010-2015: challenges

and prospects,” A study under the auspices of the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES),

Occasional Paper No. 5 , Nairobi, January 2013, ISBN: 9966-957-20-0, at,

http://www.innovativelawyering.com/attachments/article/19/FES%20Occassional%20Pa

per5%20inside%20pages%20artworks.pdf (accessed 1/3/2013), Chapter 5 in Ben

Sihanya (forthcoming 2020) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa Vol. 1:

Tribalism, Elections, Governance, Human Rights, the Rule of Law, and Due Process in

Kenya and Africa: Ben Sihanya’s Essays, 1989-2016, Innovative Lawyering & Sihanya

Mentoring, Nairobi and Siaya.

3. Lawrence Lessig (1993) “Fidelity in translation,” 71 Texas Law Review, 1165, q.v.







Innovative Lawyering & Sihanya Mentoring, Nairobi and Siaya.(also Class4, 5, & 9A).

5. Sonny Mwanko (2004) “Institutional paradigm and the management of transitions: A

sub-Saharan perspective,” Int. Journal of Social Economics, Vol.31, No.112, pp 111-130.

6. H.W.O. Okoth-Ogendo, (2007) “Power in the quest of constitutional order,” 7th Hekima

Theological Week Lecture, Catholic University of Eastern Africa.

7. Ann Seidman & Robert Seidman (2006) “Legal drafting for democratic social change and

development,” in Muna Ndulo (ed) Democratic Reform in Africa: Its Impact on

Governance and Poverty Alleviation James Currey, Oxford & Ohio University Press,

Athens.

Essential Cases

1. Commission for the Implementation of the Constitution v. National Assembly of Kenya &

2 Others (2013) eKLR.

2. Federation of Women Lawyers Kenya (FIDA-K) & 5 Others v. Attorney-General &

Another (2011) eKLR

Essential instruments

1. Constitution of Kenya 2010;

2. Constitution of Kenya Act, No. 5 of 1969;

3. National Accord and Reconciliation Act (NARA) of 2008;

4. Constitution of Kenya (Amendment) Act No. 1 of 2008.

Secondary readings

http://www.innovativelawyering.com/attachments/article/19/FES%20Occassional%20Paper5%20inside%20pages%20artworks.pdf

http://www.innovativelawyering.com/attachments/article/19/FES%20Occassional%20Paper5%20inside%20pages%20artworks.pdf

58

1. Kathurima M’Inoti, “The impact of English legal principles on constitutional litigation in

Kenya,”at

http://www.theunlj.com/files/The%20Impact%20of%20English%20Legal%20Principles

%20on%20Constitutional%20Litigation%20in%20Kenya..15.pdf(accessed 28/2/2012).

2. Stephen Ndegwa (1997) “Citizenship and ethnicity: an examination of two transition

moments in Kenya politics,” 91 American Political Science Review, 599.

3. Lauren Ploch (2010) “Nigeria” CRS report for Congress…

4. Irma Kroeze (2001) “Doing things with values: the role of constitutional interpretation,”

Stellenbosch Law Review 265-276. (also Class 3A)

5. Nic Borain (2007) “SA presidential transition: Who can pass through the eye of the

needle?,” at http://nicborain.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/microsoft-word-

successionfinal2007.pdf (accessed 29/4/2011)

6. Ted Dagne (2006) “Nigeria in political transition” Congressional Research Service

7. Final report of the Task Force on Devolved Government in Kenya (also Class 12A)

8. Other reports on Constitution implementation; newspaper articles, e.g.by recognized

authorities, Ghai etc on constitutional implementation…

D. Akiiki Mujaju “The status of the Democratic Party in the politics of the national

resistance movement,” in East African Journal of Peace & Human Rights vol. 2:2 pp.

236-247 (also Class 10)

9. Ben Sihanya (2011) “The Judiciary and constitutionalism under the 2010 Constitution,”

Sunday Standard (Nairobi) April 11, 2011.

10. Ben Sihanya (2011)“Serious cybercrime has gone viral and government must seek ways

to fight it,” Daily Nation (Nairobi) Friday April 7.( originally, “Confronting cyber crime

in Kenya”)

11. Ben Sihanya (2011) “Unlike in the past, policy-making an integral part of the new

constitution” Daily Nation (Nairobi), Friday March 25. (Originally, “Policy making in

Kenya under the new Constitution”)

12. Ben Sihanya (2011) “Evolving nature of the presidency and what we should expect in the

future,” Daily Nation (Nairobi), March 8. (originally, “The evolving nature of the

presidency in Kenya”)

13. Ben Sihanya (2011)“Consultations should be a device for ceasefire” Sunday Standard

(Nairobi) February 27(originally, “Consultation in the management of public affairs in

Kenya,”)

59

14. Ben Sihanya (2010) “We must facilitate new law,” The People Daily (Nairobi)

September 11, at 6. (originally, “Implementing the Constitution of Kenya 2010”)

15. Ben Sihanya (2010) “Observing rule of law will help us realize aspirations of new laws”

Sunday Standard (Nairobi), August 29, p.37; “Constitution for second Republic” The

People Daily (Nairobi), Friday, August 27, p.6; “Service and social welfare now part of

nation fabric” Daily Nation (Nairobi), August 27, p. XLIII (supplement on promulgation

of the Kenya Constitution 2010). (originally, “Reconstructing the Kenyan Constitution

and State,”).

16. Ben Sihanya (2016) “Key issues to Secure Electoral Justice in Kenya in 2017” Daily

Standard, Nairobi, August 11, 2016 at

http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000211577/key-issues-that-must-be-in-place-

for-kenya-to-secure-electoral-justice-in-the-2017-polls; also at

www.innovativelawyering.com (accessed 11/1/2017)

17. Ben Sihanya (2016) “Judges exit age ruling laudable” Standard Digital, Nairobi, June 17,

2016, at

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact

=8&ved=0ahUKEwiUh_zCnOvOAhVLvhQKHfhDCLsQFggeMAA&url=http%3A%2F

%2Fwww.standardmedia.co.ke%2Farticle%2F2000205523%2Fjudges-exit-age-ruling-

laudable&usg=AFQjCNFI-vfxHNqf8YC5xmCFKIxtlG2Omg&sig2=UP9yd-

vgnFMy2JkkqtWtDA; also at www.innovativelawyering.com (accessed 11/1/2017).

Class 13B: Constitutional Reversal, Reform and Implementation: Constitution-making,

Constitutional Review, Amendment, revision in Kenya and Africa’s Comparative

Context…(same date as 13A)

• Constitutional content

• Constitutional structure cf. design (BS to review)

• Constitutional design

• Constitutional moment and process or procedure for: amendment, review, revision making;

• Lessons from the UK, US, Nigeria, S. Africa, Ivory Coast, Senegal. Cf. Zimbabwe

• What is happening in Arab Africa in 2011? Egypt, Libya, Tunisia…

• Are these examples of constitutional stress? breakdown? or constitutional moments for

formal and sustainable constitution making or constitutional review? reconstructing the

presidency? the state? What constitutional alternatives or futures are available for these

states?

Essential readings


Martin’s Press, New York, Chaps III, XIV.

2. D.M. Davis (2003) “Constitutional borrowing: the influence of legal culture and local

history in reconstruction of comparative influence: the South African experience,”

International Journal of Constitutional Law, Vol. 1(2) 2003, pp. 181-195. (also Class 1)

60

3. Jon Elster (1995) “Forces and mechanisms in the Constitution-making process,” 45 Duke

Law Journal 364, pp. 82-101.

4. Reginald Austin (2006) “Constitution making, peace building and national

reconcilliation: Zimbabwe,” in Muna Ndulo (ed) Democratic Reform in Africa: Its

Impact on Governance and Poverty Alleviation James Currey, Oxford & Ohio University

Press, Athens

5. Ben Sihanya (2018) “Implementation, enforcement, reversals and reforms in the quest for

Constitutional Democracy in Kenya,” Chapter 13 in Ben Sihanya (forthcoming 2020)

Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa Vol. 1:Tribalism, Elections, Governance,



Siaya.

6. Donald Horowitz (1998) “Constitutional design: an oxymoron,” Presented at the Annual

Meeting of the American Society for Political and Legal Philosophy, San Francisco,

January 5-6, and at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association,

Boston, September 3-6.

7. Ben Sihanya & Duncan Okello (2010) “Mediating Kenya’s post-election crises: the

politics and limits of power sharing agreement,” in Karuti Kanyinga & Duncan Okello

(eds) Tensions and Reversals in Democratic Transitions: The Kenya 2007 General

Elections Society for International Development (SID) & University of Nairobi Institute

of Development Studies (IDS), Nairobi, 653-709, Chapter 2 in Ben Sihanya (forthcoming

2020) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and Africa Vol. 1: Tribalism, Elections,

Governance, Human Rights, the Just Rule of Law, and Due Process in Kenya and Africa:

Ben Sihanya’s Essays, 1989-2016, Innovative Lawyering & Sihanya Mentoring, Nairobi

and Siaya. (also Class 4)

8. Ben Sihanya (2010) “Reconstructing the Kenyan Constitution and State, 1963-2010:

lessons from English, American German and African constitutionalism;” thoroughly

revised version of the one published in Law Society of Kenya Journal in 2010, q.v.

,Chapter 2 in Ben Sihanya (forthcoming 2020) Constitutional Democracy in Kenya and

Africa Vol. 1: Tribalism, Elections, Governance, Human Rights, the Just Rule of Law,

and Due Process in Kenya and Africa: Ben Sihanya’s Essays, 1989-2016, Innovative

Lawyering & Sihanya Mentoring, Nairobi and Siaya. (also Class 11)

9. Okoth-Ogendo, H.W.O. (1972) “The politics of constitutional change in Kenya since

independence, 1963-1969”, Vol. 71 No. 282 African Affairs (January), pp. 9-34.

10. Daniel Kanu, Austin Oboth and Michael Jegede “Fourty-Nine Years of Constitution

Attempts,” Daily Independent (Lagos), at http://allafrica.com/stories/20090300168.html

(last accessed on April 29, 2011)

11. Yash Pal Ghai (2009) “Creating a new constitutional order: Kenya’s predicament,” in

Elizabeth W. Gachenga, Luis G. Franceschi, Migai Akech and David W. Lutz (eds) in

Governance, Institutions and the Human Condition Law Africa, Nairobi.

61

Secondary readings

1. Ulrich K. Preuss (1996) “Constitution-making and the foundation of a new polity,” in

Ulrich Preuss (1996) Constitutional Revolution: The Link between Constitutionalism and

Progress, Humanities Press, New Jersey, pp. 1-23.

2. Kirsti Samuels (2006) “Post-conflict peace-building and constitution-making,” vol. 6 No.

2 Chicago Journal of International Law.

3. R. Goodin (1997) “Constitutional design” Arena Working Papers, No. 26/97.

4. Muna Ndulo (1996) “Constitution-making in Africa,” Africa Notes.

5. Adams Oloo & Ben Sihanya (2006) “Analysis of the historical roadmap of the

Constitutional Review Process in Kenya,” May 2006, on file at Innovative Lawyering,

Sihanya Mentoring & ©Africa.

6. Willy Mutunga (1999) Constitution Making from the Middle Civil Society and Transition

Politics in Kenya, 1992-1997, Mwengo, Harare

Ben Sihanya (2018) “Presidential election and transition in 2017 and beyond: Electoral

justice, popular sovereignty and the secession debate,” forthcoming article in the Law Society

of Kenya Journal & Chapter 14 in Ben Sihanya (forthcoming 2020) Constitutional

Democracy in Kenya and Africa Vol. 1: Tribalism, Elections, Governance, Human Rights,

the Just Rule of Law, and Due Process in Kenya and Africa: Ben Sihanya’s Essays, 1989-

2016, Innovative Lawyering & Sihanya Mentoring, Nairobi and Siaya

*** Prof Ben Sihanya, JSD (Stanford) ***

University of Nairobi Law School

10.3; revised 21.3.; 26, 27, & 29.4. & 7, 8, 10/5/2011; 28/2/2012; 28/2/2013; 15/1/2014;

23/1/2015; 6/2/2016; 17/1/2017; 18/1/2017; 12/2/2018; 30/1/2019; 6/22019; 4/2/2020;

19/2/2020

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