Biology 322 Human Anatomy I Renal System. Organs of Renal System.
Comparative Anatomy E ndocrine Organs
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Transcript of Comparative Anatomy E ndocrine Organs
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Comparative AnatomyEndocrine Organs
KardongChapter 15
Part 17
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Endocrine Organs
• Ductless organs• Secrete hormones• Derived from the 3 germ layers
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Pituitary Gland
Figure 17.1. Phylogeny of the vertebrate pituitary.
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Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)
• Derived from ectoderm• Two divisions– Neurohypophysis (post. pit.)– Adenohypophysis (ant. pit.)
Figure 17.2. Anterior and posterior pituitary.
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Pituitary Gland (cont.)
• Neurohypophysis– Infundibulum of
diencephalon– Stores hormones
• Adenohypophysis – Cells evaginate away
from stomadeum – Secretes hormones– Rathke’s Pouch
Figure 17.3. Embryogenesis of the amniote pituitary .
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Caudal Neurohemal Organ• Endocrine gland unique to some fish (teleosts and elasmobranchs) • Urophysis• Neurosensory organ (releases neurosecretions = neurohormones)• Occurs at tip of tail off of spinal cord
Figure 17.4. Urophysis (caudal neurohemal organ).
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Pineal
• Derived from ectoderm• Produces melatonin– Gonadal regulator– Photoperiodism
Figure 17.5. Location of the pineal gland in the human brain.
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Figure 17.6. Adrenal gland tissue in lower vertebrates.
Derived from Mesoderm
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Figure 17.7. Adrenal gland tissue in higher vertebrates.
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Adrenal Gland (cont.)
• Adrenal cortex (steroidogenic)– Derived from
mesoderm• Adrenal medulla– Derived form
ectoderm– From neurocrest cells
(aminogenic) Figure 17.8. Cross section of adrenal gland (top) and anatomical position of the adrenal glands.
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Gonads• Derived from mesoderm
• Within kidney tissue in some ray-finned fish– Corpuscles of Stannius (inhibits calcium uptake); in large
salmon, can be 0.5 mm in diameter; also found in Amia (40-50 in number)
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Figure 17.9. Vertebrate thyroid morphology in vertebrates.
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Figure 17.10. Pancreas and islets of Langerhans.
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Endodermal Origin
• Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans
• Thyroid gland– Foramen cecum- reminant of
thyroid invagination• Bursa of Fabricius– Outpocket of cloaca– Thymus in nature
Figure 17.11. Mammalian thyroid development.
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Pharyngeal Pouches
• Derived from endoderm• Fish– Pouches 2, 3, 4, 5 (dorsal)- thymus– Pouch 5 (ventral)- ultimobranchial
bodies• Amphibians– Pouches 3, 4, 5 (dorsal)- thymus– Pouch 5 (ventral)- ultimobranchial
bodies
Figure 17.12. Contributions of the embryonic pharyngeal pouches to development of endocrine glands.
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Pharyngeal Pouches (cont.)
• Mammals– Pouches 3 & 4 (dorsal)- thymus– Pouches 3 & 4 (ventral)-
parathyroids– No ultimobranchial bodies
(incorporated directly into the thyroid as parafollicular cells – C cells)
Figure 17.13. Contributions of the embryonic pharyngeal pouches to development of endocrine glands.
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The End