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COMPARATIVE ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEMSMPA 503

LECTURE 17

AMERICAN ADMINISTRATYIVE SYSTEM

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EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION

• ESTABLISHED IN 1978• IT ATTEMPTS TO ELIMINATE

DISRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF SEX, RACE, RELIGION, COLOUR,NATIONAL ORIGON,DISABILITY OR AGE

• IT CONSISTS OF FIVE MEMBERS APPOINTED BY THE PRESIDENT FOR A TERM OF FIVE YEARS WITH APPROVAL OF THE SENATE

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CLASSIFICATIONPOSITION CLASSIFICATION AS OPPOSED TO

RANK CLASSIFICATIONBASED ON DUTIES,RESPONSIBILITIES AND

QUALIFICATIONS• PROFESSIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC• SUB PROFESSIONAL AND SUB SCIENTIFIC• CLERICAL,ADMINISTRATIVE AND FISCAL• CUSTODIAL• MECHANICAL

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CLASSIFICATION

• ACCORDING TO JOBS AND PAY SCALES FEDERAL PERSONNEL ARE GROUPED INTO 18 GENERAL SCHEDULE GRADES(GS1 TO GS18) AND ARE PART OF THE SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE CREATED IN 1978

• GS16 TO GS 18 ARE TERMED AS SUPERGRADES INVOLVED IN MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS.THEY ARE EXPERTS IN PROFESSIONAL SPECIALITY AS AGAINST THE PROFESSIONAL AMATEURS OF THE BRITISH ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM

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CLASSIFICATION

• SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE IS A BLEND OF SPECIALISTS AND GENERALISTS OUTSIDE THE REGULAR MERIT SYSTEM COVERING 9000 POLICY MAKING AND EXECUTIVE POSITIONS(EXCEPTED SERVICE)

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RECRUITMENT• THE OPM CONDUCTS CIVIL SERVICE

EXAMINATION FOR FEDERAL JOBS(PRACTICAL)• THERE IS A SYSTEM OF LATERAL ENTRY

WHICH ALLOWS FOR ENTRY AT ALL LEVELS/AGE AND FACILITATES MOVEMENT BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE ENTERPRISE

• EXAMINATIONS INCLUDE WRITTEN TESTS,ORAL TESTS,PERFORMANCE TESTS AND RANKING TESTS EVALUATING CANDIDATES ON THE BASIS OF EDUCATION, TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE

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RECRUITMENT• THERE ARE NO PRESCRIBED EDUCATIONAL

QUALIFICATIONS• RESIDENTIAL QUALIFICATION HAS TO BE

FULFILLED• CANDIDATES WHO PASS THE EXAM FOR A

PARTICULAR JOB ARE PLACED IN A LIST ACCORDING TO GRADES

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RECRUITMENT• THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF EXAMINATIONS• ASSEMBLED: SIMULTANEOUS EXAMS OF

LARGE GROUPS (WRITTEN EXAMS) TO FILL IN POSITIONS OF CLERICAL NATURE

• UNASSEMBLED: SEPARATE INDIVIDUAL TESTING WITHOUT A FORMAL EXAM THIS SELECTION FOR HIGHER POSTS IS BSED ON INTERVIEWS/TESTIMONY

• FEDERAL SERVICE ENTRANCE EXAM AND THE PROFESSIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE CAREER EXAM ARE THE TWO MAJOR EXAMS

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RECRUITMENT

• WHEN A VACANCY OCCURS IN A FEDERAL AGENCY IT IS FILLED IN BY APPOINTING OFFICER FROM AMONGST THE FIRST THREE PERSONS ON THE ELIGIBLE LIST FOR THAT JOB

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TRAINING

• PRE-ENTRY TRAINING• INTERNSHIP

(ADMINISTRATIVE/PROFESSIONAL WORK

• APPRENTICESHIP (CRAFTS/SKILLS)• OFFICE OF PERSONNEL

MANAGEMENT,FEDERAL AGENCIES, UNIVERSITIES AND SPECIALISED INSTITUTIONS ARE INVOLVED

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TRAINING

• MAXWELL SCHOOL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS(SYRACUSE)/ INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION(MICHIGAN))/SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND CIVIL ADMINISTRATION (COLUMBIA)/HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

• ITER-AGENCY REIMBURSABLE TRAINING PROGRAMS CONDUCTED BY OPM

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PROMOTIONS

• FOUR TYPES OF EFFICIENCY RATING FOR PROMOTION

• PRODUCTION RECORDS SYSTEM• TRAIT RATING SYSTEM• SUBSTANTIATING REPORTS RATING

SYSTEM• PERSONALITY INVENTORY SYSTEM

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PAY & SERVICE CONDITIONS

• EACH PAY PLAN HAS A NUMBER OF GRADES WITH A RANGE OF SALARY STEPS WITHIN EACH GRADE ALONWITH ALLOWANCES

• CIVIL SERVANTS CAN BECOME MEMBER S OF ASSOCIATIONS/LABOR CAN UNIONISE

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PAY & SERVICE CONDITIONS

• STRIKES NOT ALLOWED• RESTRICTED POLITICAL RIGHTS• RETIREMENT AGE IS FROM 65-70• CIVIL SERVANTS ENJOY PENSION FACILITY

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BUDGET

• ONE BUDGET FOR ALL DEPARTMENTS (SINGLE BUDGET)

• FINANCIAL YEAR FROM 1st JULY TO 31st JUNE• OMB RECIEVES ESTIMATES IN MID SEPTEMBER• PRESIDENT PRESENTS BUDGET TO HOUSE OF

REPS IN MID JANUARY• HOUSE OF REPS REFERS IT TOCOMMITTEE ON

APPROPRIATIONS WHOSE SUBCOMMITTEES EXAMINE IT DEPARTMENT WISE

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BUDGET

• AFTER PASSAGE BY HOUSE OF REPS IT GOES TO SENATE AND IS REFERRED TO ITS APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE.THERE IS ALSO A COMMITTEE TO RESOLVE DIFFERENCES

• REVENUE MEASURES ALSO CONSIDERED BY WAYS AND MEANS COMMITTEE IN HOUSE OF REPS AND FINANCE CMMITTEE OF SENATE

• AMERICAN CONGRESS EMPOWERED TO INCREASE ESTIMATES IN ADDITION TO OTHER CHANGES

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BUDGET

• CONGRESS ADOPTS A SERIES OF APPROPRIATION AND REVENUE BILLS AND SENDS TO PRESIDENT FOR SIGNING,PROCEDURE FOR VOTING LESS CENTRALISED

• GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE HEADED BY COMPTROLLER GENERAL WHO IS APPOINTED FOR 15 YEARS CONTROLS AND AUDITS ALL EXPENDITURE

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SUMMARY

• EQUAL OPPORTUNITY• CLASSIFICATION• RECRUITMENT• TRAINING• PROMOTIONS• PAY & SERVICE CONDITIONS• BUDGET