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Transcript of Company / Team Operations
C07-1 “Train the Force!”
Company / Team Operations
Company / Team Operations
National Training Center
Fort Irwin, CA
Information BriefingInformation Briefing
Unclassified
C07-2 “Train the Force!”
PurposePurpose
To Provide an Overview of Training Rotations at the NTC And Discuss Company / Team Trends ObservedDuring Training Rotations At the National Training Center
C07-3 “Train the Force!”
AgendaAgenda
Introduction
Overview of the National Training Center - Mission Statement- Role of the Observer-Controller- Training Rotation- Typical Task Force Timeline
Rotational Trends
Recommended Company Commander Focus
Home Station Training
Conclusion
C07-4 “Train the Force!”
Provide Realistic Combined Arms and Joint Training Focused on Developing Troopers, Leaders and Unit’s of America’s Army for Success on the 21st Century Battlefield
Mission of the National Training Center
Mission StatementMission Statement
C07-5 “Train the Force!”
Mission of the Cobra Team
Train Armored Task Forces and Cavalry Squadrons, Based on Doctrine and Tactics, Techniques and Procedures, So They Improve Their Warfighting Capabilities, Leaving the NTC Better Trained Than When They Arrived
Mission StatementMission Statement
C07-6 “Train the Force!”
“The Only Difference Between Real Combat and Your NTC Rotation Is That in Real Combat You Don’t Get a Second Chance to Learn From Your Mistakes - Use Every OpportunityTo Hone Your Warfighting Skills Here…”
- LTC(P) Dennis E. Rogers, Cobra 07
NTC QuoteNTC Quote
C07-7 “Train the Force!”
Create the Conditions for Armored Task Forces and Cavalry Squadrons To:
- Train Realistically, but Safe- Get Better Every Day and Improve Warfighting Proficiency by the End of the
Rotation- Maintain Discipline and a Winning, Warrior Spirit- Understand How To Set Conditions to Improve Homestation Training
Coach and Teach Army Doctrine, and Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTP)
Facilitate the Learning Process by Conducting After Action Reviews
Assist Rotational Units With MILES and MILES II/SAWE
Enforce the NTC Rules Of Engagement (ROE)
Enforce Safety
Role Of The OCRole Of The OC
C07-8 “Train the Force!”
Training RotationTraining Rotation
SUNSUN MONMON TUETUE WEDWED THUTHU FRIFRI SATSAT
Reception, Staging, Onward Movement, and Integration (RSOI)
Training Days 0-14
Move-Out
Force on Force
Live FireDownloadFinal RM
Regeneration / Between Rotation Days (BRD)
Arrival
C07-9 “Train the Force!”
Task ForceTask ForcePlanning TimelinePlanning Timeline
CTM
1200 1800 2400 0600 1200 1800 2400 0600
~ 1200 Hrs Continue the Mission
1600 Hrs = Co/Tm AARs Complete1800-2000 Hrs = TF AAR
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5 Refinement
Step 1
42 Hours
14 Hours (1/3) *as in example above
8.5 Hours (1/5)
6 Hours (1/7)
LDBATTLE
2BATTLE
3
1300-1400 Hrs = BDE OPORD1600 Hrs = Mission Analysis Complete
1700 Hrs = Commander’s Guidance2030 Hrs = COA Development Starts
2230 Hrs = Wargame Starts2400-0200 Hrs = Order Reproduction
0500 Hrs = OPORD Review0600-0700 Hrs = Issue OPORD
Co/Tm OPORD CompletePLT OPORD Complete
PLT RehearsalsCo/Tm Rehearsals
TF RehearsalsBDE Rehearsals
Final TF Rehearsal
C07-10 “Train the Force!”
Reconnaissance And Surveillance Planning And Execution
Synchronization And Integration Of Combat Multipliers
Integration Of Fires In The Close Fight
Planning And Building Flexibility Into The Orders Process
Field Maintenance - Fault Identification And Repair Part Tracking
Rotational TrendsRotational Trends
Typically, Rotational Units Have Difficulty With...Typically, Rotational Units Have Difficulty With...
C07-11 “Train the Force!”
Must Answer The Commander’s PIR
Maximize All Assets... Scouts, Company / Teams, FISTs, etc
Scouts Have No Clear Task & Purpose
Size Of NAIs Too Large... No Focus
Communications And C2 Of The R&S Force
Reconnaissance & SurveillanceReconnaissance & Surveillance
Planning and ExecutionPlanning and Execution
C07-12 “Train the Force!”
Reconnaissance & SurveillanceReconnaissance & SurveillancePlanning and ExecutionPlanning and Execution
Recommendation: Assign Responsibility For R&S Planning Issue Guidance Early Integrate As a Battlestaff Product Plan With the Proper Tools (NAI / TAI / DP Link) Rehearse / Coordinate With Higher and Adjacent Units Update the Plan / Issue FRAGOs
C07-13 “Train the Force!”
Battle Command - Commander’s Do Not Envision How The Enemy Fights... And How We Will Fight
Leaders Do Not Understand The Capabilities & Limitations Of Systems, Time, And Space
Units Struggle With Wargaming
Leaders Lack Flexibility And Initiative In Battle Execution
Simulation Vs Field Application / Execution
Synchronization & Integration Synchronization & Integration
Of Combat MultipliersOf Combat Multipliers
C07-14 “Train the Force!”
Recommendation: Leaders Must Understand System Capabilities and
Limitations All BOS Must Be Addressed During Wargame Become Proficient at Developing Synch Matrix and
Decision Support Matrix Establish Habitual Relationships With “Slice” Elements and
Include These Units in Home Station Training Events Conduct Orders Drills / MDMP Training; Including All BOS
Elements
Synchronization & Integration Synchronization & Integration Of Combat MultipliersOf Combat Multipliers
C07-15 “Train the Force!”
Integration Of Fires And Maneuver... During Wargaming
Synchronization Of Scheme Of Indirect Fires With Scheme Of Maneuver
Loss Of Focus: Too Many EFSTs
Transition Of Fires: Deep To Close
Developing And Executing The Observation Plan
Integration Of Indirect FiresIntegration Of Indirect Fires
In The Close FightIn The Close Fight
C07-16 “Train the Force!”
Recommendation: Commander Must Clearly Articulate the EFST TF S3 / XO and FSO Ensure Integration During Wargaming The FSO Advises the Commander on the Capabilities and Limitations of Fires FSO Develops Adequate Triggers Based On:
Time and Space Relation to Terrain and Enemy TF Scheme of Maneuver
FSO Develops: Scheme of Fires Observation Plan
Integration Of Indirect FiresIntegration Of Indirect FiresIn The Close FightIn The Close Fight
C07-17 “Train the Force!”
ESSENTIAL FIRE ESSENTIAL FIRE SUPPORT TASKSUPPORT TASK
A Task for Fire Support to Accomplish That Is Required to Support a Combined Arms Operation. Failure to Achieve an EFST May Require the Commander to Alter His Tactical Plan. A Fully Developed EFST Has a Task, Purpose, Method, and Endstate.
Task (WHAT) - Effects of Fires Against a Specific Enemy
Formation And/or Its Function (May Include Duration & When) Purpose (WHY) - In Terms of and Its Relation or Contribution to the
Scheme of Maneuver Method (HOW) - To Acquire the Enemy Formation and Deliver the
Means From a Fire Support Asset to Achieve the Desired Effects Endstate - Quantifiable Assessment to Determine If Task Is
Accomplished & If Purpose Achieved
- White Paper, Fire Support Planning for The
Brigade and Below (Draft), 6 Jun 97
C07-18 “Train the Force!”
Not Prepared To Execute The MDMP In A Time Constrained Environment
Receive Incomplete Guidance From The Commander
Units Do Not Develop Flexible Plans
Do Not Adjust The Plan As Conditions Change Across The Battle Operating Systems (BOS)... Running Estimate
Planning & Building FlexibilityPlanning & Building Flexibility
Into The Orders ProcessInto The Orders Process
C07-19 “Train the Force!”
Recommendation: Staffs Must Become More Proficient in Identifying Branches and Sequels to the Operation… ID During Wargaming Staffs Must Complete a Decision Support Matrix and Template As Part of Each MDMP Leaders Must Accurately Track the Battle and Staff Officers Must Maintain a “Running Estimate”… Necessary to ID Changing Condition Ensure Battle Tracking During Home Station Training Events
Planning & Building FlexibilityPlanning & Building FlexibilityInto The Orders ProcessInto The Orders Process
C07-20 “Train the Force!”
Units Deploy With A Garrison Based Logistics System... Not Focused On Field Operations
Organizational Maintenance... PMCS, Diagnostics, Maintenance Requests... Not Timely Or To Standard
Maintenance Management.... Company / Teams And Higher Rely Completely On Good Comms
Leaders Lack Focus On Building Combat Power
Field MaintenanceField Maintenance
C07-21 “Train the Force!”
Recommendation: Ensure a Solid System Exists for the Flow of 5988Es Develop a Tracking System that Allows the BMO to Shift
Maintenance Priorities BMO Should Brief Maintenance Estimate During Mission
Analysis and at OPORDs
Field MaintenanceField Maintenance
C07-22 “Train the Force!”
RecommendationsRecommendations
For The Company Commander, It Is Difficult to Do Everything Well... Here Are Some Recommendations to Focus Your Efforts
TTP For Company Commanders
C07-23 “Train the Force!”
Time ManagementTime Management
Discussion: Units Are Not Setting and Adhering to an Established Timeline Not Adhering to 1/3 - 2/3 Rule Units Not Trained to Meet Specific Requirements in Time Allotted
Recommendation: The Company Must Establish a Realistic Timeline and Enforce It Make Maximum Use of Parallel Planning / Preparation Timeline
Must Train Prior to Arrival to NTC Some Units Can Meet 6 Hr Window - Others Need 8-10 Hrs Exercise Orders Process at Home Station Under Same Conditions As NTC
C07-24 “Train the Force!”
Example TimelineExample Timeline
ENEMY
0000
0600
1200
1800
2400
DAY__
CSS
0000
0600
1200
1800
2400
DAY__
TLP (C2)
0000
0600
1200
1800
2400
DAY__
MNVR / ENG / FS
0000
0600
1200
1800
2400
DAY__
List EnemyEvents
List PlanningEvents
ListBOS
CriticalEvents
List Logistical
Events
C07-25 “Train the Force!”
Time ManagementTime ManagementFor Offensive OperationsFor Offensive Operations
Set
TF DirectedWARNOMission AnalysisRecon ForwardTF OPORDTF BackbriefsRehearsalsUpdated Unit StatusSleep Plan
Sequential
Map ReconMake Tentative PlanRecon ForwardIssue OPORDCO / PLT PlanningCO / PLT OPORDCO / PLT RehearsalsRehearsalsLOGPACPCIsR&SStand0ToIntel UpdatesBoresighting / ZeroMove TAA - FPOLMove PP - ATK PSN
Simultaneous
Movement to TAAEstablish SecurityEstablish OPsM8 Alarms OutPMCSLOGSTAT & PERSTATPCCCO / PLT Rehearsals
- Contact Drills- Action Drills- SBF & ABF Drills
Load PlansPCITDC TAA - FPOLLU with AttachmentsLOGPACAdjacent Unit Coordination
Daylight
Use It or Lose ItSecurityPatrolsRecon LDPCCPMCSBoresightingCO / PLT Rehearsals
C07-26 “Train the Force!”
Time ManagementTime ManagementFor Defensive OperationsFor Defensive Operations
Set
TF DirectedWARNOMission AnalysisRecon ForwardTF OPORDTF BackbriefsRehearsalsUpdated Unit StatusSleep Plan
Sequential
Map ReconMake Tentative PlanRecon EAs and BPsMark TRPs and ObstID Proposed BPsMark Veh PositionsID TriggersCo / Tm Fire PlanOccupy BPsProof EAsRehearsa Fire PlanExecute DeceptionRehearse Cont PlanSZ RPOLStand-ToIntel UpdateDefend NLT
Simultaneous
Establish SecurityEstablish OPsM8 Alarms OutEstab Wire CommoPrepare Rng CardsConfirm Rng CardsSupervise Dig EffortPrepare PLT SketchCO / PLT Def Prep StatusOccupy DeceptionOccupy HideTDC RoutesLOGPACAdjacent Unit CoordPMCSStockpile CL IV / VProof Obstacles
Daylight
Use It or Lose ItSecurityPatrolsRecon EAsMark TRPsSite ObstaclesID TriggersSite Veh PositionsBoresight / ZeroRehearse EAsRange CardsSector SketchesRehearse O/O MsnPCCPMCS
C07-27 “Train the Force!”
Intelligence PreparationIntelligence PreparationOf The BattlefieldOf The Battlefield
Discussion: Leaders Are Not Proficient at Conducting IPB Failure to “See the Enemy” and “See the Terrain” Often Result
in Mission Failure… Meeting the Enemy Unprepared
Recommendation: Train Leaders at All Levels on Intelligence Preparation of the
Battlefield Conduct TEWTs and Professional Development Seminars to
Increase Appreciation For Terrain Become Proficient in Threat Weapons Capabilities… “How Will
the Enemy Employ His Assets?”
C07-28 “Train the Force!”
Intelligence PreparationIntelligence PreparationOf The BattlefieldOf The Battlefield
1. Battlefield Area Evaluationa. Identify The Area Of Operationb. Identify The Limits Of The Area Of Interest
2. Terrain Analysis (IPB Product = MCOO)a. Observation / Fields Of Fireb. Avenues Of Approachc. Key Terraind. Obstaclese. Cover and Concealment
3. Weather Analysis
4. Threat Analysisa. Doctrinal Templateb. Threat Database
5. Threat Integration (IPB Product = Situation and Event Templates)a. Situation Templateb. Event Template = Drives Recon Effortc. Decision Support Template
IIIEvaluate The Threat
IPB
IDefine theBattlefieldEnvironment
IVDetermineThreat COAs
IIDescribe TheBattlefieldEffects
C07-29 “Train the Force!”
Impact Of TerrainImpact Of TerrainOn The OperationOn The Operation
Terrain Analysis: Understanding How The Terrain Will Influence Friendly and Enemy Actions
75 M
Narrow PassBut Room ForTwo Vehicles
Abreast
Wide PassBut
RestrictedTo TwoSingle
Lanes Due To Rocks
2300 M
Enemy Can RangeEasily From
Reverse SlopeOf IV Line
4500 M
Enemy Must CrossIV Line To
Range Past HighGround
C07-30 “Train the Force!”
Reconnaissance & SurveillanceReconnaissance & Surveillanceand Securityand Security
Discussion: Leaders Do Not Plan for Security and Battlefield Surveillance… Units Are Often Bypassed or Destroyed by Unseen Enemy Reconnaissance and Surveillance Occurs in the Assembly Area, Battle Position, and on the Offensive… Not Just in the Security Zone
Recommendation: Develop and Enforce SOPs for Establishing Security Define Exact Security Requirements in Priorities of Work Develop Internal R&S Plan for All Operations… Assign Responsibilities for NAIs (Where to Look), SIR (What to Look For), and Times to Look (Based on Event Temp)
C07-31 “Train the Force!”
Battle CommandBattle Command
Discussion: Leaders Have Difficulty in Determining Units Mission Essential Task and Purpose Leaders Do Not Assign Clear Task and Purpose to Subordinates Orders Are Often Incomplete and Lack Detail… Poor Scheme of Maneuver, Weak Paragraph 1, and No Paragraph 4 and 5
Recommendation: Leaders Must Be Thoroughly Knowledgeable of Doctrine Conduct Training on the Planning Process… Become Proficient in Developing and Writing Operations Orders Develop Leader Initiative… Leaders Must Know “the Why”, Not “the How” Fight the Enemy, Not the Plan
C07-32 “Train the Force!”
The “Why” of the The “Why” of the MissionMission
THE PLANTHE PLAN
LEADERSLEADERS
ACTIONACTION
SELF
ENEMYTERRAIN
PURPOSEPURPOSE
LD
1. The Plan Must Be Adjusted for Changes In…..2. The Situation…..3. By Leaders Who Are Empowered to Exercise Initiative…..4. Which Allows for the Performance of the Right Task at the Right Time!
- From Armor Magazine (July-August 1997) Article, “The Reason Why We Will Win”
C07-33 “Train the Force!”
AGILITY:AGILITY:Reacting to an Uncooperative Enemy
Battlefield Visualization: Continual Recognition Of Changing Battlefield Conditions
Running Estimates Continuous IPB Continuous R&S: Ensures We Maintain Initiative, Reduce
Uncertainty, & Keep The Enemy Guessing Disseminate Gathered Intelligence on the Enemy Refine The Plan Accordingly Issue FRAGOs (Written Or Verbal)
C07-34 “Train the Force!”
Company / TeamCompany / TeamCommand PostsCommand Posts
“The Company Command Post Assists the Commander and His Subordinate Leaders in Preparing for Battles by Providing a Centralized Point for Information Gathering and Dissemination, Coordination, Time Management, and Tracking of Unit Status.”
- Page 2-53, FM 71-1, 26 JAN 98
Keys to Success: Redundant Communication Nets Avoid Using Combat Vehicles White Light Capable at Night Large Enough to Use for Briefings Quick Setup and Takedown
C07-35 “Train the Force!”
“A Way”- FISTV Crew Needs to Train
At Home Station With Co/Tm- Increases Manning- Covers More Nets- Makes Brigade FS Net Avail
For Intel Traffic
“Another Way”- Reduces Risk of Losing FISTV
To TF Mission or Other Duty- Reduces Signature- Back up Vehicle: Commander’s
HMMWV, Maint or Medic M113
SICCUP or Tarp
OE254
OE254
TF CMDCO CMD
TF MORTCO CMD
TF CMDCO CMD
Company / TeamCompany / TeamCommand PostsCommand Posts
C07-36 “Train the Force!”
Manning Must Designate NCOIC (Eg. Master Gunner) Organize Into Two Shifts (Day and Night) With 3 Personnel Minimum Per Shift Designate Shift NCOs (Eg. Day - Gunner, Night - Senior Medic) May Require Augmentation From Platoons Each NCO Must Brief NCOIC at Shift Change
Operations How to Track Is Not So Important As What to Track, but the CP Is a Command
and Control Node, So It Must Know Basics About the Company / Team The Commander Must Develop A Command Post SOP Most Frequently Forgotten Items:
- Task Organization Status and Times
- SITEMP Updates
- Timeline Management
- Adjacent Unit Locations
Company / TeamCompany / TeamCommand PostsCommand Posts
C07-37 “Train the Force!”
Direct Fire PlanningDirect Fire Planning
Discussion: Units Do Not Arrive at the NTC With a Clear Concept of How to
Develop a Direct Fire Plan Units Are Unable to Clearly Delineate Where They Desire to Kill
the Enemy and Then Develop Graphic Control Measures That Will Focus, Mass, Distribute, and Shift Fires Appropriately
Recommendation: Develop SOPs at All Levels That Include Standard Means for
Focusing Fires While Preventing Fratricide Based on the Principals of Fire Control, FM 71-1, Chapter 2
Use Terrain Boards and Field Exercises to Train That SOP
C07-38 “Train the Force!”
TRP1
Q1 Q2
Q3Q4
MEL3750m(TOW)
MEL2500m120mm25mm
FPL1000m
TRP2 TRP3
TRP4 TRP5
TRP6 TRP7
AE0100
Direct Fire PlanningDirect Fire PlanningTTP For The DefenseTTP For The Defense
C07-39 “Train the Force!”
TF FIRE PLAN EXAMPLETF FIRE PLAN EXAMPLE 05 06 07 08 09
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
PL TOW
PL TANK
PL FIFTYPL COAX
TRP1
TRP2
TRP3
TRP4
AE2002
AE2001A1
B1 B2
A2
3500M
2500M
1000M 800M
TM A TM BTM C
C07-40 “Train the Force!”
Actions On ContactActions On Contact
Discussion: Units Have Difficulty Reacting to Multiple Forms of Contact Units Tend to Stop When First Engaged Units Not Trained To React To, or Find Dismounted Weapons
(Eg. AT-5, 2A45M)
Recommendation: Train Actions on Contact Battle Drills for Multiple Forms of
Contact (Section, Platoon, and Company Level) Expand Home Station Training to Include Dismounted Systems Train for Enemy Fire From Adjacent Unit Sector
C07-41 “Train the Force!”
RehearsalsRehearsals
Discussion: Rehearsals Are Rarely Conducted to Standard Plan Not Well Disseminated to Subordinates Subordinates Uncertain of Commander’s Intent Rehearsal Becomes a Briefing
Recommendation: Develop Method to Quickly Build Rehearsal Site Ensure Subordinates Fully Understand the Plan Portray an Uncooperative Enemy Based on Most Likely ECOA Follow Logical Sequence… Focusing on Critical Events Allow Subordinates to Brief Actions, Orientation, and T/P
C07-42 “Train the Force!”
Risk ManagementRisk Management
Discussion: Leaders Do Not Incorporate Risk Management in Planning Process Risk Management Includes Tactical and Accidental Risk Subordinates Only Use Higher Headquarters Risk Assessment…
They Do Not Consider Risk at Their Level
Recommendation: Incorporate Risk Management in Planning Process… ID Risks / Hazards Throughout Actively Manage Those Tactical Risks That May Result in Mission Failure Get Input From Junior Leaders and Troopers Ensure Subordinates Complete RA
C07-43 “Train the Force!”
Risk ManagementRisk Management
Five Step ProcessFive Step Process
11. Identify Hazards. Identify Hazards
2. Assess Hazards
3. Develop Controls
4. Implement Controls
5. Supervise & Evaluate
Assess Hazards
Implement Controls
Supervise& Evaluate
IDENTIFY HAZARDS
Develop Controls & Make
Risk Decision
Conduct Risk Management Planning Concurrently With TLP / COA Development / Mission Planning
C07-44 “Train the Force!”
Home Station TrainingHome Station Training
1. Plan The Training
2. Train And Certify Leaders
3. Recon The Training Site
4. Issue The Training Plan
5. Conduct Rehearsals
6. Execute Training
7. Conduct AARs
8. Retrain (Meet Standards)
Eight Step Training Model
C07-45 “Train the Force!”
ConclusionConclusion
Overview of the National Training Center - Mission Statement- Role of the Observer-Controller- Training Rotation- Typical Task Force Timeline
Rotational Trends
Recommended Company Commander Focus
Home Station Training