CommuVoc 12 coursebook

8/9/2019 CommuVoc 12 coursebook

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IHECS - BACHELOR 1 - ENGLISH COMMUVOC 1.2 PAGE 1

Vocabulary revision for Bachelor 1 English at IHECS 2ndterm (updated version)

Commuvoc 1.2 consists of a series of revision tools, all available on CLIck:

1. the present course book, dowloadable free from CLIck and readable on anyplatform through Scribd - the solutions are available from page 27.2. online exercises for the computer, available from the CLIck website3. ofine exercises in a mobile app called Miniteach4, ofine recap ashcards in a mobile app called Quizlet

Tutorials on the use of these different tools are available on the CLIck website

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COMMUVOC 1. 2
http://click.ihecs.be/


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Advertising (1) http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/advertising1.htm

______________ are everywhere, from columns of small ______________ advertisementsfor houses, jobs, cars etc. in newspapers to big ______________ on walls and enormousadvertisements on______________ by the side of the road. The job of the ______________

agencies is to______________ the products and services of their clients, the______________.. They design eye-catching ______________ and make television or radio______________ to persuade us to buy, or ______________, them. The advertising mediainclude broadcast media, such as TV and radio, and print media, such as dailies and

weeklies, but also cinema, hoardings, ______________ displays,______________, mail______________, telemarketing and many more. All these media may______________ theadvertising message and put it ______________ to the adequate ______________audience.

Advertising (2) http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/advertising2.htm

Modern advertisements contain hidden messages. ______________ in the advertisementshowingthe pretty girl in the new car or the smiling children round the packet of washing______________ is the message that if we buy the product, we also ______________ successand happiness. It is a______________ approach since it ______________ to exploit oursecret dreams, and it is______________ since advertising is ubiquitous. Giant street______________ and catchy jingles on television ______________ us from all sides. They______________ us into believing that we can realize our ambitions quickly and easily. Onthe other hand, ______________ of advertising say that it is ______________. Advertising isinformative. ______________ tell us about useful new products. They______________ ourlives with colour and music. They increase ______________, stimulate industry and sokeep prices ______________. Whether for or against advertising, most people would agreethat somekind of ______________ , appointed by the government or by the ______________ industryitself, is necessary to maintain ______________ of honesty and to discourage the more______________ types of ______________ advertisements.

Air Travel (1) http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/air_travel1.htm

When travelling by air you have to get to the ___________________ early in orderto___________________ about an hour before your ___________________. If you have a lot ofluggage, you can put it on a ___________________ and push it to the check-in___________________, where someone will check your ticket and weigh your

Across advertise - advertisements - advertisements - advertisers - advertising -carry classified commercials - hoardings - point-of-sales - posters - purchase -

shots - sponsorship target

achieve advertisements - advertising - beneficial - blatant - bombard - brainwash -brighten - defenders - demand - down - hoardings - implicit - inescapable - misleading

powder - seeks - standards - subtle watchdog

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___________________. If you have excess luggage, it can be expensive. Your heavy luggageis put on a ___________________ and carried away. A light bag is classed as___________________ luggage and you can take it with you onto the plane. An___________________ looks at your passport and a ___________________ checks your handluggage before you go into the ___________________ to wait till your ight is called. If you

want to, you can buy some cheap ___________________ goods here. Then you see on the___________________ or you hear an ___________________ that you must___________________ your plane. You go through the ___________________, then there issometimes a ___________________ before you actually enter the plane. When all the___________________ are ___________________, and when the captain and his___________________ are ready in the cockpit, the plane begins to ___________________ tothe end of the ___________________. Finally, permission is received from the controltower and the plane moves faster and faster in order to ___________________ .

Air travel (2) http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/air_travel2.htm

Flying is fun. I like being in a big __________ with the __________, i.e. the stewards andstewardesses looking after me. They walk up and down the __________ - bringing mealsand drinks; and if the ight is going through some __________, such as an __________,they warn everybody that it might be a bit __________ and ask us to fasten our

__________. On a long ight I like listening to music through the __________ available to allpassengers, and sometimes I have a sleep. I enjoy it all so much that I never want theplane to __________.

Activism http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/animal_welfare.htm

The British have long been ____________ about animal welfare and were among the rst

to____________ for legislation on this matter. There are three main concepts reectingdifferent approaches to the topic: ____________ may be dened as the protection of wildlife and endangered ____________. Animal welfare refers to the ____________ of animals. ____________ call for the "bestpossibleconditions" for animals, free from cruelty or unnecessary bodily ____________.

Animal rights covers conservation and animal ____________ plus the more radical ideathat animals should not be held in captivity (on farms, in zoos or in circuses) or eaten.

Animal rights ____________ are either vegetarians or ____________ (i.e. they do not eatmeat, sh, ____________, animal milk, cheese or eggs).The move to protect animals has led to the creation of ____________ products, i.e.products which have not been tested ____________ animals. In Britain, animal activistshave successfully ____________ a campaign for such cosmetics. This resulted in a____________ passed in November 1998 which ____________ all cosmetics tested onanimals in Britain, although it does not ____________ to imported products. Anita

Airport - announcement - board - check in - conveyor belt - crew - departure gate -departures board departures lounge - desk - duty free - flight - hand - immigration officer

luggage - on board passengers - runway - security check- security guard - take off - taxitrolley

air pocket - airliner - aisle - bumpy - crew - headphones land - seat belts - turbulence

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Roddick owns The Body Shop, which manufactures ____________ and ____________, and was a key gure in raising public ____________ about the issue. These products have become hugely popular. The rm Beauty Without Cruelty has ____________ a similar aimthough with less commercial success.

Another sensitive ____________ is the use of animals by the fur ____________. Anti-furcampaigns have led to a sharp ____________ in fur sales and there is now a ____________attached to wearing fur in Britain. In January 2002 Parliament recently agreed to____________ the remaining 13 ____________ farms, offering them nancial ____________.

Art http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/ART.HTM

One of the most creative things anyone can do is to make a work of art, whether it's a_____________ carving a sculpture or a painter painting _____________. _____________artists do it for their own satisfaction and pleasure, but _____________ artists have tomake a _____________ from their art and they are dependent on _____________ to selltheir works in city _____________. I myself have a Picasso.Of course, it's a _____________, not an _____________, as I can't _____________ that!

A lot of people buy a camera just to take holiday _____________. They have prints madeand put them in an _____________ or sometimes they prefer _____________, which theycan show on the wall or _____________ with a _____________. Other people are moreserious. They develop and print their _____________ themselves in their own_____________ at home. If they want big pictures they make _____________.

Banking http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/BANKING.HTM

It's very simple to open a bank account in Britain. There are very few formalities. Justgo to your local_______________, ll in a few _______________, and that's it. You willprobably only have to pay bank _______________ if there is no money in your account or if

you _______________ money from the bank, in other words if you have an overdraft or want a _______________ or a _______________.For regular everyday use most people prefer a _______________ account. This normally_______________ no or little interest. A _______________ account earns some interest butit's not so easy to _______________ your money. You sometimes have to give a week's_______________.

At regular intervals, perhaps weekly or monthly, you will receive a _______________ from

the bank, giving details of each _______________ (money you put in) and _______________(money you take out). If

Activists - apply awareness bans - bill - call - compensation concerned conservation-cosmetics - cruelty-free decline harm issue - mink outlaw - poultry - pursued -species

stigma - toiletries- trade vegans waged - welfare -welfarists - well-being

afford album amateur darkroom - dealers enlargements films - galleries living original pictures professional projector reproduction screen - sculptor slides -

snapshots

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you're not sure how much money you have in your _______________, you can just go to your bank and ask what your _______________ is. If you have to make a regular payment,like rent, you can ask the bank to pay this amount for you automatically. Thisarrangement is called a _______________ order.Today you no longer depend on bank opening hours to _______________ money, as youcan withdraw plastic money from _______________ (also called _______________) and can_______________ money through electronic banking.Some people _______________ more money than they earn. In other words, their_______________ is greater than their income. If you take more money out of the bankthan you have in your account, you are _______________.

Censorship http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/censorship.htm

The amount of ____________ material we are exposed to in lms nowadays is surely____________.Most people accept that scenes of sex and violence are sometimes necessary to tell astory, but all too often these scenes are ____________; they are unnecessary and simplyinserted in the lm to ____________ to the ____________ human instincts. Censorship isnecessary, especially to protect children ____________ the corrupting inuence of suchscenes, often ____________ as art, in our cinemas. There should also be censorship ofpornographic and paedophilic magazines produced by ____________ people willing to____________ for the ____________ tastes of a small minority. Such materials destroy theinnocence of the young and ____________ all who read it. On the other hand, there arethose who say that something which is ____________ becomes desirable, so censorship iscounter-____________, and that censorship ____________ our freedom of ____________.However freedom is not ____________ freedom to do what we want but freedom from____________ to destroy society's moral ____________.Censorship provides the ____________ by which society protects itself.

Cinema & lms (1) http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/cinema&lms1.htm

Marlon Brando is a ___________ actor and in 'On the Waterfront' he gave his nest___________. It is his best-known ___________. The ___________ also included Eva MarieSaint and Karl Malden. The lm's ___________, Elia Kazan, never made a better lm.Parts of the lm were ___________ in the studios in Hollywood, but a lot was made___________ in the streets of New York, which makes it at times like a ___________. The___________ loved the lm but it was not only a critical success. It was a great

account - balance - borrow branch cash - cash dispensers -cash machines - charges -current - deposit deposit - earns - expenditure - forms - loan - mortgage - notice - overdrawn

- spend standing - statement - transfer - withdraw - withdrawal

appeal - attempts - banned - baser - cater choice - degrade - excessive - from - gratuitousinfringes on - masquerading - merely - offensive - perverted - productive - safeguards -

standards unscrupulous

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___________ success as well, and made an enormous ___________. The ___________ isabout a young man's ___________ to be a boxing champion.

Cinema & lms (2) http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/cinema&lms2.htm

Fiona and I went to the cinema the other day to see 'Boyhood' ___________ UGC. The___________ by the "Libre Belgique" ___________ was good, and we decided to go to the 8o'clock ___________. When I arrived, Fiona was waiting for me in the ___________, lookingat a ___________ for 'Boyhood' on the wall.The ___________ took our tickets and ___________ us to our seats. I don't like to be too

close to the ___________ and I usually sit in the back ___________ if possible, and I prefer aseat on the___________ so I can ___________ my legs. Before the main lm there was a Mickey Mouse___________, then a ___________ for the following week's lm. "Boyhood" was an___________ lm and we enjoyed it tremendously.

City life http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/city_life.htm

Most people in developed countries are city-__________, many drawn by the irresistible__________ of the metropolis. The attractions of the city are many: the cosmopolitan__________, foreign restaurants, different languages, international __________, thestimulation of cultural __________ or the simple hope of nding work. All too many nd,however, that the glamorous facade is __________. One can be very alone in the city andthe __________ which at rst seems to give freedom and protection later leaves just__________., experienced very painfully by the elderly. There is a lot to do but everything

is__________. The cost of __________, food and accommodation, is high. There is pollutionnot only of the physical but also of the moral environment and the various pressures of__________ life cause cities to __________ crime and violence. Above all, perhaps, it is thedaily stresses and __________ of the city which make life there a __________ of survivalrather than enjoyment. Many a __________ struggling to work through the __________-hour congestion probably wonders 'Is it worth it?'

attempt - box-office - cast - critics - director - documentary - on location - performance - plot profit - role - shot - superb

Aisle- at - cartoon - critic - foyer - outstanding - performance - poster - review - row - screenshowed - stretch - trailer - usherette

anonimity - atmosphere - breed - commuter - companies - dwellers - events - expensive - falseliving - loneliness - lure - matter - rush - strains - urban

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Computers http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/computers.htm

Just imagine what the world would be without computers. A computer is an electronic machine that ___________________ calculat ionsand___________________ data automatically at high speed. A computer cannot work

without ___________________--i.e., a programme--which controls the different hardware___________________ of the computer.___________________ computers can be placed on top of a desk but are not verytransportable, while portable computers are light enough to be easily transported.

A personal computer typically has a ___________________ and a ___________________ as itsinput unit, while output units are the ___________________, the ___________________, the___________________.There are many application programmess that individual users can conveniently___________________.___________________ is the creation of pages for publication using personal computers.___________________ programs are the most popular programs for business calculations.They allow the user to enter columns and rows of ___________________.___________________ is the quick search and ___________________ of needed informationfrom a collection of ___________________ --i.e., a database.

Crime http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/crime_busting.htm

The good news is that crime has fallen markedly in recent years. Statistics may notreect people'sexperience or fear of crime but the ______________ speak for themselves: in America,crime______________ have never been so low since the government started keeping______________ 25 years ago.Criminologists and politicians from all over the world have ocked to America to learnaboutlaw-enforcement. If the media are to be believed, America's ______________ approach can

be credited for the sharp ______________ in crime rates. These did not start falling, it isfrequently argued, until strict ______________ was introduced. Strict law ______________and ______________ sentences did much to deter potential criminals. And the drop incrime is steepest in the South, where laws are especially strict: Texas has the highest______________ rate in the US and a crime rate at a 20-year low. In 1997, the murder rate

was ______________ 10% on 1996. Another popular concept based on the "broken windows" theory is zero ______________. Stop petty ______________, lock them away andthey will not graduate to more ______________ crime.Still other tough techniques such as teen ______________ now being tested in Britain orFrance down well with voters who like their politicians to sound and act tough on crime.

Whether such measures really work is more ______________. Experts say the crime ratein the US started going down before they became effective. Civil ______________ activistsclaim they often result in racial bias if not outright ______________.Interestingly, a more softly-softly approach seems to be working just as well, even if itdoes not make for sensational newspaper ______________. ______________ policing basedon community contacts has done much to ______________ the streets of Washington or

Components- data - database - management - desktop - desktop publishing - digits - keyboard- loudspeakers - mouse - performs - printer - processes - retrieval - run - screen - software

spreadsheet

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Boston, while the Maori-inspired concept of restorative justice-bringing ______________and their victims face to face-has greatly reduced the number of juveniles brought tocourt for ______________.

What is certain is that the current drop in crime is ______________ to the end of the crackepidemic and to demographics as well as to any of the ______________ mentioned above.

Issues in education http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/education_issues.htm

It is interesting that in some countries which are socialist and therefore supposedly

_____________ , the educational system is based on _____________ , which means thatchildren are educated according to their ability, with the more _____________ childrenseparated from the others. _____________ of this system say that more intelligentchildren will be helped to _____________ their full potential in this way and that thesechildren will be _____________ if they have to share lessons with less clever pupils._____________ of this system, on the other hand, _____________ that it creates aneducated elite, a special class of _____________ people who are encouraged to think of_____________ as superior _____________ the others. Similarly the others may, as a resultof being _____________ second-rate, develop some kind of inferiority. In a word, such asystem is _____________, since it creates a division between people. Another important_____________ in education is the amount of freedom and choice children should be givenat school. The _____________ view is that a conventional system of strict rules is best.However, _____________ of this attitude say it causes _____________, as in the army, and_____________ children's natural imagination and creativity. We must ask _____________

what the purpose of education is : to _____________ children's heads with facts or toencourage them to develop their natural _____________ in their own way?

Education (2) http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/education.htm

When children are two or three years old, they sometimes go to a ___________ school, where they learn simple games and songs. Their rst real school is called a ___________school. In Britain children start thisschool at the age of ve. The ___________ year in Britain begins in September and isdivided into three ___________. Schools ___________ for the summer holiday in July.___________ education begins at the age of about eleven. In Britain education is___________ from ve to 16 years of age, but many children choose to ___________ at

school for another two or three years after 16 to take higher exams. Mostchildren go to ___________ schools, which are ___________ by the government or localeducation ___________, but some children go to ___________ schools, which can be very

attributable - criminals - curfews - debatable - discrimination - down - drop - enforcement figures - headlines - incarceration - mandatory - neighbourhood - offenders - policies - rates

reclaim records reoffending- rights - sentencing serious- tolerance - tough

achieve - classless - conservative - cram - critics - discourages - divisive - gifted - held back issue - labeled - maintain - opponents - ourselves - privileged - regimentation - skills -

streaming supporters - themselves to

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expensive. University courses normally last three years and then students ___________, which means they receive their ___________. At university, teaching is by ___________ (anindividual lesson between a teacher and oneor two students), ___________ (a class of students discussing a subject with a teacher),___________ (when a teacher gives a prepared talk to a number of students) and ofcourse private study. Most people who receive a university place are given a ___________

by the government to help pay their ___________ and living ___________.

Elections and government (1) http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/elections1.htm

People sometimes try to _________________ the result of an election weeks before it takesplace. Several hundred people are asked which party they prefer, and their answers areused to guess the result of the coming election. This is called an _________________.Meanwhile each party conducts its _________________ with meetings, _________________,television _________________, and party members going from door _________________encouraging people to _________________ their party.In Britain everyone over 18 is _________________ to vote. The place where people go to

vote in an election is called a _________________ and the day of the election is oftenknown as_________________. The voters put their votes, also called _________________, in a_________________ and later they are counted. The _________________ with the most votes

is then declared the winner.

Elections and government (2) http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/elections2.htm

In most countries, except ______________ states, there are several different politicalparties. The one with the majority of seats normally forms the ______________, and theparties which are against the government are called the ______________. Sometimes nosingle party wins enough ______________, and several parties must ______________together in a coalition to form a government. The principal ministers in the governmentform a group called the ______________. The leader of this group, and of the government,is the ______________. Of course, there are many different kinds of parties andgovernments. A socialist or communist party is often described as ______________. A______________ party on the other ______________, is usually said to be right-wing.Political situations are always changing. Sometimes in a party or between two partiesthere is a big ______________ or deep difference of opinion. This is called a ______________.

When, on the other hand, two parties work together, this is sometimes called an______________.

academic - authorities - break up - compulsory - degree - expenses - fees - graduate - grantlecture -maintained - nursery - primary - private - remain - secondary - seminar - state terms

- tutorial

ballot box- ballots candidate- commercials - election campaign - eligible - opinion poll polling day - polling station - predict - speeches support - to door

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Electrical appliances http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/electrical_appliances.htm

When you buy a television or radio make sure it has a long enough ________. ________ itin at the most convenient ________ in your room, and then ________ it on. You normallyadjust the volume by turning a ________, and there are other ________ as well. It isprobably best to ________ the appliance when it is not in use. If you have any trouble withit, ask an electrician to look at it or take it back to the ________ you bought it from.

The environment http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/environment.htm

When industrialization began, little thought was given to its _____________ effects. Raw,untreated _____________ was allowed to pollute our seas and rivers. Animals were killedfor _____________ to the point of _____________. The loss of trees through uncontrolled_____________ caused erosion and unstable _____________. Acid rain was caused by the_____________ gases man sent into the _____________. _____________ in pesticides killedanimal life. Herbicides _____________ numerous plants. The _____________ of nature gotdisturbed.It is only now that we are _____________ up to the problem. More natural, _____________farming is _____________. Legislation controls the _____________ of waste products intoour air and water.

Wildlife organizations are becoming more _____________ in their ght for animal rights.Replanting _____________ in some parts of the world mean that our forests should infuture be _____________.

We can only hope that growing public _____________ and enlightened legislation willproduce a world which is _____________ for us and will provide a good quality of life forfuture generations.

Finance in the Third World http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/nance_third_world.htm

Calls for help reach the International ____________ Fund at each and every nancialcrisis. After the debt ____________ of Mexico in 1982, the IMF had hoped that no othercountry would ____________, though less developed countries ____________ the world

alliance - argument - cabinet - combine - conservative - government hand- left-wing one- party - opposition - prime minister - seats - split

controls - dealer - knob - lead - plug - socket - switch - unplug

advocated - atmosphere - awareness - balance - chemicals - climate - deforestation - destroyed- disposal - ecological - extinction - militant - organic - poisonous - policies - profit - safe -

sewage - sustainable - waking

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found that that they had to repay ____________ that they thought would be rescheduledfor ever.In 1997, with the ____________ of the baht, in Thailand and the ____________ of the crisisthroughout the South East banking systems, the IMF and the World Bank thought it wastime to ____________ ahead with reforms that will ____________ the return of crises thatput millions of people back into ____________ and ____________ the global economy. Thecrisis ____________ the economy of Brazil and even affected Russia, which is suffering as

well from ____________ difculties. At a meeting in April 1999, Finance ministers and central bank governors of 182countries members of theIMF, decided that ____________ were necessary.One major ____________ to address is the sudden loss in ____________ of investors thatee from one market to rush into another creating another ____________ crisis. Anotherissue is the ____________ of maa money. It makes account ____________ more difcult,

both in big banks and in big companies.

Flats & houses http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/ats&houses1.htm

The rst thing I had to do in London was nd somewhere to live, if possible a small, one-____________________ at. I didn't want to ____________________ a kitchen or toilet; I

wanted to be independent in my own self-____________________ place. I decided I couldpay a ____________________ of 150 euros a week. I couldn't nd what I wanted in the

newspaper ____________________ so I went to an ____________________. They offered me anice place. It was in a modern ____________________ on the third ____________________. Ihad to pay the agency a ____________________, and the ____________________ wanted a big____________________ and references from my ____________________ and bank manager.

Flats & houses (2) http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/ats&houses2.htm

Tony and Sheila's rst home was a _____________ house, one of a line of houses allconnected. But several years later when they had a small child, they found it rather_____________ for three people. They wanted something more _____________ and sodecided to move. They went to an _____________ and looked at details of the houses hehad to offer. They looked at a _____________ house (one of a pair attached to each other),liked it, and asked a _____________ to inspect it for them. He said that it was in good_____________, and they therefore decided to buy it. Soon a _____________ rm was taking

all their _____________ and other possessions to their new home. But already, after acouple of years, they are hoping to _____________ again: they want to get an_____________ to design a modern, _____________ house for them, and a _____________ to

build it.

Collapse - confidence - crisis - currency - default - domestic - issue - jeopardized - laundering

loans - monetary - poverty - prevent - push - reforms - spreading - threatened - throughout -transparency

accommodation - agency - bedroomed - block - classified ads contained - deposit - employer fee floor- landlord - rent - share

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Industry http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/INDUSTRY.HTM

The health of a big, developed country's _________________ depends largely on itsindustry._________________ have to keep busy. They must _________________ and sell their_________________ in large quantities. _________________ must make and sell ships, car_________________ must make and sell cars. A period of industrial success, wheneverything goes well and large _________________ are made, is called a _________________.On the other

_________________ a period when there is not much industrial activity is called_________________.To _________________ a high level of production is not simple. For example Japan, a verysuccessful industrialized country, has very few _________________ such as oil or coal, andhas to import those _________________ from other countries in order to keep itsindustries going, and thus to _________________ needs at home and also to export itsgoods to its _________________ markets.

International relations http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/international_relations.htm

The American President and the Russian leader have announced their intention to____________ a summit ____________ in Vienna next month. The two countries havealready had preliminary ____________ and decided on an ____________ for the meeting.The main ____________ will be a discussion about the ght against terrorism. At a newsconference held in Washington yesterday a government ____________ told journaliststhat the unfortunate ____________ of last year's talks between the two countries had

been caused by disagreements over disarmament. He said the Vienna meeting would bea chance for the two countries to settle their ____________.____________ countries A and B had always had very good, ____________ relations, but in1994, owing to a disagreement over the exact location of the ____________ between them,a ____________ began to develop. Finally, in 1996, in ____________ at military activity bycountry B near the border, country A announced its intention to break ____________diplomatic relations with country B. Both countries ____________ their ambassadors andthe embassies in the two countries were ____________. It is hoped that a solution will befound and that it will be possible to ____________ normal trade, cultural and diplomatic____________ as soon as possible.

architect - builder - condition - cramped - detached - estate agent - furniture move-removals - semi-detached - spacious - surveyor - terraced

boom - economy - factories - hand - maintain - natural resources - overseas - plants - produce products - profits - raw materials -shipyards - slump - supply

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The Internet http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/INTERNET.HTM

The Internet became increasingly accessible to the public with the ____________ of thepersonal computer, and the development of Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML),

which in 1992 led to the World Wide Web (or Web). So, the Internet predates the Web bymany years.The Web is a collection of ____________ that take advantage of the graphic abilities of thenew____________, such as Netscape, Internet Explorer or Opera. A simple ____________ of themouse on a ____________ will take you to the linked page. To keep everyone workingtogether in peace an informal set of rules called Netiquette has evolved.If you are looking for a specic topic, you can use a search ____________ such as Yahoo!

or Google. A search engine will give you a list of all the web pages containing informationabout the subject that you are ____________. However, you should always check theinformation since anyone can create his/her own site and write ____________ they wantin it.

With Facebook you can chat ____________ with other people, post and exchangeinformation. Facebook is not very private. If you dont use it with caution, anyone can

join a chat and read what you are writing about.Sooner or later, everyone knew that business would become interested in this marketingparadise. Individuals and agencies started sending unsolicited mails-also called____________ , especially through newsgroups.These are groups of ____________ who exchange messages about their common interests.

As online commerce becomes more common people have begun to worry that it may not be safe to give information about their credit card through the Internet. In response tothis need, companies in partnerships with banks have developed means of securely____________ this information to make online ____________ safe.

Law and order http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/law&order.htm

A policeman was sent to ____________ the disappearance of some property from a hotel. When he arrived, he found that the hotel staff had ____________ a boy in one of the rooms with a camera and some cash. When the policeman tried to ____________ the boy, he became violent and the policeman had to ____________ him. At the police station the boycould not give a satisfactory explanation for his actions and the police decided to____________ him with the theft of the camera and cash. They took his ____________,locked him in a cell and ____________ him overnight. The next morning he appeared in____________ before the magistrate. He took an ____________ and ____________ not guilty.Two ____________, the owner of the property and a member of the hotel staff, gave

____________. After both sides of the case had been heard the boy was found____________. He had to pay a ____________ of 250 euros and he was given a ____________of three months in prison ____________ for two years.

agenda - border - breakdown - close - closed down - differences - hold item - links - meeting- neighbouring- off - protest - resume - split - spokesman - talks - withdrew

advent - anything - browsers - chat - click encrypting- engine - link online - researching -sites spam surfers - transactions

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Natural disasters http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/natural_disasters.htm

If a country has no rain for a long time, this dry period is called a __________. Incountries dependent __________ their agriculture, this can lead to a period of __________,

when there is not enough food and people actually __________ (die of __________). When itrains very heavily and the land is under water, this is called a __________. In thissituation people and animals can __________. Sometimes helicopters have to drop food__________ to people in areas which are cut off.In some parts of the world, the ground shakes from time to time. This is called an__________ and if it's a bad one, the number of __________ (dead and __________ people) issometimes large. Buildings often __________ and __________ teams have to search forpeople who are __________ under the __________. Sometimes water __________ are

affected and there is an __________ of disease, called an __________. Medical teams aresent by the government to help the sick. The death __________ can reach hundreds oreven thousands.

A new generation of consumers http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/new_consumers.htm

Among other things, the second half of the 20th century will go down in history as aperiod of ____________ consumption. Never before had science and new technologies____________ such an inuence on our purchasing ____________. Nowadays, consumersare both____________ and more ckle, trade wars are being ____________ on globalized marketsand advertising gurus rule the roost in distribution ____________.The year 2000 marked the arrival of a new generation of ____________: these areinvolved in a relentless pursuit of their material comfort. Markets offer them a wide____________ of items in supermarket ____________ while new trends ____________ in the

media push them to try new products and adopt new attitudes.Organic food, cellular phones, "smart cars," TV ____________, let alone Internet shopping,are just a few but glaring ____________ of today's various consuming trends that slowly

become ____________ .For instance, a recent ____________ in Britain showed 81% of those interviewed____________genefoods and wanted producers to spend more money on developing ____________livestock. In spite of recent campaigns denouncing the ____________ effects of cellularphones on the human____________, the sales of mobile phones have been ____________ for a decade to reachunprecedented ____________ gures.The countdown has also begun for the launch of "cyberhomes" ____________ with siliconmicrochips... In future superstores, more electronic ____________ will save shoppersprecious time by cutting down waiting-lines at ____________. New shopping technologylike "smart" ____________ will eventually be as easy to operate as icking a switch.

appeal - appliances - brain - competitor - concern - designs - fixed - granted - hazards - health launched - manufacturers - market - meet - mobile - network operator- rates -

subscriptions subsidiary talking - user-friendly - waves - worst

casualties - collapse - drought - drown earthquake- epidemic - famine - flood hunger -injured on - outbreak - rescue - rubble - starve - supplies - supplies - toll - trapped

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Shopping on the Net is also in a position to change the face of ____________. Besides, thegrowing success of interactive retail methods also means that shopping may no longerinvolve a boring trip down to your local ____________: cable-TV and computers enable usto ____________ through updated catalogues, place ____________ by means of a mouse andget the goods ____________ to our homes within a few hours, which will undoubtedlymark the start of a revolution in our shopping ____________..High street shops are unlikely to resist this form of ____________.

The new poor http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/NEW_POOR.HTM

Poverty has no strict denition and is often divided into "absolute" or "relative"_____________. Absolute poverty is when people cannot _____________ their basicneeds: _____________, food and clothing.Relative deprivation is linked to the notion of social _____________. Due to aninadequate income, poor people live below the living _____________ of their society,

without the things generally owned by others.The poverty line is an _____________ of less than half the national _____________. In 2012,it affected 16% of the population in the U.S.A.The concept of "new poverty' _____________ back to the 80s, when the _____________crisis of the 70s_____________ many people who had had a decent way of life up to then

but were made_____________, often because of _____________. The "new poor" were driven out of homesthey could no longer _____________ and forced to sell many of their _____________,including their cars, which reduced their chances of getting another job.In Europe, new poverty is often equated with long-term _____________. Likely victims are

young peopleand _____________ mothers who rely on _____________ to survive. In the U.S.A., the newpoor are often the working poor, those who work but _____________ such low wages thatthey cannot pay for food,accommodation, health care, education for the children. Blacks and _____________account for large shares of America's poor.Poverty has always existed because decision makers have never dared or wished to

_____________ the right solutions.New poverty generally means relative poverty thanksto the safety nets offered by state assistance (benets, _____________ money). Inextreme situations though, especially when unemploymentis associated with a _____________ of the family unit (divorce, clash between parents andchildren) or addiction, it may lead to absolute poverty and _____________.

aisles - booming - brain - browse - check outs - competition - condemned - consumers - delivered evil- examples - exerted - fought - habits - habits - healthier - mainstream - mall - networks orders packed - poll - range - retailing retailing- sales - set - skyrocketing - trolleys - wary wizardry

accommodation afford average belongings benefits breakdown dates earn economicexclusion Hispanics hit homelessness implement income meet poverty redundant

single standards streamlining unemployment welfare

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Newspapers http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/newspapers1.htm

A newspaper ______________ its money from the price people pay for it (when they buy itfrom the ______________ or newsstand, or when they ______________ to it) and also fromthe advertising it ______________. A popular newspaper with a ______________ of over vemillion daily makes a lot of money. Less serious newspapers are probably read just for______________. They carry big ______________ above the news stories, funny______________ to look at and sensational pictures of violence. The ______________columns are full of stories of the private lives of ______________ people.No one takes the political ______________ of such papers very seriously. On the otherhand, in a free country where there is no ______________, serious newspapers are readprincipally for their news, sent to them by their foreign ______________ round the worldand by the big ______________. People also read these newspapers for their ______________of new books, lms and plays written by some famous ______________, and for their______________, which represent the ______________ of the newspaper itself about theimportant ______________ and issues of the moment. The sports, travel, nancial and TV______________ of our ______________ are also widely read.

Public Relations http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/PR.HTM

The primary goal of public relations is to ____________ a company's reputation and help____________ public consent for its activities. Today's business environment has becomeso ____________ that public consent can no longer be ____________; it must be____________ continuously.The term public relations is widely misunderstood and ____________. Part of theconfusion is due to the fact that PR covers a very broad ____________. Every____________, organization, or government ____________ has relationships with groups ofpeople who are ____________ by what it does or says. They may be enployees,____________, ____________holders, ____________, ____________, legislators, or thecommunity in which the organization resides. Marketing people refer to these as____________ because they all have some vested ____________ in the company's activities.Each of these groups is considered one of the organization's ____________, and the goal of

PR is to develop and maintain good-____________ with most, if not all of its publics.____________ to do so may mean loss of customers and ____________, time lost dealing

with complaints or ____________, and loss of esteem (which weakens the organization's brand ____________ as well as its ability to ____________ nancing,make sales, and expand.

carries cartoons censorship circulation correspondents critic dailies editorialsentertainment events famous gossip headlines makes news agencies newsagent

opinion reviews sections subscribe views

Affected area assumed body build company competitive competitors - customers earned equity Failure interest lawsuits manage misused publics revenues -

secure stakeholders stock - suppliers - will

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The press http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/PRESS.HTM

The press usually refers just to newspapers, also called ____________, but the term can beextended to include magazines, i.e. ____________ or monthlies. Newspapers are eithertabloid, a format usually associated in the English-speaking world with the ____________press (such as the Sun), or ____________, associated with quality journalism (such as theTimes). ____________ are sometimes referred to as the gutter press by people whodisapprove ____________ them.Tabloids often have very large ____________ (numbers of copies sold) and even bigger____________ (total number of people reading them). Papers such as these are oftenreferred to as mass circulation papers.The people in charge of newspaper content are ____________. The people who write forthem are____________. Someone who writes articles that appear regularly, usually in the sameplace in the paper,and often with powerfully expressed opinions, is a ____________. The British nationalpress is referred to as ____________ Street, although no national paper is now producedin this London street.Newspapers ____________ or ____________ articles or stories. ____________ give thepaper's opinion about the news of the day. In a quality paper, the most importanteditorial is the leading article or ____________. These, and the other editorials, are

written by leader writers.Governments that limit press freedom are accused of ____________ the press. This maytake the form a ____________ code of practice ____________ by a body referred toinformally as a ____________. If the watchdog is ineffective, it is described as toothless. Ifthis is not enough for the government, it may impose ____________ (legally enforceable)controls. The authorities are then described as ____________ down or ____________ downon the press. They may also be accused of press ____________ and of limiting press____________ or the freedom of the press.

Public transport http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/public_transport.htm

A taxi, also called a _____________, is the most comfortable way to travel. You simply_____________ the taxi in the street or go to a taxi-_____________, where there areseveral taxis waiting, for example at a station. At the end of your _____________, youcan see how much the _____________ is by looking at the meter. You add a_____________ to this, and that's it. Very simple. But expensive! What about taking a

bus? If it has two _____________, it's called a double-decker and you can get a good view from the _____________. Most buses have a two-person _____________: the_____________, who drives, of course, and the _____________, who takes your money.Keep your ticket because an _____________ might want to check it. You catch a bus by

waiting at a bus _____________, usually a bus _____________. You can see where a busis going because the _____________ is written on the _____________. But try to avoid

the _____________ hour. Quicker than the bus is the _____________ (called the tube inLondon, the subway in New York and the metro in Paris and many other cities). You buy your ticket at the _____________ Go down to the _____________ on the_____________ or in the lift. The train comes. The _____________ doors open. You get

Broadsheet carry censorship circulations clamping columnist cracking - dailies Editorials editors Fleet freedom gagging journalists leader of overseen - popular readerships run statutory Tabloids voluntary watchdog - weeklies

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on. Very simple. For longer distances take a train or a long-distance bus, usuallycalled a _____________, which is slower but cheaper. The train is very fast. Put your_____________ on the _____________ and sit and wait till you arrive.

Reading http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/READING.HTM

I love books. I love reading. I'm a real ____________, and I love to ____________ in bookshops, just looking briey at one book after another. I look at the illustrations, thephotos or drawings and read the ____________ that explain these. If there are foreign or

technical words in the book, I look at the ____________ at the back for their meanings(unless they're explained in ____________ at the bottom of the pages) and I look at the____________, also at the back, which is a list of other books on the same subject. And Iuse the ____________ a lot. I ____________ two or three books a week, and I have to pay a____________ - if I return them late. Friends often ____________ books to me, and I alsoread book ____________ in the newspapers. I ____________ always agree with them, butanyway they let meknow what new books are being ____________.

Shopping http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/SHOPPING.HTM

If you want to buy a __________ (or we sometimes say off-the-peg jacket), rst nd the jackets in the shop and look at the __________ inside to see the __________, material andmake. For the price, look at the price __________. To see if it will __________ you, you can__________ the jacket in front of a mirror.If necessary an __________ will help you. You pay the __________, who you will nd at the

__________. He or she will take your money, put it in the __________ and give you your__________.Make sure you also get a __________, which you should keep and bring back to the shop

with the jacket if something is wrong with it and you want to __________ it or ask for a__________ of your money. In clothes shops you pay the xed price, of course. You don't__________. Or you can wait until the __________, when many goods are reduced in price.If you don't like shops, you can stay at home, look at catalogues and newspaperadvertisements and do your shopping by mail __________.

Cab coach conductor - crew destination driver escalator fare floors front - hailinspector journey luggage platform - rack rank rush shelter sliding stop - ticket-

office - tip top - underground

Bibliography bookworm borrow browse captions - don't fine footnotes glossary library published recommend - reviews

assistant bargain cash-desk cashier change exchange fit label order - ready-made receipt refund sales size - tag till - try on

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Sponsorship http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/sponsorship.htm

Commercial success depends very much on stars and big ____________ and the resultsare sometimes uncertain. The World Cup is over but its marketing lessons are still beingassimilated. The ____________ of commerce into the beautiful game was more evidentthan in any ____________ World Cup. Despite unprecedented television ____________ anda growing appetite for football across gender and class divides, commercial success onthe back of the world's largest sporting event is very uncertain. In a ____________ inGermany by advertising agency BDDO, Eurocard/Mastercard, Philips, Gillette, JVC andCasio were recognised as event ____________ by less than 1 % of those polled. Even

Adidas chairman groused about the commercial ____________ that diluted the____________ of sponsors, such as Adidas, that had paid top dollar. That's 20 million fora seat at the table and probably the same again in ____________ and advertising aroundthe event.

Sports & money http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/sports&money.htm

Sport ___________ a huge part of our lives. Satellite and cable television have ___________sports ___________, the BBC ___________ well over 100m on the subject. When Vic

Wakeling, the___________ of Sky Sports makes a decisions, it ___________ into the heartof political power. In 1996, Michael Jordan brought home a grand total of $78.3m, not

bad for playing some basketball, ___________ for a few hot dogs, and letting a few___________ put his face by their product and associate it with their ___________. Butalthough the public tends to ___________ on such players who ___________ the roost, realpower in sport is with the ___________ and ___________ who control them, their___________, appearance money and rights to many of their ___________ events. In thateld nobody is more powerful than American Mark McCormack, head of a sportsmanagement empire ___________ on the back of golf and now ___________ to all sports. Inhorse racing Sheikh Mohammed has ___________ hundreds ofmillions into the sport. He controls the ___________ of trainers, jockeys, agents andshippers. Bernie Ecclestone ___________ every aspect of Formula One.

Television http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/television.htm

The _______________ is a phrase often used to describe ways of giving information and_______________ to very large numbers of people. It includes newspapers, magazines,radio and, of course, television. In our countries people can _______________ to any ofover thirty different TV _______________ thanks to the cable or a _______________. Dotelevision _______________ inuence our minds? Do they indoctrinate us?_______________ the news completely objective, i.e. neutral, or is it _______________, i.e.

Audiences clutter encroachment events impact previous promotion sponsors - survey

Agents brand channels companies controls - dedicated dominates extending focus founded head incomes managers posing poured reaches rule spends

sponsorship - televised

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considered from one particular _______________ ? Don't the _______________ for alcohol,food and other goods _______________ our minds? Even the _______________ going on

week after week telling the story of one family or group of people, or _______________ -amusing drama series - sometimes make us want to copy the life style we see on the_______________. Also _______________ - which give people big _______________ foranswering simple questions can make us greedy. Some programmes are _______________

by tens of millions of _______________. This is how advertising _______________ ontelevision are calculated: the bigger the _______________, the more _______________ thecommercial. This type of research is knows as _______________.

Theatre http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/THEATRE.HTM

The person who directs the preparation of a play is the ____________. Sometimes the____________, who wrote the play, works with him. One of the rst things to be done is tochoose the ____________, i.e. the actors and actresses. For this purpose, ____________ areheld at which actors ____________ short pieces and the most suitable are chosen for the____________ in the play. Before the play is ____________ in front of an ____________ ofhundreds of theatre-goers, of course there are a lot of ____________. At last, the____________ ! When the ____________ goes down at the end, will there be enthusiastic____________ ... or silence? Will the newspaper ____________ be good or bad? What willthe ____________ think? Everyone hopes for a ____________ that will ____________ formonths or even years, but the play might be a ____________ and only last a few days. It'shard work in the theatre for a theatre ____________. There are evening ____________ - sixnights a week and afternoon shows, called ____________, once or twice as well.

Time expressions http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/time_expressions.htm

(a) Her parties usually nish before midnight, but sometimes they go on____________________.(b) People who have ____________________ watches tend to say '7.50' rather than 'l 0 to 8'.(c) The plane is due to reach Bangkok at 5.30 a.m. ____________________.(d) If you cross Russia, you pass through eight different ____________________.(e) Novels don't always describe events in ____________________. It can be confusing.(f) The First World War took place in the second ____________________ of the XXth____________________. That was in the second ____________________!

(g) After leaving university he had a ____________________ of teaching and then wentinto industry.(h) In British history the period 1837 to 1901 is known as the ____________________

Angle audience - audience rating biased channels commercials condition -entertainment - Expensive Is - mass media prizes - programmes - quiz shows rates -

satellite dish - screen sitcoms - soap operas switch viewers - watched

Applause audience auditions cast company critics curtain director - first night - flop - hit matines parts - perform performances performed playwright rehearsals

reviews - run

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(i) But that happened at ____________________ of the century, around 1900. ! It was overa hundred

years ago!(j) I always get up at ____________________ to listen to the early birds singing in the trees.(k) People born on a February 29th only get older every ____________________, don'tthey?(l) Their food is adequate; it includes meat at least ____________________, vegetables andfruit every day.(m) She's quite happy in Australia on the whole, but of course she misses her family____________________.(n) They're redecorating my digs, so for ____________________ I'm sleeping at a friend's.(o) High Speed Trains are very punctual; they always leave ____________________.(p) She set the alarm so she'd wake up ____________________ to give her son hismedication.(q) He was ____________________ of his time employing ex-convicts and handicapped.(r) She ran for the staircase and down the steps, taking two ____________________.(s) The situation is calm for the time ____________________.(t) When you start your studies, it is hard to imagine what'll happen in

____________________.(u) If we're out, we always make sure we are back home in ____________________ to watchthe 10 o'clock news.(v) She had ____________________ for me in the midst of her busy schedule.(w) We were delayed last week, but are working hard to ____________________ lost time.(x) Time ____________________ time television channels showed us pictures of thecollapsing towers(y) For some it was awful, while for others, especially the young, it was the time____________________.(z) Their new commercial will run four times this week at ____________________ time.(1) Reading the newspaper every day is a time ____________________ pursuit.(2) The time ____________________ within which all this occurred was between July andSeptember last

year(3) The time-____________________ between research and application may be very long.(4) This proposal is a political ____________________ that could cost the government thenext elections(5) The likelihood is that these companies will start showing prot on a two-year____________________.(6) The remen got the children out in the ____________________. Less than a minutelater the buildingcollapsed.

Travelling (1) http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/TRAVEL1.HTM

People have more money and more ________________ nowadays and even young peoplecan ________________ to go ________________. Many ________________ offer cheap

After ahead - at a time - at times being century - chronological order consuming dawn decade digital - every other day - five years' time frame - good time - in time - intothe small hours lag leap year - local time - made time - make up for millennium - nick oftime - of their lives - on time peak spell - the time being - the turn - time bomb - time scale -

time zones - Victorian era

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________________ tickets for ________________ to all parts of the world with________________ such as Virgin or Sobelair, so youngsters can avoid the________________, well-known places and get to less famous areas which are off________________. Instead of using public transport and hotels, they can travel by________________ and stay at youth ________________. But most people prefer some kindof ________________ holiday at a popular holiday ________________, which means thateverything is arranged for you by the ________________ and the price you pay includestransport, food and ________________. Try to avoid taking your holiday during the busy________________ season. It's more crowded and ________________. If possible, go in thequieter ________________ period.

Travelling (2) http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/TRAVEL2.HTM

(a) For general advice about travel, go to a ____________.(b) One day I would like to do the ____________ by train and ship across Russia to Japan.(c) We're going on a ____________ of Europe, visiting 11 countries in ve weeks.(d) We went on a three-week ____________ round the Mediterranean. The ship____________ at

Venice, Athens, Istanbul and Alexandria.(e) He once went by ship to Australia. The ____________ took 3 1/2 weeks.(f) l'm going on a business ____________ to Paris next weekend.

(g) Air France ____________ 507 from Paris to New York will be ____________ off in tenminutes.(h) The ____________ from Heathrow Airport to the centre of London takes about 45minutes____________ underground.(i) On our rst day in New York we went on a three-hour ____________ of the city by bus,

which showedus the main ____________.(j) During our stay in London we went on a day ____________ to Oxford, and another to

Windsor.

Welfare http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/WELFARE.HTM

A country which helps its old, sick, ______________ and unemployed is called a______________ state. ______________ people receive a state pension when they

______________ at the age of 60 or 65. People with low ______________ who cannot______________ to buy or rent decent ______________ are given houses or ats with______________ rents, which means that the government or local ______________ supportsthe rent to keep it low. Sick people get free medical ______________ from their doctor or

Abroad accommodation afford airlines crowded - cut-price expensive flights -hitch-hiking hostels leisure - off-peak package - peak resort - the beaten track - tour

operator - travel agents

By called cruise flight journey journey sights taking tour - tour - travel agent -trip - trip - voyage

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at the hospital. Mothers of small children get special state nancial ______________, andof course older children receive free ______________ and may be entitled to a______________, or ______________, to study in higher education. Physically______________ people, who cannot move normally, and mentally handicapped people,

whose minds are not fully developed, also receive special assistance and, if necessary,special ______________ to help them live normal lives. People who are ______________ arenormally ______________ to receive unemployment ______________, which is paid by thestate. The social services (government departments responsible for. people's______________) will help people who, nancially, physically or psychologically, havedifculty in ______________ with life and ______________ will visit such people in theirhomes.

Attitudes to work & leisure http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/work&leisure.htm

Most adults ______________ to more ______________ but, in fact, not many people have thenecessary initiative to use the free time they already have very ______________. The sadfact is that we need work because it ______________ on us the discipline we need. Withoutit, life may seem ______________ and we secretly look ______________ to our work again.

We dream about personal ______________ but probably nd it more in our work than inour leisure time. This depends ______________ age. The ______________ are free from work

and ______________, and freedom comes naturally to them. However, after they begin jobs they become ______________ by work. They nd they need it, however much they______________ about its routine and regimentation. Obviously this again depends on thekind of work. Those with ______________ jobs, or jobs which require creativity, receive______________ satisfaction from their work, but most of us are in conventional______________ jobs which offer little ______________ for imagination. Some leave their

work only to face leisure that they nd difcult to ______________ with. Our mistake is in______________ leisure as a chance to do nothing, whereas in fact it should be looked onas a ______________.

Work (1) http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/WORK1.HTM

In times of high unemployment there are usually many ______________ when a vacancyis ______________. Sometimes large numbers of people ______________ in and send off______________ forms for a single job. It is not unusual, in fact, for hundreds of people to______________ to a rm for one post, sending in their application letter and CV, or______________.

accommodation afford benefit benefits coping council disabled disabled Elderly eligible equipment grant incomes - out of work retire scholarship - schooling -

social workers subsidized treatment welfare - well-being

9 to 5 aimless aspire challenge complain conditioned constructively cope forward fulfilment genuine imposes leisure on regarding responsibility -

rewarding scope - young

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This number is reduced to a ______________ of perhaps six or eight, from whom a nalchoice is______________ when they all ______________ an interview. Very possibly the peopleinterviewing will be interested in the ______________ the candidates gained at school oruniversity and what ______________ they have gathered in ______________ jobs. They willprobably ask for written ______________ by the candidates' teachers and ______________employers, called ______________.

Work (2) http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/WORK2.HTM

Job _______________ is important but I have a wife and baby so I have to think aboutmoney too. If a job interests me, I need to know what _______________ it offers and also

whether there are regular annual increases, called _______________. I want to know if I will receive a pension when I _______________ at the age of 60 or 65. If the job is selling aproduct, ask if I'll receive a percentage of the value of what I sell, called _______________.It is also important to know if there are extra advantages, like free meals or transport,or the free use of a _______________ car. These are called _______________ or_______________. Are the future _______________ good? For example, is there a goodchance of _______________ to a better job, with more money and _______________? Is the

job near my home? If it isn't, l'Il have to _______________ every day and this can beexpensive. I am very keen to be successful. I don't want to stay _______________ the same

job all my life.

World population http://ihecs-langues.be/JPRhotpot/Menus/world_population.htm

The UN considers October 12th, 1999 the day on which there were 6 ___________ peoplein the world, 247 babies being born every minute. The earth ___________ 80 million morepeople each year, most of them living in the south. The developing world ___________ forover 95% of population growth. Even if these ___________ look impressive, the sodreaded population bomb is most unlikely to explode.Optimistic ___________ are based on positive and negative factors: the positive ones arethe drop in the birth ___________ and in the population growth rate, partly due to betteruse of contraceptives in ___________ countries. Since 1969, developing countries haveseen ___________ fall from six children per woman to three. By 2025, the US ___________Bureau estimates that the fertility rate of the less developed countries will have___________ to 2.4, which is very close to 2.1, considered to be the ___________ level.

The negative factors are the devastating effects of ___________ in Africa, where life___________ has plummeted in the worst-hit countries. The main feature of thisdemographic ___________ is an ageing of the population. It is estimated that ___________the year 2050, 95% of the rise in the number of the ___________ will have taken place in

Advertised applicants applications apply - attend experience fill former - made previous qualifications- referees references rsum - short-list

Commission - commute company fringe benefits in increments - perks - promotion prospects responsibility retire salary - satisfaction

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developing countries, which should be a ___________ on the development of the countriesconcerned. ___________ will also be a headache for western countries, which will have to___________ about public ___________ and health ___________.Demographic ___________ go together with questions of economic growth, wealth and itsdistribution. Industrialized countries, that is 20% of the world's population, hold 80% ofthe world's ___________. Because the ___________ of global growth have not been evenlydistributed, it has become urgent to help ___________ the economic growth of thecountries left behind.

Accounts Ageing - AIDS benefits billion boost brake by care Census counts developing elderly expectancy fallen fertility figures forecasts issues pensions

rate replacement - slowdown wealth - worry

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Flying is fun. I like being in a big airliner with the crew, i.e. the stewards andstewardesses looking after me. They walk up and down the aisle - bringing meals anddrinks; and if the ight is going through some turbulence, such as an air pocket, they

warn everybody that it might be a bit bumpy and ask us to fasten our seat belts. On along ight I like listening to music through the headphones available to all passengers,and sometimes I have a sleep. I enjoy it all so much that I never want the plane to land.

Activism

The British have long been concerned about animal welfare and were among the rst tocall for legislation on this matter. There are three main concepts reecting differentapproaches to the topic: Conservation may be dened as the protection of wildlife andendangered species.

Animal welfare refers to the well-being of animals. Welfarists call for the "best possibleconditions" for animals, free from cruelty or unnecessary bodily harm. Animal rightscovers conservation and animal welfare plus the more radical idea that animals shouldnot be held in captivity (on farms, in zoos or in circuses) or eaten. Animal rightsactivists are either vegetarians or vegans (i.e. they do not eat meat, sh, poultry, animalmilk, cheese or eggs).The move to protect animals has led to the creation of cruelty-free products, i.e.products which have not been tested on animals. In Britain, animal activists havesuccessfully waged a campaign for such cosmetics. This resulted in a bill passed inNovember 1998 which bans all cosmetics tested on animals in Britain, although it doesnot apply to imported products. Anita Roddick owns The Body Shop, whichmanufactures cosmetics and toiletries, and was a key gure in raising public awarenessabout the issue. These products have become hugely popular. The rm Beauty WithoutCruelty bas pursued a similar aim though with less commercial success. Anothersensitive issue is the use of animals by the fur trade. Anti-fur campaigns have led to a

sharp decline in fur sales and there is now a stigma attached to wearing fur in Britain.In January 2002 Parliament agreed to outlaw the remaining 13 mink farms, offeringthem nancial compensation.

Art

One of the most creative things anyone can do is to make a work of art, whether it's asculptor carving a sculpture or a painter painting pictures. Amateur artists do it fortheir own satisfaction and pleasure, but professional artists have to make a living fromtheir art and they are dependent on dealers to sell their works in city galleries. I myselfhave a Picasso. Of course, it's a reproduction, not an original, as I can't afford that! A lotof people buy a camera just to take holiday snapshots. They have prints made and putthem in an album or sometimes they prefer slides, which they can show on the wall orscreen with a projector. Other people are more serious. They develop and print theirlms themselves in their own darkroom at home. If they want big pictures they makeenlargements.

Banking

It's very simple to open a bank account in Britain. There are very few formalities. Justgo to your local branch, ll in a few forms, and that's it. You will probably only have topay bank charges if there is no money in your account or if you borrow money from the

bank, in other words if you have an overdraft or want a loan or a mortgage. For regulareveryday use most people prefer a current account. This normally earns no or littleinterest. A deposit account earns some interest but it's not so easy to withdraw yourmoney. You sometimes have to give a week's notice.

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At regular intervals, perhaps monthly, you will receive a statement from the bank,giving details of each deposit (money you put in) and withdrawal (money you take out).If you're not sure how much money you have in your account, you can just go to your

bank and ask what your balance is. If you have to make a regular payment, like rent, youcan ask the bank to pay this amount for you automatically. This arrangement is called astanding order. Today you no longer depend on bank opening hours to cash money, as

you can witdraw plastic money from cash machines (also called cash dispensers) andcan transfer money through electronic banking. Some people spend more money thanthey earn. In other words, their expenditure is greater than their income. If you takemore money out of the bank than you have in your account, you are overdrawn.

Censorship

The amount of offensive material we are exposed to in lms nowadays is surelyexcessive. Most people accept that scenes of sex and violence are sometimes necessaryto tell a story, but all too often these scenes are gratuitous; they are unnecessary andsimply inserted in the lm to appeal to the baser human instincts. Censorship isnecessary, especially to protect children from the corrupting inuence of such scenes,

often masquerading as art, in our cinemas. There should also be censorship ofpornographic and paedophilic magazines produced by unscrupulous people willing tocater for the perverted tastes of a small minority. Such materials destroy the innocenceof the young and degrade all who read it. On the other hand, there are those who saythat something which is banned becomes desirable, so censorship is counter-productive,and that censorship infringes on our freedom of choice. However freedom is not merelyfreedom to do what we want but freedom from attempts to destroy society's moralstandards. Censorship provides the safeguards by which society protects itself.

Cinema & lms (1)

Marlon Brando is a superb actor and in 'On the Waterfront' he gave his nestperformance. It is his best-known role. The cast also included Eva Marie Saint and KarlMalden. The lm's director, Elia Kazan, never made a better lm. Parts of the lm wereshot in the studios in Hollywood, but a lot was made on location in the streets of New

York, which makes it at times like a documentary. The critics loved the lm but it wasnot only a critical success. It was a great box-ofce success as well, and made anenormous prot. The plot is about a young man's attempt to be a boxing champion.

Cinema & lms (2)

Fiona and I went to the cinema the other day to see 'Boyhood' at UGC. The review by the"Libre Belgique" critic was good, and we decided to go to the 8 o'clock performance. WhenI arrived, Fiona was waiting for me in the foyer, looking at a poster for 'Boyhood' on the

wall. The usherette took our tickets and showed us to our seats. I don't like to be tooclose to the screen and I usually sit in the back row if possible, and I prefer a seat on theaisle so I can stretch my legs. Before the main lm there was a Mickey Mouse cartoon,then a trailer for the following week's lm. "Boyhood" was an outstanding lm and weenjoyed it tremendously.

City life

Most people in developed countries are city-dwellers, many drawn by the irresistiblelure of the metropolis. The attractions of the city are many: the cosmopolitanatmosphere, foreign restaurants, different languages, international companies, thestimulation of cultural events or the simple hope of nding work. All too many nd,however, that the glamorous facade is false. One can be very alone in the city and the

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anonimity which at rst seems to give freedom and protection later leaves justloneliness., experienced very painfully by the elderly. There is a lot to do but everythingis expensive. The cost of living, food and accommodation, is high. There is pollution notonly of the physical but also of the moral environment and the various pressuresof urban life cause cities to breed crime and violence. Above all, perhaps, it is the dailystresses and strains of the city which make life there a matter of survival rather thanenjoyment. Many a commuter struggling to work through the rush-hour congestionprobably wonders 'Is it worth it?'

Computers

Just imagine what the world would be without computers. A computer is an electronicmachine that performs calculations and processes data automatically at high speed. Acomputer cannot work without software--i.e., a programme--which controls the differenthardware components of the computer. Desktop computers can be placed on top of adesk but are not very transportable, while portable computers are light enough to beeasily transported. A personal computer typically has a keyboard and a mouse as itsinput unit, while output units are the screen, the printer, the loudspeakers. There are

many application programmess that individual users can conveniently run. Desktoppublishing is the creation of pages for publication using personal computers.Spreadsheet programs are the most popular programs for business calculations. Theyallow the user to enter columns and rows of digits. Database management is the quicksearch and retrieval of needed information from a collection of data --i.e., a database.

Crime

The good news is that crime has fallen markedly in recent years. Statistics may notreect people'sexperience or fear of crime but the gures speak for themselves: in America, crime rates

have never been so low since the government started keeping records 25 years ago.Criminologists and politicians from all over the world have ocked to America to learnabout law-enforcement. If the media are to be believed, America's tough approach can becredited for the sharp drop in crime rates. These did not start falling, it is frequentlyargued, until strict sentencing was introduced.Strict law enforcement and mandatatory sentences did much to deter potentialcriminals. And the drop in crime is steepest in the South, where laws are especiallystrict: Texas has the highest incarceration rate in the US and a crime rate at a 20-yearlow. In 1997, the murder rate was down 10% on 1996. Another popular concept based onthe "broken windows" theory is zero tolerance. Stop petty offenders, lock them away andthey will not graduate to more serious crime. Still other tough techniques such as teencurfews now being tested in Britain or France down well with voters who like theirpoliticians to sound and act tough on crime. Whether such measures really work is moredebatable. Experts say the crime rate in the US started going down before they becameeffective. Civil rights activists claim they often result in racial bias if not outrightdiscrimination. Interestingly, a more softly-softly approach seems to be working just as

well, even if it does not make for sensational newspaper headlines. Neighbourhoodpolicing based on community contacts has done much to reclaim the streets of

Washington or Boston, while the Maori-inspired concept of restorative justice-bringingcriminals and their victims face to face-has greatly reduced the number of juveniles

brought to court for reoffending. What is certain is that the current drop in crime isattributable to the end of the crack epidemic and to demographics as well as to any ofthe policies mentioned above.

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Issues in education

It is interesting that in some countries which are socialist and therefore supposedlyclassless , the educational system is based on streaming , which means that children areeducated according to their ability, with the more gifted children separated from theothers. Supporters of this system say that more intelligent children will be helped toachieve their full potential in this way and that these children will be held back if theyhave to share lessons with less clever pupils. Opponents of this system, on the otherhand, maintain that it creates an educated elite, a special class of privi

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