Commuter Rail System

Commuter Rail System

An Analyze In Developed Countries

Present:

Amin SePehrNia

Definitions and concepts

Commuter rail is a public transport system in which delivers

service to commuters.

Commuter lines normally extend an average of 50 miles from

their downtown terminus.

Commuter train is a passenger train that is ridden mainly by

passengers who travel regularly from one place to another.

2Am!n SePehrNia – Commuter Rail System

The trains are normally made up of a locomotive and a

number of passenger coaches.

The coaches are dimensionally similar to intercity coaches, but

typically have higher density seating as the average ride is

shorter.

Commuter rail, also called suburban rail.

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Definitions and concepts

Am!n SePehrNia – Commuter Rail System

Characteristics

Providing more seating and less standing space, for the longer

distances involved.

Having scheduled services.

Deliver services to lower-density suburban areas.

Having a lower frequency of service.

In ideal situation, trains run at high speed, they’re scheduled

and they have minimum stops.


The scheduled Trains

Commuter rail system has lower frequency in compare with

rapid railway.

Instead of fixed times it follows scheduled programs.

Moreover fewer stations have separated with longer distances.

At first commuter rail, serves the suburbs with lower density

and often shares its right with other rail transportation system.


In some cases services are only offered in rush hours.

In some cities, service is operated throughout the day and

evening and on weekends.

The distance range of commuter trains varies between 15

to 200 kilometers.

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The scheduled Trains


Differences between CR and other rail transport systems

Inter-city trains are more comfortable than commuter trains.

In inter-city train there are many spaces for passengers’ luggage.

As the most important thing in commuter train is“the number of

seats”.

Generally commuter trains are optimized for maximum seats.


The “rapid transport”

Normally covers the urban areas with higher trains frequency.

Runs in domain between 12 to 20 km

Serves on a separate line and infrastructure.

Commuter rail usually uses of tracks, technology and standard

framework on the mainline of railroad network.

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Differences between CR and other rail transport systems


• The Largest urban area in the world with approximately 31,200,000

people.

• The urban area covers 2030 square miles.

• 15,369 people per square mile.

• 15 billion rides are carried annually.

• One of the most successful world’s metropolis in public transport.

• The highest public transport market share among urban areas.

TOKYO-YOKOHAMA


* Roughly 57 % of all travels in Tokyo are by public transport.

* The largest urban railway network in the world:

* The commuter rails and metro are completely integrated with each

other.

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TOKYO-YOKOHAMA

*158 lines *48 operators

*4714.5 km operational tracks *2210 stations.


The routes have extended about 1800 miles with more than 1200

stations based on 60 lines.

All of these routes are owned to commuter trains system.

(without sharing with freight trains).

This system is completely profitable without any investment or

financing from government.

The Commuter Rail System in Tokyo


Commuter train feeds two of the word’s largest subway systems:

Yokohama Subway System

Chiba Monorail System.

A kind of coordinating and cooperation in the railway services

that just belongs to Japan.

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The Commuter Rail System in Tokyo


Reciprocal service on northern suburban line

(Tobu Isezaki Line-Tokyo)

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International Standard gauge 1435 mm has changed to 1067 mm.


Commuter railway corporations have compact bus network that

feeds trains.

The number of buses in these lines are estimated more than 5000

and this network is separated from common bus system .

There are 0.61 commuter rail stations per square mile.

1 station available for each 1.6 square miles of city area.

“Yamanote” is a commuter route that has surrounded the central

business area with more than 4.2 million jobs.14

The Commuter Train System in Tokyo


tokyo-map.png

tokyo-map.png

Distinctive Commuter Rail System in Tokyo

Cooperation between companies that deliver public transport

services.

Competing between companies that deliver suburban services.

Applied technology in suburban railway

Differentiation

Diversity

Accuracy and agility

Profitability

in Service Delivery


OSAKA-KOBE-KYOTO

Osaka with approximately 15,250,000 people is the second urban

area in japan.

The urban area covers 1050 square miles.

14,500 peoples per square mile.

The second highest public transport ridership in the automotive

world with 6 billion annual Trips.

Roughly 60 percent of all travels in Osaka are done by public

transport.17Am!n SePehrNia – Commuter Rail System

The high amount of public transport passengers are carried by

suburban railways.

Osaka has more than 1000 miles route with more than 1000

stations based on 30 lines in commuter rail network.

There are 1.01 commuter rail stations per square mile.

It means the commuter trains are more accessible than Tokyo.

The Commuter Rail System in Osaka


o The commuter rail system operates as a profitable enterprise

without any investment or financing from government.

o Railway private companies have prepared a dense and

connected network with more than 2500 bus that is separated

from common bus system.

o The commuter railways are connected with subway lines.

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The Commuter Train System in Osaka


Osaka Loop Line (21.7 km), which connects all subway lines,

and the two Hankai tramway lines.

As is common with other Japanese metro systems, some lines

have a reciprocal service with suburban rail lines.


osaka-map.png

osaka-map.png

NAGOYA

Nagoya has approximately 8 million people.

With population density less than Tokyo and Osaka and 7,400

peoples per square mile is the third largest urban area in Japan.

The urban area covers 1090 square miles.

Public transport market share for Nagoya is 25 percent.

Half of it belongs to commuter rail system.


Suburban trains in Nagoya have 650 million passenger annually.

Nagoya has a comprehensive commuter rail system with more

than 500 miles route and more than 800 stations based on 35 lines.

The Commuter Train System in Nagoya

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This system belongs to private sector that has about 800 buses

more over common bus system in city.


In Nagoya there are 0.77 commuter rail stations per square mile.

In each 1.3 mile, one station will be accessible.

Like Osaka, Nagoya is more accessible than Tokyo.

Nagoya commuter rail system is managed by private sector -

without any subsidies or financing from government.

The Commuter Train System in Nagoya


39 km Meitetsu Nagoya Railroad a private suburban rail

service, partly shared service on Tsurumai Subway Line.

8.5 km KinetsuKinki Nippon Railway (suburban) 5 km

Tokai Kotsu Jigyo.



nagoya-map.gif

nagoya-map.gif

The success factors of commuter railway and public transport

Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya

Great development in public transport system before

widespread use of private Vehicles.

The coordinated and integrated public transport system.

Extended commuter railway.

Connecting to bus network

The higher speed of public transport system

The high frequency of service delivery27Am!n SePehrNia – Commuter Rail System

PARIS

The Europe's largest public transport system.

9,650,000 people and 9,100 density per square mile.

24 % of travels in Paris are being done by public transport

system.

One-quarter of passengers are carried by suburban trains.

The main core of this system is local rapid trains network that

deliver services to suburbs.


The commuter railway system in Paris is expanded with more

than 1000 miles route on 40 lines and about 500 stations.

In Paris there are 0.51 commuter rail station per square.

In each 1.3 mile, one station will be accessible.

The frequency of services are lower than Tokyo.

between 0 to 12 percent of services are delivered every 5 minutes

out of rush hour.

The Commuter Train System in Paris



paris-full-map.png

paris-full-map.png

London

Greater London is home to some 12,200,000 people.

London with 7600 population density per square mile, has the

second public transportation system in Europe.

This system obtain roughly 19 % of travels in London.

The main goal is deliver services to London commercial center

that has more than 1,300,000 jobs.31Am!n SePehrNia – Commuter Rail System

o In London, commuter railway lines don’t follow into urban area.

o All travels which have done by commuter train, in suburbs

stations and by connecting to subway finish.

o About 20 percent of public transportation share, belongs to

commuter trains.

o 4 percent of all travels in London belongs to suburban trains.

The Commuter Train System in London


london-map-giant (1).png

london-map-giant (1).png

Commuter rail system in London includes 2260 miles routes

and 700 Stations on 40 lines.

London commuter train, has 0.47 station per square mile.

One station for each 2.1 square miles.

The frequency of service delivery, is higher than Paris.

35

The Commuter Train System in London

SYDNEY

Largest urban area in Australia.

3.6 million people and 4,365 population density per square mile.

The Sydney’s share of public transport is about 13.6 percent.

It’s a high-share for a city with low population density.

More than 1500 miles route and 300 CR stations on 15 lines.

There are 0.38 station per square mile.

One station for each 2.6 square miles.


The Commuter Train System in Sydney

41 percent of passengers in public transport services ride with

commuter trains.

The central business district has nearly 10 percent of

employment in the area, whereas Parramatta region has about

1 percent of jobs but it has 30 percent work trips’ market share

in the public transport system.


sydney-map.gif

sydney-map.gif

Table1. Demographic

Demography

TOKYO

OSAKA

NAGOYA

PARIS

LONDON

SYDNEY

Population

(Million)31.2 15.25 8.05 9.65 12.23 3.6

Urban Area

(Square Miles)

2,030 1,050 1,090 1,060 1,600 811

Population Density

(Persons Per Square mile)15,369 14,524 7,385 9,104 7,644 4,365


Figure 1. Population

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

TOKYO OSAKA NAGOYA PARIS LONDON SYDNEY

31,200

15,250

8,0509,650

12,230

3,593

Population (000)


Figure 2. Urban Area

2,030

1,050

1,090

1,060

1,600

811

Urban Area (Square Miles)

TOKYO OSAKA NAGOYA

PARIS LONDON SYDNEY41


15,369

14,524

7,385

9,104

7,644

4,365

TOKYO

OSAKA

NAGOYA

PARIS

LONDON

SYDNEY

Population Density (Persons Per Square mile)

Figure 3. Population Density


Table 2. Market Share

City

TOKYO

OSAKA

NAGOYA

PARIS

LONDON

SYDNEY

Public Transport 56.7% 59.5% 24.6% 24.1% 17.1% 13.6%

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Commuter Rail 39.5% 36.4% 12.0% 7.2% 3.7% 5.6%


0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

TOKYOOSAKA

NAGOYAPARIS

LONDONSYDNEY

56.7% 59.5%

24.6%24.1%

17.1%

13.6%

Public Transport Market Share

Figure 4. Public Transport Market Share


0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

TOKYOOSAKA

NAGOYAPARIS

LONDONSYDNEY

39.5%

36.4%

12.0%

7.2%

3.7%5.6%

Commuter Rail Market Share

Figure 5. Commuter Rail Market Share


0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

TOKYOOSAKA

NAGOYAPARIS

LONDONSYDNEY

39.5%

36.4%

12.0%

7.2%

3.7%5.6%

56.7% 59.5%

24.6%24.1%

17.1%

13.6%

Public Transport Market Share

Commuter Rail Market Share

Figure 6. Market Share


Table 3. Commuter Rail system Factors


TOKYO

OSAKA

NAGOYA

PARIS

LONDON

SYDNEY

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Lines 60 30 35 40 40 15

Station Density 0.61 1.01 0.77 0.51 0.59 0.38

Number of Stations 1,243 1,065 843 540 940 306

Length of Route (mile)

1,779 1,095 528 1,012 2,260 1,273


1,779

1,095

528

1,012

2,260

1,273


LENGTH OF ROUTE (MILE)

Figure 7. Length of Routes


1,243

1,065

843

540

940

306

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400


Number of Stations

Figure 8. Number Of Stations


0.61

1.01

0.77

0.51

0.59

0.38

TOKYO

OSAKA

NAGOYA

PARIS

LONDON

SYDNEY

Station Density

Figure 9. Stations Density

50

(Per square Mile)


60

30

35

40 40

15

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


LINES

Figure 10. Lines


Table 4. Private Or Public Sector

Governmental Subsidy For

OperationsNO No NO Yes Yes Yes

Governmental Subsidy For

InvestmentNO NO NO 100% 100% 100%

Lines Shared With Freight

TrainsNO NO NO

a Part of

System

a Part of

System

a Part of

System


TOKYO

OSAKA

NAGOYA

PARIS

LONDON

SYDNEY


Conclusion

Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya:

o Commuter rail system are profitable enterprises.

o They are being directed by private sectors completely.

o All public transport networks are connected to and integrated with

each other.

o Prepare Compact bus network moreover common bus networks.

o Public transport systems which developed and extended widely.


Conclusion

Paris, London, Sydney:

Commuter trains hadn’t attracted significant percent of

market share.

They haven’t had productivity and acceptable performance in

their commuter rail systems.


Conclusion

Paris, London, Sydney:

o Inappropriate development in length of routes and the number

of stations and increase in use of private vehicles in these three

city especially London cause to:

I. Accessibility to commuter trains has decreased!

II. Market Share for CR has reduced significantly!


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Commuter Rail System

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